Java中的IO整理
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寫在前面:本文章基本覆蓋了Java?IO的全部內(nèi)容,java新IO沒有涉及,因為我想和這個分開,以突出那個的重要性,新IO哪一篇文章還沒有開始寫,估計很快就能和大家見面。照舊,文章依舊以例子為主,因為講解內(nèi)容的java書很多了,我覺的學(xué)以致用才是真。代碼是寫出來的,不是看出來的。
最后歡迎大家提出意見和建議。
【案例1】創(chuàng)建一個新文件
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 | import? java.io.*; class? hello{ ???? public? static? void? main(String[] args) { ???????? File f= new? File( "D:\\hello.txt" ); ???????? try { ???????????? f.createNewFile(); ???????? } catch? (Exception e) { ???????????? e.printStackTrace(); ???????? } ???? } } |
【運行結(jié)果】:
程序運行之后,在d盤下會有一個名字為hello.txt的文件。
【案例2】File類的兩個常量
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 | import? java.io.*; class? hello{ ???? public? static? void? main(String[] args) { ???????? System.out.println(File.separator); ???????? System.out.println(File.pathSeparator); ???? } } |
【運行結(jié)果】:
\
;
此處多說幾句:有些同學(xué)可能認(rèn)為,我直接在windows下使用\進(jìn)行分割不行嗎?當(dāng)然是可以的。但是在Linux下就不是\了。所以,要想使得我們的代碼跨平臺,更加健壯,所以,大家都采用這兩個常量吧,其實也多寫不了幾行。呵呵、
現(xiàn)在我們使用File類中的常量改寫上面的代碼:
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 | import? java.io.*; class? hello{ ???? public? static? void? main(String[] args) { ???????? String fileName= "D:" +File.separator+ "hello.txt" ; ???????? File f= new? File(fileName); ???????? try { ???????????? f.createNewFile(); ???????? } catch? (Exception e) { ???????????? e.printStackTrace(); ???????? } ???? } } |
你看,沒有多寫多少吧,呵呵。所以建議使用File類中的常量。
?
刪除一個文件
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 | /** ? * 刪除一個文件 ? * */ import? java.io.*; class? hello{ ???? public? static? void? main(String[] args) { ???????? String fileName= "D:" +File.separator+ "hello.txt" ; ???????? File f= new? File(fileName); ???????? if (f.exists()){ ???????????? f.delete(); ???????? } else { ???????????? System.out.println( "文件不存在" ); ???????? } ????????? ???? } } |
創(chuàng)建一個文件夾
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 | /** ? * 創(chuàng)建一個文件夾 ? * */ import? java.io.*; class? hello{ ???? public? static? void? main(String[] args) { ???????? String fileName= "D:" +File.separator+ "hello" ; ???????? File f= new? File(fileName); ???????? f.mkdir(); ???? } } |
【運行結(jié)果】:
D盤下多了一個hello文件夾
?
列出指定目錄的全部文件(包括隱藏文件):
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 | /** ? * 使用list列出指定目錄的全部文件 ? * */ import? java.io.*; class? hello{ ???? public? static? void? main(String[] args) { ???????? String fileName= "D:" +File.separator; ???????? File f= new? File(fileName); ???????? String[] str=f.list(); ???????? for? ( int? i =? 0 ; i < str.length; i++) { ???????????? System.out.println(str[i]); ???????? } ???? } } |
【運行結(jié)果】:
$RECYCLE.BIN
360
360Downloads
360Rec
360SoftMove
Config.Msi
da
Downloads
DriversBackup
eclipse
java web整合開發(fā)和項目實戰(zhàn)
Lenovo
MSOCache
Program
Program Files
Python
RECYGLER.{8F92DA15-A229-A4D5-B5CE-5280C8B89C19}
System Volume Information
Tomcat6
var
vod_cache_data
新建文件夾
(你的運行結(jié)果應(yīng)該和這個不一樣的,呵呵)
但是使用list返回的是String數(shù)組,。而且列出的不是完整路徑,如果想列出完整路徑的話,需要使用listFiles.他返回的是File的數(shù)組
列出指定目錄的全部文件(包括隱藏文件):
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 | /** ? * 使用listFiles列出指定目錄的全部文件 ? * listFiles輸出的是完整路徑 ? * */ import? java.io.*; class? hello{ ???? public? static? void? main(String[] args) { ???????? String fileName= "D:" +File.separator; ???????? File f= new? File(fileName); ???????? File[] str=f.listFiles(); ???????? for? ( int? i =? 0 ; i < str.length; i++) { ???????????? System.out.println(str[i]); ???????? } ???? } } |
【運行結(jié)果】:
D:\$RECYCLE.BIN
D:\360
D:\360Downloads
D:\360Rec
D:\360SoftMove
D:\Config.Msi
D:\da
D:\Downloads
D:\DriversBackup
D:\eclipse
D:\java web整合開發(fā)和項目實戰(zhàn)
D:\Lenovo
D:\MSOCache
D:\Program
D:\Program Files
D:\python
D:\RECYGLER.{8F92DA15-A229-A4D5-B5CE-5280C8B89C19}
D:\System Volume Information
D:\Tomcat6
D:\var
D:\vod_cache_data
D:\新建文件夾
通過比較可以指定,使用listFiles更加方便、
?
判斷一個指定的路徑是否為目錄
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 | /** ? * 使用isDirectory判斷一個指定的路徑是否為目錄 ? * */ import? java.io.*; class? hello{ ???? public? static? void? main(String[] args) { ???????? String fileName= "D:" +File.separator; ???????? File f= new? File(fileName); ???????? if (f.isDirectory()){ ???????????? System.out.println( "YES" ); ???????? } else { ???????????? System.out.println( "NO" ); ???????? } ???? } } |
【運行結(jié)果】:YES
?
搜索指定目錄的全部內(nèi)容
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 | /** ? * 列出指定目錄的全部內(nèi)容 ? * */ import? java.io.*; class? hello{ ???? public? static? void? main(String[] args) { ???????? String fileName= "D:" +File.separator; ???????? File f= new? File(fileName); ???????? print(f); ???? } ???? public? static? void? print(File f){ ???????? if (f!= null ){ ???????????? if (f.isDirectory()){ ???????????????? File[] fileArray=f.listFiles(); ???????????????? if (fileArray!= null ){ ???????????????????? for? ( int? i =? 0 ; i < fileArray.length; i++) { ???????????????????????? //遞歸調(diào)用 ???????????????????????? print(fileArray[i]); ???????????????????? } ???????????????? } ???????????? } ???????????? else { ???????????????? System.out.println(f); ???????????? } ???????? } ???? } } |
【運行結(jié)果】:
D:\Tomcat6\work\Catalina\localhost\nevel\org\apache\jsp\framepages\web4welcome_jsp.java
D:\Tomcat6\work\Catalina\localhost\nevel\org\apache\jsp\help_005fhome_jsp.class
D:\Tomcat6\work\Catalina\localhost\nevel\org\apache\jsp\help_005fhome_jsp.java
D:\Tomcat6\work\Catalina\localhost\nevel\org\apache\jsp\home_jsp.class
D:\Tomcat6\work\Catalina\localhost\nevel\org\apache\jsp\home_jsp.java
D:\Tomcat6\work\Catalina\localhost\nevel\org\apache\jsp\index_jsp.class
D:\Tomcat6\work\Catalina\localhost\nevel\org\apache\jsp\index_jsp.java
D:\Tomcat6\work\Catalina\localhost\nevel\org\apache\jsp\login_jsp.class
D:\Tomcat6\work\Catalina\localhost\nevel\org\apache\jsp\login_jsp.java
D:\Tomcat6\work\Catalina\localhost\nevel\org\apache\jsp\modify_005fuser_005finfo_jsp.class
D:\Tomcat6\work\Catalina\localhost\nevel\org\apache\jsp\modify_005fuser_005finfo_jsp.java
D:\Tomcat6\work\Catalina\localhost\nevel\org\apache\jsp\register_005fnotify_jsp.class
D:\Tomcat6\work\Catalina\localhost\nevel\org\apache\jsp\register_005fnotify_jsp.java
D:\Tomcat6\work\Catalina\localhost\nevel\org\apache\jsp\sign_005fup_jsp.class
D:\Tomcat6\work\Catalina\localhost\nevel\org\apache\jsp\sign_005fup_jsp.java
D:\Tomcat6\work\Catalina\localhost\nevel\org\apache\jsp\transit_jsp.class
……
?
