Linux Tomcat 6.0安装配置实践总结
系統環境： Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5.7 (Tikanga)? 64位
Tomcat下載
從官方網站 http://tomcat.apache.org/下載你需要的Tomcat版本，目前Tomcat主要版本有Tomcat 6.0、Tomcat 7.0、Tomcat 8.0三個版本，下面我們以6.0(6.0.39)版本為例， 下載URL地址：http://tomcat.apache.org/download-60.cgi ，如果你需要下載Tomcat 6.0下的其它版本，點擊鏈接地址“Archives“ http://archive.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-6/ 即可查看到你需要的版本。
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Tomcat安裝
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Step 1：安裝配置JDK
??? 關于JDK的安裝配置細節可以參考我以前的博客lRedhat Linux安裝JDK 1.7，JDK最好選擇合適的版本，這里我為了方便省事，就安裝了JDK1.7.
1: [root@DB-Server tmp]# chmod +x jdk-7u25-linux-x64.rpm 2:? 3: [root@DB-Server tmp]# rpm -ivh jdk-7u25-linux-x64.rpm 4: Preparing... ########################################### [100%] 5: 1:jdk ########################################### [100%] 6: Unpacking JAR files... 7: rt.jar... 8: jsse.jar... 9: charsets.jar... 10: tools.jar... 11: localedata.jar... 12: [root@DB-Server tmp]# cd /usr/java/配置環境變量，在etc/profile文件下添加
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_25
export CLASSPATH=/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_25/lib
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
Step 2：安裝Tomcat
1: [root@DB-Server tmp]#tar zxvf apach-tomcat-6.0.16.tar.gz 2:? 3: [root@DB-Server tmp]#mkdir /usr/local/tomcat 4:? 5: [root@DB-Server tmp]# mv apache-tomcat-6.0.39 /usr/local/ tomcat 6:? 7:? 8: [root@DB-Server tomcat]# vi /etc/profile 9:? 10: export TOMCAT_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat 11:? 12: 13: [root@DB-Server tomcat]# source /etc/profile 14: [root@DB-Server tomcat]# echo $TOMCAT_HOME 15: /usr/local/tomcat 16:? 17:? 18: [root@DB-Server bin]# pwd 19: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39/bin 20: [root@DB-Server bin]# ./startup.sh 21: Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39 22: Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39 23: Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39/temp 24: Using JRE_HOME: /usr/java/jdk1.7.0_25 25: Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39/bin/bootstrap.jar如果需要指定Tomcat在某個賬號下運行或管理，則可以通過下面腳本：例如，我要創建一個tomcat的賬號
1: [root@DB-Server ~]# groupadd tomcat 2:? 3: [root@DB-Server ~]# useradd -g tomcat -d /home/tomcat -u 502 tomcat 4:? 5: Creating mailbox file: File exists 6:? 7: [root@DB-Server tomcat]# chown -Rf tomcat.tomcat /usr/local/tomcat/ 8:? 9: [root@DB-Server tomcat]#passwd tomcat 10:? 11: Changing password for user tomcat. 12:? 13: New UNIX password: 14:? 15: Retype new UNIX password: 16:? 17: passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.在瀏覽器里面輸入http://localhost:8080/? （默認端口為8080,可以修改該端口號） 驗證Tomcat是否安裝成功，如果安裝成功，則會看到Tomcat的index.jsp并證明Tomcat啟動成功了
Tomcat配置
關于Tomcat的目錄結構，可以參考下面簡單的描述，
[root@DB-Server apache-tomcat-6.0.39]# ls
bin?????? lib??????????????? logs?????????? RELEASE-NOTES????? temp???? work
conf???? LICENSE???? NOTICE???? RUNNING.txt?????????????? webapps
??? 主目錄下面有bin、lib等目錄
??? bin??????????? 存放Tomcat啟動、停止服務程序以及一些其他腳本程序
??? lib???????????? 存放Tomcat運行需要的jar包
??? log??????????? 存放Tomcat運行的相關日志文件
??? conf????????? 存放Tomcat配置文件。例如server.xml 、 web.xml等
??? temp???????? 存放Tomcat運行的臨時文件。
??? webapps?? Web應用的發布目錄，默認情況下把Web應用文件放于此目錄。
??? work????????? Tomcat的工作目錄，默認情況下把編譯JSP文件生成的servlet類文件放于此目錄下
1：啟動Tomcat服務
1: [root@DB-Server bin]# ./startup.sh 2:? 3: Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39 4:? 5: Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39 6:? 7: Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39/temp 8:? 9: Using JRE_HOME: /usr/java/jdk1.7.0_25 10:? 11: Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39/bin/bootstrap.jar2：關閉Tomcat服務
1: [root@DB-Server bin]# ./shutdown.sh 2:? 3: Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39 4:? 5: Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39 6:? 7: Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39/temp 8:? 9: Using JRE_HOME: /usr/java/jdk1.7.0_25 10:? 11: Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39/bin/bootstrap.jar 12:? 13: [root@DB-Server bin]#3：查看Tomcat版本
?????? 有時候，如果當你接手去管理Tomcat,? 可能你要了解一下Tomcat的版本信息，以及配置，那么怎么查看呢，去Tomcat的主目錄下的bin目錄下，執行version.sh,你就能查看到很多詳細信息。
