簡要步驟

如果掛載點(diǎn)目錄尚不存在，請(qǐng)創(chuàng)建該目錄。
掛載 CD-ROM 驅(qū)動(dòng)器。
轉(zhuǎn)到工作目錄，例如 /tmp
解壓縮安裝程序。
運(yùn)行安裝程序，配置 VMware Tools

root@heion:/dev# mkdir /mnt/cdrom mkdir: 無法創(chuàng)建目錄 “/mnt/cdrom”: 文件已存在 root@heion:/dev# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom mount: /mnt/cdrom: WARNING: device write-protected, mounted read-only. root@heion:/dev# cd /mnt/cdrom/ root@heion:/mnt/cdrom# ls manifest.txt VMwareTools-10.3.10-62.tar.gz vmware-tools-upgrader-64 run_upgrader.sh vmware-tools-upgrader-32 root@heion:/mnt/cdrom# cd /tmp/ root@heion:/tmp# tar zxpf /mnt/cdrom/VMwareTools-10.3.10-13959562.tar.gz root@heion:/tmp# cd vmware-tools-distrib/ root@heion:/tmp/vmware-tools-distrib# ls bin caf doc etc FILES INSTALL installer lib vgauth vmware-install.pl root@heion:/tmp/vmware-tools-distrib# ./vmware-install.pl Setup is unable to find the "depmod" program on your machine. Please make sure it is installed. Do you want to specify the location of this program by hand? [yes] Use of uninitialized value $gOption{"default"} in numeric eq (==) at ./vmware-install.pl line 866. ^C root@heion:/tmp/vmware-tools-distrib# exit

安裝

zzyy@heion:/tmp/vmware-tools-distrib$ sudo ./vmware-install.pl [sudo] zzyy 的密碼： open-vm-tools packages are available from the OS vendor and VMware recommends using open-vm-tools packages. See http://kb.vmware.com/kb/2073803 for more information. Do you still want to proceed with this installation? [no] yes 是否仍要繼續(xù)此安裝 INPUT: [yes] Creating a new VMware Tools installer database using the tar4 format. 使用tar4格式創(chuàng)建新的VMware Tools安裝程序數(shù)據(jù)庫 Installing VMware Tools. In which directory do you want to install the binary files? 您希望在哪個(gè)目錄中安裝二進(jìn)制文件 [/usr/bin] INPUT: [/usr/bin] default What is the directory that contains the init directories (rc0.d/ to rc6.d/)? 包含init目錄的目錄是什么 [/etc] INPUT: [/etc] default What is the directory that contains the init scripts? 包含初始化腳本的目錄是什么 [/etc/init.d] INPUT: [/etc/init.d] default In which directory do you want to install the daemon files? 您希望在哪個(gè)目錄中安裝守護(hù)程序文件 [/usr/sbin] INPUT: [/usr/sbin] default In which directory do you want to install the library files? 要在哪個(gè)目錄中安裝庫文件 [/usr/lib/vmware-tools] INPUT: [/usr/lib/vmware-tools] default The path "/usr/lib/vmware-tools" does not exist currently. This program is going to create it, including needed parent directories. Is this what you want? [yes] INPUT: [yes] default In which directory do you want to install the common agent library files? 要在哪個(gè)目錄中安裝公共代理庫文件 [/usr/lib] INPUT: [/usr/lib] default In which directory do you want to install the common agent transient files? 要在哪個(gè)目錄中安裝公共代理瞬態(tài)文件 [/var/lib] INPUT: [/var/lib] default In which directory do you want to install the documentation files? 您希望在哪個(gè)目錄中安裝文檔文件 [/usr/share/doc/vmware-tools] INPUT: [/usr/share/doc/vmware-tools] default The path "/usr/share/doc/vmware-tools" does not exist currently. This program is going to create it, including needed parent directories. Is this what you want? [yes] INPUT: [yes] default The installation of VMware Tools 10.3.10 build-13959562 for Linux completed successfully. You can decide to remove this software from your system at any time by invoking the following command: "/usr/bin/vmware-uninstall-tools.pl". Before running VMware Tools for the first time, you need to configure it by invoking the following command: "/usr/bin/vmware-config-tools.pl". Do you want this program to invoke the command for you now? [yes] INPUT: [yes] default Initializing... Making sure services for VMware Tools are stopped. 確保VMware工具的服務(wù)已停止 Stopping VMware Tools services in the virtual machine: Guest operating system daemon: done VMware User Agent (vmware-user): done Unmounting HGFS shares: done Guest filesystem driver: done The module vmci has already been installed on this system by another installer or package and will not be modified by this installer. The module vsock has already been installed on this system by another installer or package and will not be modified by this installer. The module vmxnet3 has already been installed on this system by another installer or package and will not be modified by this installer. The module pvscsi has already been installed on this system by another installer or package and will not be modified by this installer. The module vmmemctl has already been installed on this system by another installer or package and will not be modified by this installer. The VMware Host-Guest Filesystem allows for shared folders between the host OS and the guest OS in a Fusion or Workstation virtual environment. Do you wish to enable this feature? [yes] INPUT: [yes] default WARNING: It appears your system does not have the required FUSE packages installed. The VMware Host-Guest filesystem requires the fuse packages and its libraries to function properly. Please install the FUSE or fuse-utils package using your systems package management utility and re-run this script in order to enable the VMware Host-Guest filesystem. The vmxnet driver is no longer supported on kernels 3.3 and greater. Please upgrade to a newer virtual NIC. (e.g., vmxnet3 or e1000e) The vmblock enables dragging or copying files between host and guest in a Fusion or Workstation virtual environment. Do you wish to enable this feature? vmblock允許在Fusion或工作站虛擬環(huán)境中的主機(jī)和來賓之間拖動(dòng)或復(fù)制文件。是否要啟用此功能 [yes] INPUT: [yes] default NOTICE: It appears your system does not have the required fuse packages installed. The VMware blocking filesystem requires the fuse packages and its libraries to function properly. Please install the fuse or fuse-utils package using your systems package management utility and re-run this script in order to enable the VMware blocking filesystem. Skipping configuring automatic kernel modules as no drivers were installed by this installer. 正在跳過配置自動(dòng)內(nèi)核模塊，因?yàn)榇税惭b程序未安裝驅(qū)動(dòng)程序 Do you want to enable Guest Authentication (vgauth)? Enabling vgauth is needed if you want to enable Common Agent (caf). [yes] 是否要啟用來賓身份驗(yàn)證（vgauth）？如果要啟用公共代理，則需要啟用vgauth INPUT: [yes] default Do you want to enable Common Agent (caf)? [no] 是否要啟用公共代理 INPUT: [no] default No X install found. Skipping rebuilding initrd boot image for kernel as no drivers to be included in boot image were installed by this installer. Generating the key and certificate files. Successfully generated the key and certificate files. The configuration of VMware Tools 10.3.10 build-13959562 for Linux for this running kernel completed successfully. You must restart your X session before any mouse or graphics changes take effect. To enable advanced X features (e.g., guest resolution fit, drag and drop, and file and text copy/paste), you will need to do one (or more) of the following: 1. Manually start /usr/bin/vmware-user 2. Log out and log back into your desktop session 3. Restart your X session. Found VMware Tools CDROM mounted at /mnt/cdrom. Ejecting device /dev/sr0 ... Enjoy, --the VMware team zzyy@heion:/tmp/vmware-tools-distrib$