【使用RandomAccessFile寫入文件】
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 | /** ? * 使用RandomAccessFile寫入文件 ? * */ import? java.io.*; class? hello{ ???? public? static? void? main(String[] args)? throws? IOException { ???????? String fileName= "D:" +File.separator+ "hello.txt" ; ???????? File f= new? File(fileName); ???????? RandomAccessFile demo= new? RandomAccessFile(f, "rw" ); ???????? demo.writeBytes( "asdsad" ); ???????? demo.writeInt( 12 ); ???????? demo.writeBoolean( true ); ???????? demo.writeChar( 'A' ); ???????? demo.writeFloat( 1 .21f); ???????? demo.writeDouble( 12.123 ); ???????? demo.close();?? ???? } } |
如果你此時打開hello。txt查看的話,會發(fā)現(xiàn)那是亂碼。
?
字節(jié)流
【向文件中寫入字符串】
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 | /** ? * 字節(jié)流 ? * 向文件中寫入字符串 ? * */ import? java.io.*; class? hello{ ???? public? static? void? main(String[] args)? throws? IOException { ???????? String fileName= "D:" +File.separator+ "hello.txt" ; ???????? File f= new? File(fileName); ???????? OutputStream out = new? FileOutputStream(f); ???????? String str= "你好" ; ???????? byte [] b=str.getBytes(); ???????? out.write(b); ???????? out.close(); ???? } } |
查看hello.txt會看到“你好”
當(dāng)然也可以一個字節(jié)一個字節(jié)的寫。
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 | /** ? * 字節(jié)流 ? * 向文件中一個字節(jié)一個字節(jié)的寫入字符串 ? * */ import? java.io.*; class? hello{ ???? public? static? void? main(String[] args)? throws? IOException { ???????? String fileName= "D:" +File.separator+ "hello.txt" ; ???????? File f= new? File(fileName); ???????? OutputStream out = new? FileOutputStream(f); ???????? String str= "你好" ; ???????? byte [] b=str.getBytes(); ???????? for? ( int? i =? 0 ; i < b.length; i++) { ???????????? out.write(b[i]); ???????? } ???????? out.close(); ???? } } |
結(jié)果還是:“你好”
?
向文件中追加新內(nèi)容:
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 | /** ? * 字節(jié)流 ? * 向文件中追加新內(nèi)容: ? * */ import? java.io.*; class? hello{ ???? public? static? void? main(String[] args)? throws? IOException { ???????? String fileName= "D:" +File.separator+ "hello.txt" ; ???????? File f= new? File(fileName); ???????? OutputStream out = new? FileOutputStream(f, true ); ???????? String str= "Rollen" ; ???????? //String str="\r\nRollen";? 可以換行 ???????? byte [] b=str.getBytes(); ???????? for? ( int? i =? 0 ; i < b.length; i++) { ???????????? out.write(b[i]); ???????? } ???????? out.close(); ???? } } |
【運行結(jié)果】:
你好Rollen
?
【讀取文件內(nèi)容】
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 | /** ? * 字節(jié)流 ? * 讀文件內(nèi)容 ? * */ import? java.io.*; class? hello{ ???? public? static? void? main(String[] args)? throws? IOException { ???????? String fileName= "D:" +File.separator+ "hello.txt" ; ???????? File f= new? File(fileName); ???????? InputStream in= new? FileInputStream(f); ???????? byte [] b= new? byte [ 1024 ]; ???????? in.read(b); ???????? in.close(); ???????? System.out.println( new? String(b)); ???? } } |
【運行結(jié)果】
你好Rollen
Rollen_
但是這個例子讀取出來會有大量的空格,我們可以利用in.read(b);的返回值來設(shè)計程序。如下:
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 | /** ? * 字節(jié)流 ? * 讀文件內(nèi)容 ? * */ import? java.io.*; class? hello{ ???? public? static? void? main(String[] args)? throws? IOException { ???????? String fileName= "D:" +File.separator+ "hello.txt" ; ???????? File f= new? File(fileName); ???????? InputStream in= new? FileInputStream(f); ???????? byte [] b= new? byte [ 1024 ]; ???????? int? len=in.read(b); ???????? in.close(); ???????? System.out.println( "讀入長度為:" +len); ???????? System.out.println( new? String(b, 0 ,len)); ???? } } |
【運行結(jié)果】:
讀入長度為:18
你好Rollen
Rollen
?
讀者觀察上面的例子可以看出,我們預(yù)先申請了一個指定大小的空間,但是有時候這個空間可能太小,有時候可能太大,我們需要準(zhǔn)確的大小,這樣節(jié)省空間,那么我們可以這樣干:
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 | /** ? * 字節(jié)流 ? * 讀文件內(nèi)容,節(jié)省空間 ? * */ import? java.io.*; class? hello{ ???? public? static? void? main(String[] args)? throws? IOException { ???????? String fileName= "D:" +File.separator+ "hello.txt" ; ???????? File f= new? File(fileName); ???????? InputStream in= new? FileInputStream(f); ???????? byte [] b= new? byte [( int )f.length()]; ???????? in.read(b); ???????? System.out.println( "文件長度為:" +f.length()); ???????? in.close(); ???????? System.out.println( new? String(b)); ???? } } |
文件長度為:18
你好Rollen
Rollen
?
將上面的例子改為一個一個讀:
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 | /** ? * 字節(jié)流 ? * 讀文件內(nèi)容,節(jié)省空間 ? * */ import? java.io.*; class? hello{ ???? public? static? void? main(String[] args)? throws? IOException { ???????? String fileName= "D:" +File.separator+ "hello.txt" ; ???????? File f= new? File(fileName); ???????? InputStream in= new? FileInputStream(f); ???????? byte [] b= new? byte [( int )f.length()]; ???????? for? ( int? i =? 0 ; i < b.length; i++) { ???????????? b[i]=( byte )in.read(); ???????? } ???????? in.close(); ???????? System.out.println( new? String(b)); ???? } } |
輸出的結(jié)果和上面的一樣。
?