1: [root@DB-Server bin]# ./version.sh 2:? 3: Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39 4:? 5: Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39 6:? 7: Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39/temp 8:? 9: Using JRE_HOME: /usr/java/jdk1.7.0_25 10:? 11: Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39/bin/bootstrap.jar 12:? 13: Server version: Apache Tomcat/6.0.39 14:? 15: Server built: Jan 27 2014 10:40:33 16:? 17: Server number: 6.0.39.0 18:? 19: OS Name: Linux 20:? 21: OS Version: 2.6.18-274.el5 22:? 23: Architecture: amd64 24:? 25: JVM Version: 1.7.0_25-b15 26:? 27: JVM Vendor: Oracle Corporation 28:?4：設置管理密碼
??? 如果你要進入Tomcat的管理頁面：http://localhost:8080/manager/html ，這時會彈出下面認證界面，需要你輸入用戶名和密碼，如果你沒有配置過或者你忘了用戶名、密碼，那么應該找那個配置文件呢？其實你都可以通過配置文件tomcat-users.xml 來解決
1: [root@DB-Server conf]# more tomcat-users.xml 2:? 3: xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?> 4:? 5: -- 6:? 7: Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more 8:? 9: contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with 10:? 11: this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. 12:? 13: The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0 14:? 15: (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with 16:? 17: the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at 18:? 19: http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 20:? 21: Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software 22:? 23: distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, 24:? 25: WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. 26:? 27: See the License for the specific language governing permissions and 28:? 29: limitations under the License. 30:? 31: > 32:? 33: omcat-users> 34:? 35: -- 36:? 37: NOTE: By default, no user is included in the "manager-gui" role required 38:? 39: to operate the "/manager/html" web application. If you wish to use this app, 40:? 41: you must define such a user - the username and password are arbitrary. 42:? 43: > 44:? 45: -- 46:? 47: NOTE: The sample user and role entries below are wrapped in a comment 48:? 49: and thus are ignored when reading this file. Do not forget to remove 50:? 51: <!.. ..> that surrounds them. 52:? 53: > 54:? 55: -- 56:? 57: <role rolename="tomcat"/> 58:? 59: <role rolename="role1"/> 60:? 61: <user username="tomcat" password="tomcat" roles="tomcat"/> 62:? 63: <user username="both" password="tomcat" roles="tomcat,role1"/> 64:? 65: <user username="role1" password="tomcat" roles="role1"/> 66:? 67: > 68:? 69: tomcat-users> 70:?修改配置文件前，要養成首先備份一份配置文件的習慣，以防需要回滾到最初設置時，忘了自己修改過哪些配置。一般建議源文件+日期+bak
[root@DB-Server conf]# cp tomcat-users.xml tomcat-users.xml.20130308.bak
[root@DB-Server conf]# vi tomcat-users.xml
<role rolename="admin" />
<role rolename="manager" />
<user username="admin" password="Qwe!23" roles="admin,manager" />
修改了配置信息后，一般需要重新啟動一下Tomcat才能生效，否則依然進入不了管理界面
Tomcat 7 下與Tomcat 6 稍有不同，如下所示：
<role rolename="admin-gui"/>
<role rolename="manager-gui"/>
<user username="admin" password="xxxx" roles="admin-gui , manager-gui "/>
5：修改Tomcat的默認端口
??? 有時候由于特性情況，需要修改Tomcat的默認端口8080，例如端口號被其它應用程序占用了等，這時你需要修改server.xml，在里面
找到如下圖所示地方，修改為port的值。注意：修改后需要重啟Tomcat服務。
? 6：修改Tomcat使用的JDK
??? 首先我們先安裝JDK1.6，如下所示
1: [root@DB-Server tmp]# chmod +x jdk-6u31-linux-x64-rpm.bin 2: [root@DB-Server tmp]# ./jdk-6u31-linux-x64-rpm.bin 3: Unpacking... 4: Checksumming... 5: Extracting... 6: UnZipSFX 5.50 of 17 February 2002, by Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs@lists.wku.edu). 7: inflating: jdk-6u31-linux-amd64.rpm 8: inflating: sun-javadb-common-10.6.2-1.1.i386.rpm 9: inflating: sun-javadb-core-10.6.2-1.1.i386.rpm 10: inflating: sun-javadb-client-10.6.2-1.1.i386.rpm 11: inflating: sun-javadb-demo-10.6.2-1.1.i386.rpm 12: inflating: sun-javadb-docs-10.6.2-1.1.i386.rpm 13: inflating: sun-javadb-javadoc-10.6.2-1.1.i386.rpm 14: Preparing... ########################################### [100%] 15: 1:jdk ########################################### [100%] 16: Unpacking JAR files... 17: rt.jar... 18: jsse.jar... 19: charsets.jar... 20: tools.jar... 21: localedata.jar... 22: plugin.jar... 23: javaws.jar... 24: deploy.jar... 25: Installing JavaDB 26: Preparing... ########################################### [100%] 27: 1:sun-javadb-common ########################################### [ 17%] 28: 2:sun-javadb-core ########################################### [ 33%] 29: 3:sun-javadb-client ########################################### [ 50%] 30: 4:sun-javadb-demo ########################################### [ 67%] 31: 5:sun-javadb-docs ########################################### [ 83%] 32: 6:sun-javadb-javadoc ########################################### [100%] 33: Java(TM) SE Development Kit 6 successfully installed. 