In vivo means in life, so something would be the whole, living organism that the scientist is using as a scientific subject. It is best for "observing the overall effects of an experiment on a living subject."

In vitro means in the glass, so it means the experiment is carried out outside of the organism, usually in a test tube orpetri dish. The advantage is that the experiment can be more precisely controlled; the disadvantage is that it "may lead to results that do not correspond to the situation that arises in a living organism."

I rarely hear "ex vivo"; the definition is that it "refers to experimentation or measurements done in or on living tissue in an artificial environment outside the organism with the minimum alteration of the natural conditions."

Source(s):

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_vivo
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_vitro
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ex_vivo

in vitro主要泛指體外實驗，不涉及體內實驗內容； 而比較in vivo和ex vivo，兩個詞的運用比較主要在基因治療方面，轉入目的基因方法。in vivo指活體直接轉移，將帶有遺傳物質的病毒、脂質體或裸露DNA直接注射到實驗動物或人體內；ex vivo指在體轉移，將實驗對象的細胞取出，體外培養并導入重組基因，而后將這些經遺傳修飾的細胞重新輸回實驗動物體內。

ex vivo：活體外 in vivo：活體內實驗 in vitro：試管等內的體外實驗

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