細(xì)心的讀者可能會發(fā)現(xiàn),上面的幾個例子都是在知道文件的內(nèi)容多大,然后才展開的,有時候我們不知道文件有多大,這種情況下,我們需要判斷是否獨到文件的末尾。
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 | /** ? * 字節(jié)流 ? *讀文件 ? * */ import? java.io.*; class? hello{ ???? public? static? void? main(String[] args)? throws? IOException { ???????? String fileName= "D:" +File.separator+ "hello.txt" ; ???????? File f= new? File(fileName); ???????? InputStream in= new? FileInputStream(f); ???????? byte [] b= new? byte [ 1024 ]; ???????? int? count = 0 ; ???????? int? temp= 0 ; ???????? while ((temp=in.read())!=(- 1 )){ ???????????? b[count++]=( byte )temp; ???????? } ???????? in.close(); ???????? System.out.println( new? String(b)); ???? } } |
【運行結(jié)果】
你好Rollen
Rollen_
提醒一下,當(dāng)獨到文件末尾的時候會返回-1.正常情況下是不會返回-1的
?
字符流
【向文件中寫入數(shù)據(jù)】
現(xiàn)在我們使用字符流
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 | /** ? * 字符流 ? * 寫入數(shù)據(jù) ? * */ import? java.io.*; class? hello{ ???? public? static? void? main(String[] args)? throws? IOException { ???????? String fileName= "D:" +File.separator+ "hello.txt" ; ???????? File f= new? File(fileName); ???????? Writer out = new? FileWriter(f); ???????? String str= "hello" ; ???????? out.write(str); ???????? out.close(); ???? } } |
當(dāng)你打開hello。txt的時候,會看到hello
其實這個例子上之前的例子沒什么區(qū)別,只是你可以直接輸入字符串,而不需要你將字符串轉(zhuǎn)化為字節(jié)數(shù)組。
當(dāng)你如果想問文件中追加內(nèi)容的時候,可以使用將上面的聲明out的哪一行換為:
Writer out =new?FileWriter(f,true);
這樣,當(dāng)你運行程序的時候,會發(fā)現(xiàn)文件內(nèi)容變?yōu)?#xff1a;
hellohello如果想在文件中換行的話,需要使用“\r\n”
比如將str變?yōu)镾tring str="\r\nhello";
這樣文件追加的str的內(nèi)容就會換行了。
?
從文件中讀內(nèi)容:
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 | /** ? * 字符流 ? * 從文件中讀出內(nèi)容 ? * */ import? java.io.*; class? hello{ ???? public? static? void? main(String[] args)? throws? IOException { ???????? String fileName= "D:" +File.separator+ "hello.txt" ; ???????? File f= new? File(fileName); ???????? char [] ch= new? char [ 100 ]; ???????? Reader read= new? FileReader(f); ???????? int? count=read.read(ch); ???????? read.close(); ???????? System.out.println( "讀入的長度為:" +count); ???????? System.out.println( "內(nèi)容為" + new? String(ch, 0 ,count)); ???? } } |
【運行結(jié)果】:
讀入的長度為:17
內(nèi)容為hellohello
hello
?
當(dāng)然最好采用循環(huán)讀取的方式,因為我們有時候不知道文件到底有多大。
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 | /** ? * 字符流 ? * 從文件中讀出內(nèi)容 ? * */ import? java.io.*; class? hello{ ???? public? static? void? main(String[] args)? throws? IOException { ???????? String fileName= "D:" +File.separator+ "hello.txt" ; ???????? File f= new? File(fileName); ???????? char [] ch= new? char [ 100 ]; ???????? Reader read= new? FileReader(f); ???????? int? temp= 0 ; ???????? int? count= 0 ; ???????? while ((temp=read.read())!=(- 1 )){ ???????????? ch[count++]=( char )temp; ???????? } ???????? read.close(); ???????? System.out.println( "內(nèi)容為" + new? String(ch, 0 ,count)); ???? } } |
運行結(jié)果:
內(nèi)容為hellohello
hello
?
關(guān)于字節(jié)流和字符流的區(qū)別
實際上字節(jié)流在操作的時候本身是不會用到緩沖區(qū)的,是文件本身的直接操作的,但是字符流在操作的?時候下后是會用到緩沖區(qū)的,是通過緩沖區(qū)來操作文件的。
讀者可以試著將上面的字節(jié)流和字符流的程序的最后一行關(guān)閉文件的代碼注釋掉,然后運行程序看看。你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)使用字節(jié)流的話,文件中已經(jīng)存在內(nèi)容,但是使用字符流的時候,文件中還是沒有內(nèi)容的,這個時候就要刷新緩沖區(qū)。
使用字節(jié)流好還是字符流好呢?
答案是字節(jié)流。首先因為硬盤上的所有文件都是以字節(jié)的形式進(jìn)行傳輸或者保存的,包括圖片等內(nèi)容。但是字符只是在內(nèi)存中才會形成的,所以在開發(fā)中,字節(jié)流使用廣泛。
文件的復(fù)制
其實DOS下就有一個文件復(fù)制功能,比如我們想把d盤下面的hello.txt文件復(fù)制到d盤下面的rollen.txt文件中,那么我們就可以使用下面的命令:
copy d:\hello.txt d:\rollen.txt
運行之后你會在d盤中看見hello.txt.,并且兩個文件的內(nèi)容是一樣的,(這是屁話)
?
下面我們使用程序來復(fù)制文件吧。
基本思路還是從一個文件中讀入內(nèi)容,邊讀邊寫入另一個文件,就是這么簡單。、
首先編寫下面的代碼:
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 | /** ? * 文件的復(fù)制 ? * */ import? java.io.*; class? hello{ ???? public? static? void? main(String[] args)? throws? IOException { ???????? if (args.length!= 2 ){ ???????????? System.out.println( "命令行參數(shù)輸入有誤,請檢查" ); ???????????? System.exit( 1 ); ???????? } ???????? File file1= new? File(args[ 0 ]); ???????? File file2= new? File(args[ 1 ]); ????????? ???????? if (!file1.exists()){ ???????????? System.out.println( "被復(fù)制的文件不存在" ); ???????????? System.exit( 1 ); ???????? } ???????? InputStream input= new? FileInputStream(file1); ???????? OutputStream output= new? FileOutputStream(file2); ???????? if ((input!= null )&&(output!= null )){ ???????????? int? temp= 0 ; ???????????? while ((temp=input.read())!=(- 1 )){ ???????????????? output.write(temp); ???????????? } ???????? } ???????? input.close(); ???????? output.close(); ???? } } |
然后在命令行下面
javac hello.java
java hello d:\hello.txt d:\rollen.txt
現(xiàn)在你就會在d盤看到rollen。txt了,
OutputStreramWriter?和InputStreamReader類
整個IO類中除了字節(jié)流和字符流還包括字節(jié)和字符轉(zhuǎn)換流。
OutputStreramWriter將輸出的字符流轉(zhuǎn)化為字節(jié)流
InputStreamReader將輸入的字節(jié)流轉(zhuǎn)換為字符流
但是不管如何操作,最后都是以字節(jié)的形式保存在文件中的。
?