34: Product Registration is FREE and includes many benefits: 35: * Notification of new versions, patches, and updates 36: * Special offers on Oracle products, services and training 37: * Access to early releases and documentation 38: Product and system data will be collected. If your configuration 39: supports a browser, the JDK Product Registration form will 40: be presented. If you do not register, none of this information 41: will be saved. You may also register your JDK later by 42: opening the register.html file (located in the JDK installation 43: directory) in a browser. 44: For more information on what data Registration collects and 45: how it is managed and used, see: 46: http://java.sun.com/javase/registration/JDKRegistrationPrivacy.html 47: Press Enter to continue..... 48: 49: Done.修改catalina.sh，增加export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_31即可。如下所示，似乎不用重啟，Tomcat使用的JDK就改為了jdk1.6
[root@DB-Server bin]# ./shutdown.sh
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_31
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39/bin/bootstrap.jar
[root@DB-Server bin]# ./startup.sh
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_31
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39/bin/bootstrap.jar
[root@DB-Server bin]#
另外，似乎網上也有文章介紹，在文件setclasspath.sh下加入export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_31 設置即可，那種比較合理，目前不得而知。
? 7：Tomcat端口被占用分析
??? 有時候明明Tomcat配置OK，Tomcat服務啟動正常，但是打開頁面的時候出錯。這時可能是Tomat端口被占用了，你可以查看一下那些程序占用了Tomcat的端口
[root@DB-Server bin]# netstat -an | grep 8080
[root@DB-Server bin]# netstat -apn | grep 8080
一般你也會在catalina.out日志里面找到”SEVERE: Error initializing endpoint java.net.BindException: Permission denied<null>:8080“之類的錯誤。
1: [root@DB-Server logs]$ more catalina.out 2: Mar 4, 2014 4:22:14 PM org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener init 3: INFO: The APR based Apache Tomcat Native library which allows optimal performance in production environments was not found on the ja 4: va.library.path: /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_31/jre/lib/amd64/server:/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_31/jre/lib/amd64:/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_31/jre/../lib/amd 5: 64:/usr/java/packages/lib/amd64:/usr/lib64:/lib64:/lib:/usr/lib 6: Mar 4, 2014 4:22:15 PM org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Protocol init 7: SEVERE: Error initializing endpoint 8: java.net.BindException: Permission denied<null>:8080 9: at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.JIoEndpoint.init(JIoEndpoint.java:502) 10: at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Protocol.init(Http11Protocol.java:176) 11: at org.apache.catalina.connector.Connector.initialize(Connector.java:1058) 12: at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.initialize(StandardService.java:677) 13: at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.initialize(StandardServer.java:795) 14: at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.load(Catalina.java:530) 15: at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.load(Catalina.java:550) 16: at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) 17: at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39) 18: at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25) 19: at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597) 20: at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.load(Bootstrap.java:260) 21: at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:412) 22: Mar 4, 2014 4:22:15 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina load 23: SEVERE: Catalina.start這時要么修改Tomcat的默認端口號，要么修改其它應用程序的端口號。
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Tomcat卸載
Tomcat的卸載非常簡單，只需要將Tomcat的CATALINA_BASE目錄刪除，然后刪除一些環境變量即可。
[root@DB-Server ~]# rm -rf /usr/local/tomcat/
轉載于:https://www.cnblogs.com/kerrycode/p/3588816.html
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