將字節(jié)輸出流轉(zhuǎn)化為字符輸出流
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 | /** ? * 將字節(jié)輸出流轉(zhuǎn)化為字符輸出流 ? * */ import? java.io.*; class? hello{ ???? public? static? void? main(String[] args)? throws? IOException { ???????? String fileName=? "d:" +File.separator+ "hello.txt" ; ???????? File file= new? File(fileName); ???????? Writer out= new? OutputStreamWriter( new? FileOutputStream(file)); ???????? out.write( "hello" ); ???????? out.close(); ???? } } |
運行結(jié)果:文件中內(nèi)容為:hello
將字節(jié)輸入流變?yōu)樽址斎肓?/h4>
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 | /** ? * 將字節(jié)輸入流變?yōu)樽址斎肓? ? * */ import? java.io.*; class? hello{ ???? public? static? void? main(String[] args)? throws? IOException { ???????? String fileName=? "d:" +File.separator+ "hello.txt" ; ???????? File file= new? File(fileName); ???????? Reader read= new? InputStreamReader( new? FileInputStream(file)); ???????? char [] b= new? char [ 100 ]; ???????? int? len=read.read(b); ???????? System.out.println( new? String(b, 0 ,len)); ???????? read.close(); ???? } } |
【運行結(jié)果】:hello
前面列舉的輸出輸入都是以文件進(jìn)行的,現(xiàn)在我們以內(nèi)容為輸出輸入目的地,使用內(nèi)存操作流
ByteArrayInputStream?主要將內(nèi)容寫入內(nèi)容
ByteArrayOutputStream??主要將內(nèi)容從內(nèi)存輸出
使用內(nèi)存操作流將一個大寫字母轉(zhuǎn)化為小寫字母
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 | /** ? * 使用內(nèi)存操作流將一個大寫字母轉(zhuǎn)化為小寫字母 ? * */ import? java.io.*; class? hello{ ???? public? static? void? main(String[] args)? throws? IOException { ???????? String str= "ROLLENHOLT" ; ???????? ByteArrayInputStream input= new? ByteArrayInputStream(str.getBytes()); ???????? ByteArrayOutputStream output= new? ByteArrayOutputStream(); ???????? int? temp= 0 ; ???????? while ((temp=input.read())!=- 1 ){ ???????????? char? ch=( char )temp; ???????????? output.write(Character.toLowerCase(ch)); ???????? } ???????? String outStr=output.toString(); ???????? input.close(); ???????? output.close(); ???????? System.out.println(outStr); ???? } } |
【運行結(jié)果】:
rollenholt
內(nèi)容操作流一般使用來生成一些臨時信息采用的,這樣可以避免刪除的麻煩。
管道流
管道流主要可以進(jìn)行兩個線程之間的通信。
PipedOutputStream?管道輸出流
PipedInputStream?管道輸入流
驗證管道流
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 | /** ? * 驗證管道流 ? * */ import? java.io.*; /** ? * 消息發(fā)送類 ? * */ class? Send? implements? Runnable{ ???? private? PipedOutputStream out= null ; ???? public? Send() { ???????? out= new? PipedOutputStream(); ???? } ???? public? PipedOutputStream getOut(){ ???????? return? this .out; ???? } ???? public? void? run(){ ???????? String message= "hello , Rollen" ; ???????? try { ???????????? out.write(message.getBytes()); ???????? } catch? (Exception e) { ???????????? e.printStackTrace(); ???????? } try { ???????????? out.close(); ???????? } catch? (Exception e) { ???????????? e.printStackTrace(); ???????? } ???? } } /** ? * 接受消息類 ? * */ class? Recive? implements? Runnable{ ???? private? PipedInputStream input= null ; ???? public? Recive(){ ???????? this .input= new? PipedInputStream(); ???? } ???? public? PipedInputStream getInput(){ ???????? return? this .input; ???? } ???? public? void? run(){ ???????? byte [] b= new? byte [ 1000 ]; ???????? int? len= 0 ; ???????? try { ???????????? len= this .input.read(b); ???????? } catch? (Exception e) { ???????????? e.printStackTrace(); ???????? } try { ???????????? input.close(); ???????? } catch? (Exception e) { ???????????? e.printStackTrace(); ???????? } ???????? System.out.println( "接受的內(nèi)容為 " +( new? String(b, 0 ,len))); ???? } } /** ? * 測試類 ? * */ class? hello{ ???? public? static? void? main(String[] args)? throws? IOException { ???????? Send send= new? Send(); ???????? Recive recive= new? Recive(); ???????? try { //管道連接 ???????????? send.getOut().connect(recive.getInput()); ???????? } catch? (Exception e) { ???????????? e.printStackTrace(); ???????? } ???????? new? Thread(send).start(); ???????? new? Thread(recive).start(); ???? } } |
【運行結(jié)果】:
接受的內(nèi)容為?hello , Rollen
打印流
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 | /** ? * 使用PrintStream進(jìn)行輸出 ? * */ import? java.io.*; class? hello { ???? public? static? void? main(String[] args)? throws? IOException { ???????? PrintStream print =? new? PrintStream( new? FileOutputStream( new? File( "d:" ???????????????? + File.separator +? "hello.txt" ))); ???????? print.println( true ); ???????? print.println( "Rollen" ); ???????? print.close(); ???? } } |
【運行結(jié)果】:
true
Rollen
當(dāng)然也可以格式化輸出
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 | /** ? * 使用PrintStream進(jìn)行輸出 ? * 并進(jìn)行格式化 ? * */ import? java.io.*; class? hello { ???? public? static? void? main(String[] args)? throws? IOException { ???????? PrintStream print =? new? PrintStream( new? FileOutputStream( new? File( "d:" ???????????????? + File.separator +? "hello.txt" ))); ???????? String name= "Rollen" ; ???????? int? age= 20 ; ???????? print.printf( "姓名:%s. 年齡:%d." ,name,age); ???????? print.close(); ???? } } |
【運行結(jié)果】:
姓名:Rollen.?年齡:20.
?
使用OutputStream向屏幕上輸出內(nèi)容
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 | /** ? * 使用OutputStream向屏幕上輸出內(nèi)容 ? * */ import? java.io.*; class? hello { ???? public? static? void? main(String[] args)? throws? IOException { ???????? OutputStream out=System.out; ???????? try { ???????????? out.write( "hello" .getBytes()); ???????? } catch? (Exception e) { ???????????? e.printStackTrace(); ???????? } ???????? try { ???????????? out.close(); ???????? } catch? (Exception e) { ???????????? e.printStackTrace(); ???????? } ???? } } |
【運行結(jié)果】:
hello
?
輸入輸出重定向
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 | import? java.io.File; import? java.io.FileNotFoundException; import? java.io.FileOutputStream; import? java.io.PrintStream; /** ? * 為System.out.println()重定向輸出 ? * */ public? class? systemDemo{ ???? public? static? void? main(String[] args){ ???????? // 此刻直接輸出到屏幕 ???????? System.out.println( "hello" ); ???????? File file =? new? File( "d:"? + File.separator +? "hello.txt" ); ???????? try { ???????????? System.setOut( new? PrintStream( new? FileOutputStream(file))); ???????? } catch (FileNotFoundException e){ ???????????? e.printStackTrace(); ???????? } ???????? System.out.println( "這些內(nèi)容在文件中才能看到哦!" ); ???? } } |
【運行結(jié)果】:
eclipse的控制臺輸出的是hello。然后當(dāng)我們查看d盤下面的hello.txt文件的時候,會在里面看到:這些內(nèi)容在文件中才能看到哦!
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 | import? java.io.File; import? java.io.FileNotFoundException; import? java.io.FileOutputStream; import? java.io.PrintStream; /** ? * System.err重定向 這個例子也提示我們可以使用這種方法保存錯誤信息 ? * */ public? class? systemErr{ ???? public? static? void? main(String[] args){ ???????? File file =? new? File( "d:"? + File.separator +? "hello.txt" ); ???????? System.err.println( "這些在控制臺輸出" ); ???????? try { ???????????? System.setErr( new? PrintStream( new? FileOutputStream(file))); ???????? } catch (FileNotFoundException e){ ???????????? e.printStackTrace(); ???????? } ???????? System.err.println( "這些在文件中才能看到哦!" ); ???? } } |
【運行結(jié)果】:
你會在eclipse的控制臺看到紅色的輸出:“這些在控制臺輸出”,然后在d盤下面的hello.txt中會看到:這些在文件中才能看到哦!
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 | import? java.io.File; import? java.io.FileInputStream; import? java.io.FileNotFoundException; import? java.io.IOException; /** ? * System.in重定向 ? * */ public? class? systemIn{ ???? public? static? void? main(String[] args){ ???????? File file =? new? File( "d:"? + File.separator +? "hello.txt" ); ???????? if (!file.exists()){ ???????????? return ; ???????? } else { ???????????? try { ???????????????? System.setIn( new? FileInputStream(file)); ???????????? } catch (FileNotFoundException e){ ???????????????? e.printStackTrace(); ???????????? } ???????????? byte [] bytes =? new? byte [ 1024 ]; ???????????? int? len =? 0 ; ???????????? try { ???????????????? len = System.in.read(bytes); ???????????? } catch (IOException e){ ???????????????? e.printStackTrace(); ???????????? } ???????????? System.out.println( "讀入的內(nèi)容為:"? +? new? String(bytes,? 0 , len)); ???????? } ???? } } |
【運行結(jié)果】:
前提是我的d盤下面的hello.txt中的內(nèi)容是:“這些文件中的內(nèi)容哦!”,然后運行程序,輸出的結(jié)果為:讀入的內(nèi)容為:這些文件中的內(nèi)容哦!
?
BufferedReader的小例子
注意:?BufferedReader只能接受字符流的緩沖區(qū),因為每一個中文需要占據(jù)兩個字節(jié),所以需要將System.in這個字節(jié)輸入流變?yōu)樽址斎肓?#xff0c;采用:
| BufferedReader buf =? new? BufferedReader( ???????????????? new? InputStreamReader(System.in)); |
下面給一個實例:
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 | import? java.io.BufferedReader; import? java.io.IOException; import? java.io.InputStreamReader; /** ? * 使用緩沖區(qū)從鍵盤上讀入內(nèi)容 ? * */ public? class? BufferedReaderDemo{ ???? public? static? void? main(String[] args){ ???????? BufferedReader buf =? new? BufferedReader( ???????????????? new? InputStreamReader(System.in)); ???????? String str =? null ; ???????? System.out.println( "請輸入內(nèi)容" ); ???????? try { ???????????? str = buf.readLine(); ???????? } catch (IOException e){ ???????????? e.printStackTrace(); ???????? } ???????? System.out.println( "你輸入的內(nèi)容是:"? + str); ???? } } |
運行結(jié)果:
請輸入內(nèi)容
dasdas
你輸入的內(nèi)容是:dasdas
?
Scanner類
其實我們比較常用的是采用Scanner類來進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)輸入,下面來給一個Scanner的例子吧
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 | import? java.util.Scanner; /** ? * Scanner的小例子,從鍵盤讀數(shù)據(jù) ? * */ public? class? ScannerDemo{ ???? public? static? void? main(String[] args){ ???????? Scanner sca =? new? Scanner(System.in); ???????? // 讀一個整數(shù) ???????? int? temp = sca.nextInt(); ???????? System.out.println(temp); ???????? //讀取浮點數(shù) ???????? float? flo=sca.nextFloat(); ???????? System.out.println(flo); ???????? //讀取字符 ???????? //...等等的,都是一些太基礎(chǔ)的,就不師范了。 ???? } } |
其實Scanner可以接受任何的輸入流
下面給一個使用Scanner類從文件中讀出內(nèi)容
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 | import? java.io.File; import? java.io.FileNotFoundException; import? java.util.Scanner; /** ? * Scanner的小例子,從文件中讀內(nèi)容 ? * */ public? class? ScannerDemo{ ???? public? static? void? main(String[] args){ ???????? File file =? new? File( "d:"? + File.separator +? "hello.txt" ); ???????? Scanner sca =? null ; ???????? try { ???????????? sca =? new? Scanner(file); ???????? } catch (FileNotFoundException e){ ???????????? e.printStackTrace(); ???????? } ???????? String str = sca.next(); ???????? System.out.println( "從文件中讀取的內(nèi)容是:"? + str); ???? } } |
【運行結(jié)果】:
從文件中讀取的內(nèi)容是:這些文件中的內(nèi)容哦!
數(shù)據(jù)操作流DataOutputStream、DataInputStream類
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 | import? java.io.DataOutputStream; import? java.io.File; import? java.io.FileOutputStream; import? java.io.IOException; public? class? DataOutputStreamDemo{ ???? public? static? void? main(String[] args)? throws? IOException{ ???????? File file =? new? File( "d:"? + File.separator +? "hello.txt" ); ???????? char [] ch = {? 'A' ,? 'B' ,? 'C'? }; ???????? DataOutputStream out =? null ; ???????? out =? new? DataOutputStream( new? FileOutputStream(file)); ???????? for ( char? temp : ch){ ???????????? out.writeChar(temp); ???????? } ???????? out.close(); ???? } } |
A B C
現(xiàn)在我們在上面例子的基礎(chǔ)上,使用DataInputStream讀出內(nèi)容
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 | import? java.io.DataInputStream; import? java.io.File; import? java.io.FileInputStream; import? java.io.IOException; public? class? DataOutputStreamDemo{ ???? public? static? void? main(String[] args)? throws? IOException{ ???????? File file =? new? File( "d:"? + File.separator +? "hello.txt" ); ???????? DataInputStream input =? new? DataInputStream( new? FileInputStream(file)); ???????? char [] ch =? new? char [ 10 ]; ???????? int? count =? 0 ; ???????? char? temp; ???????? while ((temp = input.readChar()) !=? 'C' ){ ???????????? ch[count++] = temp; ???????? } ???????? System.out.println(ch); ???? } } |
【運行結(jié)果】:
AB
合并流?SequenceInputStream
SequenceInputStream主要用來將2個流合并在一起,比如將兩個txt中的內(nèi)容合并為另外一個txt。下面給出一個實例:
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 | import? java.io.File; import? java.io.FileInputStream; import? java.io.FileOutputStream; import? java.io.IOException; import? java.io.InputStream; import? java.io.OutputStream; import? java.io.SequenceInputStream; /** ? * 將兩個文本文件合并為另外一個文本文件 ? * */ public? class? SequenceInputStreamDemo{ ???? public? static? void? main(String[] args)? throws? IOException{ ???????? File file1 =? new? File( "d:"? + File.separator +? "hello1.txt" ); ???????? File file2 =? new? File( "d:"? + File.separator +? "hello2.txt" ); ???????? File file3 =? new? File( "d:"? + File.separator +? "hello.txt" ); ???????? InputStream input1 =? new? FileInputStream(file1); ???????? InputStream input2 =? new? FileInputStream(file2); ???????? OutputStream output =? new? FileOutputStream(file3); ???????? // 合并流 ???????? SequenceInputStream sis =? new? SequenceInputStream(input1, input2); ???????? int? temp =? 0 ; ???????? while ((temp = sis.read()) != - 1 ){ ???????????? output.write(temp); ???????? } ???????? input1.close(); ???????? input2.close(); ???????? output.close(); ???????? sis.close(); ???? } } |
【運行結(jié)果】
結(jié)果會在hello.txt文件中包含hello1.txt和hello2.txt文件中的內(nèi)容。
文件壓縮?ZipOutputStream類
先舉一個壓縮單個文件的例子吧:
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 | import? java.io.File; import? java.io.FileInputStream; import? java.io.FileOutputStream; import? java.io.IOException; import? java.io.InputStream; import? java.util.zip.ZipEntry; import? java.util.zip.ZipOutputStream; public? class? ZipOutputStreamDemo1{ ???? public? static? void? main(String[] args)? throws? IOException{ ???????? File file =? new? File( "d:"? + File.separator +? "hello.txt" ); ???????? File zipFile =? new? File( "d:"? + File.separator +? "hello.zip" ); ???????? InputStream input =? new? FileInputStream(file); ???????? ZipOutputStream zipOut =? new? ZipOutputStream( new? FileOutputStream( ???????????????? zipFile)); ???????? zipOut.putNextEntry( new? ZipEntry(file.getName())); ???????? // 設(shè)置注釋 ???????? zipOut.setComment( "hello" ); ???????? int? temp =? 0 ; ???????? while ((temp = input.read()) != - 1 ){ ???????????? zipOut.write(temp); ???????? } ???????? input.close(); ???????? zipOut.close(); ???? } } |
【運行結(jié)果】
運行結(jié)果之前,我創(chuàng)建了一個hello.txt的文件,原本大小56個字節(jié),但是壓縮之后產(chǎn)生hello.zip之后,居然變成了175個字節(jié),有點搞不懂。
不過結(jié)果肯定是正確的,我只是提出我的一個疑問而已。
上面的這個例子測試的是壓縮單個文件,下面的們來看看如何壓縮多個文件。
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 | import? java.io.File; import? java.io.FileInputStream; import? java.io.FileOutputStream; import? java.io.IOException; import? java.io.InputStream; import? java.util.zip.ZipEntry; import? java.util.zip.ZipOutputStream; /** ? * 一次性壓縮多個文件 ? * */ public? class? ZipOutputStreamDemo2{ ???? public? static? void? main(String[] args)? throws? IOException{ ???????? // 要被壓縮的文件夾 ???????? File file =? new? File( "d:"? + File.separator +? "temp" ); ???????? File zipFile =? new? File( "d:"? + File.separator +? "zipFile.zip" ); ???????? InputStream input =? null ; ???????? ZipOutputStream zipOut =? new? ZipOutputStream( new? FileOutputStream( ???????????????? zipFile)); ???????? zipOut.setComment( "hello" ); ???????? if (file.isDirectory()){ ???????????? File[] files = file.listFiles(); ???????????? for ( int? i =? 0 ; i < files.length; ++i){ ???????????????? input =? new? FileInputStream(files[i]); ???????????????? zipOut.putNextEntry( new? ZipEntry(file.getName() ???????????????????????? + File.separator + files[i].getName())); ???????????????? int? temp =? 0 ; ???????????????? while ((temp = input.read()) != - 1 ){ ???????????????????? zipOut.write(temp); ???????????????? } ???????????????? input.close(); ???????????? } ???????? } ???????? zipOut.close(); ???? } } |
【運行結(jié)果】
先看看要被壓縮的文件吧:
接下來看看壓縮之后的:
大家自然想到,既然能壓縮,自然能解壓縮,在談解壓縮之前,我們會用到一個ZipFile類,先給一個這個例子吧。java中的每一個壓縮文件都是可以使用ZipFile來進(jìn)行表示的
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 | import? java.io.File; import? java.io.IOException; import? java.util.zip.ZipFile; /** ? * ZipFile演示 ? * */ public? class? ZipFileDemo{ ???? public? static? void? main(String[] args)? throws? IOException{ ???????? File file =? new? File( "d:"? + File.separator +? "hello.zip" ); ???????? ZipFile zipFile =? new? ZipFile(file); ???????? System.out.println( "壓縮文件的名稱為:"? + zipFile.getName()); ???? } } |
【運行結(jié)果】:
壓縮文件的名稱為:d:\hello.zip
?
現(xiàn)在我們呢是時候來看看如何加壓縮文件了,和之前一樣,先讓我們來解壓單個壓縮文件(也就是壓縮文件中只有一個文件的情況),我們采用前面的例子產(chǎn)生的壓縮文件hello.zip
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 | import? java.io.File; import? java.io.FileOutputStream; import? java.io.IOException; import? java.io.InputStream; import? java.io.OutputStream; import? java.util.zip.ZipEntry; import? java.util.zip.ZipFile; /** ? * 解壓縮文件(壓縮文件中只有一個文件的情況) ? * */ public? class? ZipFileDemo2{ ???? public? static? void? main(String[] args)? throws? IOException{ ???????? File file =? new? File( "d:"? + File.separator +? "hello.zip" ); ???????? File outFile =? new? File( "d:"? + File.separator +? "unZipFile.txt" ); ???????? ZipFile zipFile =? new? ZipFile(file); ???????? ZipEntry entry = zipFile.getEntry( "hello.txt" ); ???????? InputStream input = zipFile.getInputStream(entry); ???????? OutputStream output =? new? FileOutputStream(outFile); ???????? int? temp =? 0 ; ???????? while ((temp = input.read()) != - 1 ){ ???????????? output.write(temp); ???????? } ???????? input.close(); ???????? output.close(); ???? } } |
【運行結(jié)果】:
解壓縮之前:
這個壓縮文件還是175字節(jié)
解壓之后產(chǎn)生:
又回到了56字節(jié),表示郁悶。
?
現(xiàn)在讓我們來解壓一個壓縮文件中包含多個文件的情況吧
ZipInputStream類
當(dāng)我們需要解壓縮多個文件的時候,ZipEntry就無法使用了,如果想操作更加復(fù)雜的壓縮文件,我們就必須使用ZipInputStream類
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 | import? java.io.File; import? java.io.FileInputStream; import? java.io.FileOutputStream; import? java.io.IOException; import? java.io.InputStream; import? java.io.OutputStream; import? java.util.zip.ZipEntry; import? java.util.zip.ZipFile; import? java.util.zip.ZipInputStream; /** ? * 解壓縮一個壓縮文件中包含多個文件的情況 ? * */ public? class? ZipFileDemo3{ ???? public? static? void? main(String[] args)? throws? IOException{ ???????? File file =? new? File( "d:"? + File.separator +? "zipFile.zip" ); ???????? File outFile =? null ; ???????? ZipFile zipFile =? new? ZipFile(file); ???????? ZipInputStream zipInput =? new? ZipInputStream( new? FileInputStream(file)); ???????? ZipEntry entry =? null ; ???????? InputStream input =? null ; ???????? OutputStream output =? null ; ???????? while ((entry = zipInput.getNextEntry()) !=? null ){ ???????????? System.out.println( "解壓縮"? + entry.getName() +? "文件" ); ???????????? outFile =? new? File( "d:"? + File.separator + entry.getName()); ???????????? if (!outFile.getParentFile().exists()){ ???????????????? outFile.getParentFile().mkdir(); ???????????? } ???????????? if (!outFile.exists()){ ???????????????? outFile.createNewFile(); ???????????? } ???????????? input = zipFile.getInputStream(entry); ???????????? output =? new? FileOutputStream(outFile); ???????????? int? temp =? 0 ; ???????????? while ((temp = input.read()) != - 1 ){ ???????????????? output.write(temp); ???????????? } ???????????? input.close(); ???????????? output.close(); ???????? } ???? } } |
【運行結(jié)果】:
被解壓的文件:
解壓之后再D盤下會出現(xiàn)一個temp文件夾,里面內(nèi)容:
PushBackInputStream回退流
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 | import? java.io.ByteArrayInputStream; import? java.io.IOException; import? java.io.PushbackInputStream; /** ? * 回退流操作 ? * */ public? class? PushBackInputStreamDemo{ ???? public? static? void? main(String[] args)? throws? IOException{ ???????? String str =? "hello,rollenholt" ; ???????? PushbackInputStream push =? null ; ???????? ByteArrayInputStream bat =? null ; ???????? bat =? new? ByteArrayInputStream(str.getBytes()); ???????? push =? new? PushbackInputStream(bat); ???????? int? temp =? 0 ; ???????? while ((temp = push.read()) != - 1 ){ ???????????? if (temp ==? ',' ){ ???????????????? push.unread(temp); ???????????????? temp = push.read(); ???????????????? System.out.print( "(回退"? + ( char ) temp +? ") " ); ???????????? } else { ???????????????? System.out.print(( char ) temp); ???????????? } ???????? } ???? } } |
【運行結(jié)果】:
hello(回退,) rollenholt
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 | /** ? * 取得本地的默認(rèn)編碼 ? * */ public? class? CharSetDemo{ ???? public? static? void? main(String[] args){ ???????? System.out.println( "系統(tǒng)默認(rèn)編碼為:"? + System.getProperty( "file.encoding" )); ???? } } |
【運行結(jié)果】:
系統(tǒng)默認(rèn)編碼為:GBK
?
亂碼的產(chǎn)生:
| import? java.io.File; import? java.io.FileOutputStream; import? java.io.IOException; import? java.io.OutputStream; /** ? * 亂碼的產(chǎn)生 ? * */ public? class? CharSetDemo2{ ???? public? static? void? main(String[] args)? throws? IOException{ ???????? File file =? new? File( "d:"? + File.separator +? "hello.txt" ); ???????? OutputStream out =? new? FileOutputStream(file); ???????? byte [] bytes =? "你好" .getBytes( "ISO8859-1" ); ???????? out.write(bytes); ???????? out.close(); ???? } } |
【運行結(jié)果】:
??
?
一般情況下產(chǎn)生亂碼,都是由于編碼不一致的問題。
對象的序列化
對象序列化就是把一個對象變?yōu)槎M(jìn)制數(shù)據(jù)流的一種方法。
一個類要想被序列化,就行必須實現(xiàn)java.io.Serializable接口。雖然這個接口中沒有任何方法,就如同之前的cloneable接口一樣。實現(xiàn)了這個接口之后,就表示這個類具有被序列化的能力。
先讓我們實現(xiàn)一個具有序列化能力的類吧:
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 | import? java.io.*; /** ? * 實現(xiàn)具有序列化能力的類 ? * */ public? class? SerializableDemo? implements? Serializable{ ???? public? SerializableDemo(){ ????????? ???? } ???? public? SerializableDemo(String name,? int? age){ ???????? this .name=name; ???????? this .age=age; ???? } ???? @Override ???? public? String toString(){ ???????? return? "姓名:" +name+ "? 年齡:" +age; ???? } ???? private? String name; ???? private? int? age; } |
這個類就具有實現(xiàn)序列化能力,
在繼續(xù)將序列化之前,先將一下ObjectInputStream和ObjectOutputStream這兩個類
先給一個ObjectOutputStream的例子吧:
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 | import? java.io.Serializable; import? java.io.File; import? java.io.FileOutputStream; import? java.io.IOException; import? java.io.ObjectOutputStream; /** ? * 實現(xiàn)具有序列化能力的類 ? * */ public? class? Person? implements? Serializable{ ???? public? Person(){ ???? } ???? public? Person(String name,? int? age){ ???????? this .name = name; ???????? this .age = age; ???? } ???? @Override ???? public? String toString(){ ???????? return? "姓名:"? + name +? "? 年齡:"? + age; ???? } ???? private? String name; ???? private? int? age; } /** ? * 示范ObjectOutputStream ? * */ public? class? ObjectOutputStreamDemo{ ???? public? static? void? main(String[] args)? throws? IOException{ ???????? File file =? new? File( "d:"? + File.separator +? "hello.txt" ); ???????? ObjectOutputStream oos =? new? ObjectOutputStream( new? FileOutputStream( ???????????????? file)); ???????? oos.writeObject( new? Person( "rollen" ,? 20 )); ???????? oos.close(); ???? } } |
【運行結(jié)果】:
當(dāng)我們查看產(chǎn)生的hello.txt的時候,看到的是亂碼,呵呵。因為是二進(jìn)制文件。
雖然我們不能直接查看里面的內(nèi)容,但是我們可以使用ObjectInputStream類查看:
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 | import? java.io.File; import? java.io.FileInputStream; import? java.io.ObjectInputStream; /** ? * ObjectInputStream示范 ? * */ public? class? ObjectInputStreamDemo{ ???? public? static? void? main(String[] args)? throws? Exception{ ???????? File file =? new? File( "d:"? + File.separator +? "hello.txt" ); ???????? ObjectInputStream input =? new? ObjectInputStream( new? FileInputStream( ???????????????? file)); ???????? Object obj = input.readObject(); ???????? input.close(); ???????? System.out.println(obj); ???? } } |
【運行結(jié)果】
姓名:rollen??年齡:20
?
到底序列化什么內(nèi)容呢?
其實只有屬性會被序列化。
Externalizable接口
被Serializable接口聲明的類的對象的屬性都將被序列化,但是如果想自定義序列化的內(nèi)容的時候,就需要實現(xiàn)Externalizable接口。
當(dāng)一個類要使用Externalizable這個接口的時候,這個類中必須要有一個無參的構(gòu)造函數(shù),如果沒有的話,在構(gòu)造的時候會產(chǎn)生異常,這是因為在反序列話的時候會默認(rèn)調(diào)用無參的構(gòu)造函數(shù)。
現(xiàn)在我們來演示一下序列化和反序列話:
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 | package? IO; import? java.io.Externalizable; import? java.io.File; import? java.io.FileInputStream; import? java.io.FileOutputStream; import? java.io.IOException; import? java.io.ObjectInput; import? java.io.ObjectInputStream; import? java.io.ObjectOutput; import? java.io.ObjectOutputStream; /** ? * 序列化和反序列化的操作 ? * */ public? class? ExternalizableDemo{ ???? public? static? void? main(String[] args)? throws? Exception{ ???????? ser();? // 序列化 ???????? dser();? // 反序列話 ???? } ???? public? static? void? ser()? throws? Exception{ ???????? File file =? new? File( "d:"? + File.separator +? "hello.txt" ); ???????? ObjectOutputStream out =? new? ObjectOutputStream( new? FileOutputStream( ???????????????? file)); ???????? out.writeObject( new? Person( "rollen" ,? 20 )); ???????? out.close(); ???? } ???? public? static? void? dser()? throws? Exception{ ???????? File file =? new? File( "d:"? + File.separator +? "hello.txt" ); ???????? ObjectInputStream input =? new? ObjectInputStream( new? FileInputStream( ???????????????? file)); ???????? Object obj = input.readObject(); ???????? input.close(); ???????? System.out.println(obj); ???? } } class? Person? implements? Externalizable{ ???? public? Person(){ ???? } ???? public? Person(String name,? int? age){ ???????? this .name = name; ???????? this .age = age; ???? } ???? @Override ???? public? String toString(){ ???????? return? "姓名:"? + name +? "? 年齡:"? + age; ???? } ???? // 復(fù)寫這個方法,根據(jù)需要可以保存的屬性或者具體內(nèi)容,在序列化的時候使用 ???? @Override ???? public? void? writeExternal(ObjectOutput out)? throws? IOException{ ???????? out.writeObject( this .name); ???????? out.writeInt(age); ???? } ???? // 復(fù)寫這個方法,根據(jù)需要讀取內(nèi)容 反序列話的時候需要 ???? @Override ???? public? void? readExternal(ObjectInput in)? throws? IOException, ???????????? ClassNotFoundException{ ???????? this .name = (String) in.readObject(); ???????? this .age = in.readInt(); ???? } ???? private? String name; ???? private? int? age; } |
【運行結(jié)果】:
姓名:rollen??年齡:20
本例中,我們將全部的屬性都保留了下來,
Serializable接口實現(xiàn)的操作其實是吧一個對象中的全部屬性進(jìn)行序列化,當(dāng)然也可以使用我們上使用是Externalizable接口以實現(xiàn)部分屬性的序列化,但是這樣的操作比較麻煩,
當(dāng)我們使用Serializable接口實現(xiàn)序列化操作的時候,如果一個對象的某一個屬性不想被序列化保存下來,那么我們可以使用transient關(guān)鍵字進(jìn)行說明:
下面舉一個例子:
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 | package? IO; import? java.io.File; import? java.io.FileInputStream; import? java.io.FileOutputStream; import? java.io.ObjectInputStream; import? java.io.ObjectOutputStream; import? java.io.Serializable; /** ? * 序列化和反序列化的操作 ? * */ public? class? serDemo{ ???? public? static? void? main(String[] args)? throws? Exception{ ???????? ser();? // 序列化 ???????? dser();? // 反序列話 ???? } ???? public? static? void? ser()? throws? Exception{ ???????? File file =? new? File( "d:"? + File.separator +? "hello.txt" ); ???????? ObjectOutputStream out =? new? ObjectOutputStream( new? FileOutputStream( ???????????????? file)); ???????? out.writeObject( new? Person1( "rollen" ,? 20 )); ???????? out.close(); ???? } ???? public? static? void? dser()? throws? Exception{ ???????? File file =? new? File( "d:"? + File.separator +? "hello.txt" ); ???????? ObjectInputStream input =? new? ObjectInputStream( new? FileInputStream( ???????????????? file)); ???????? Object obj = input.readObject(); ???????? input.close(); ???????? System.out.println(obj); ???? } } class? Person1? implements? Serializable{ ???? public? Person1(){ ???? } ???? public? Person1(String name,? int? age){ ???????? this .name = name; ???????? this .age = age; ???? } ???? @Override ???? public? String toString(){ ???????? return? "姓名:"? + name +? "? 年齡:"? + age; ???? } ???? // 注意這里 ???? private? transient? String name; ???? private? int? age; } |
【運行結(jié)果】:
姓名:null??年齡:20
最后在給一個序列化一組對象的例子吧:
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 | import? java.io.File; import? java.io.FileInputStream; import? java.io.FileOutputStream; import? java.io.ObjectInputStream; import? java.io.ObjectOutputStream; import? java.io.Serializable; /** ? * 序列化一組對象 ? * */ public? class? SerDemo1{ ???? public? static? void? main(String[] args)? throws? Exception{ ???????? Student[] stu = {? new? Student( "hello" ,? 20 ),? new? Student( "world" ,? 30 ), ???????????????? new? Student( "rollen" ,? 40 ) }; ???????? ser(stu); ???????? Object[] obj = dser(); ???????? for ( int? i =? 0 ; i < obj.length; ++i){ ???????????? Student s = (Student) obj[i]; ???????????? System.out.println(s); ???????? } ???? } ???? // 序列化 ???? public? static? void? ser(Object[] obj)? throws? Exception{ ???????? File file =? new? File( "d:"? + File.separator +? "hello.txt" ); ???????? ObjectOutputStream out =? new? ObjectOutputStream( new? FileOutputStream( ???????????????? file)); ???????? out.writeObject(obj); ???????? out.close(); ???? } ???? // 反序列化 ???? public? static? Object[] dser()? throws? Exception{ ???????? File file =? new? File( "d:"? + File.separator +? "hello.txt" ); ???????? ObjectInputStream input =? new? ObjectInputStream( new? FileInputStream( ???????????????? file)); ???????? Object[] obj = (Object[]) input.readObject(); ???????? input.close(); ???????? return? obj; ???? } } class? Student? implements? Serializable{ ???? public? Student(){ ???? } ???? public? Student(String name,? int? age){ ???????? this .name = name; ???????? this .age = age; ???? } ???? @Override ???? public? String toString(){ ???????? return? "姓名:? "? + name +? "? 年齡:"? + age; ???? } ???? private? String name; ???? private? int? age; } |
【運行結(jié)果】:
姓名:??hello??年齡:20
姓名:??world??年齡:30
姓名:??rollen??年齡:40
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