debain 10 命令行安裝vmtools

建議您在 Linux 虛擬機(jī)中使用 Open VM Tools。

有關(guān) Open VM Tools 支持的 Linux 發(fā)行版的詳細(xì)信息，請(qǐng)參見 https://github.com/vmware/open-vm-tools/blob/master/README.md 和《VMware 兼容性指南》（網(wǎng)址為 https://www.vmware.com/resources/compatibility/search.php）。

在版本 10.3.10 中停止提供適用于 Linux 虛擬機(jī)的 VMware Tar 工具的功能，因此 Workstation Pro 中包含的 tar 工具 (linux.iso) 是 10.3.10，且不會(huì)進(jìn)行更新。由于此更改，系統(tǒng)為以下 Linux 虛擬機(jī)禁用了 安裝/更新/重新安裝 VMware Tools 菜單：

• tar 工具尚未正式支持現(xiàn)代的 Linux 發(fā)行版。
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 及更高版本。
  • CentOS 8 及更高版本。
  • Oracle Linux 8 及更高版本。
  • SUSE Linux Enterprise 15 及更高版本。
• Linux 內(nèi)核版本為 4.0 或更高版本，并且安裝的 Open VM Tools 版本為 10.0.0 或更高版本。
• Linux 內(nèi)核版本為 3.10 或更高版本，并且安裝的 Open VM Tools 版本為 10.3.0 或更高版本。

對(duì)于安裝了 Open VM Tools 但不在上述范圍內(nèi)的 Linux 虛擬機(jī)，將啟用安裝/更新/重新安裝 VMware Tools 菜單，以便您可以在 Open VM Tools 上安裝捆綁的 tar 工具以獲得共享文件夾 (HGFS) 功能支持。

對(duì)于 Open VM Tools 不支持的舊版 Linux 虛擬機(jī)，請(qǐng)執(zhí)行以下步驟來安裝 tar 工具。

前提條件

• 開啟虛擬機(jī)。
• 確認(rèn)客戶機(jī)操作系統(tǒng)正在運(yùn)行。
• 因?yàn)?VMware Tools 安裝程序是使用 Perl 編寫的，請(qǐng)確認(rèn)已在客戶機(jī)操作系統(tǒng)中安裝 Perl。

過程

在主機(jī)上，從 Workstation Pro 菜單欄中選擇虛擬機(jī) > 安裝 VMware Tools。

如果安裝了早期版本的 VMware Tools，則菜單項(xiàng)是 更新 VMware Tools。

在虛擬機(jī)中，打開終端窗口。

運(yùn)行不帶參數(shù)的 mount 命令，以確定 Linux 發(fā)行版是否已自動(dòng)掛載 VMware Tools 虛擬 CD-ROM 映像。

如果已掛載 CD-ROM 設(shè)備，則將采用類似于以下輸出的形式列出 CD-ROM 設(shè)備及其掛載點(diǎn)：

/dev/cdrom on /mnt/cdrom type iso9660 (ro,nosuid,nodev)

如果未掛載 VMware Tools 虛擬 CD-ROM 映像，請(qǐng)掛載 CD-ROM 驅(qū)動(dòng)器。

如果掛載點(diǎn)目錄尚不存在，請(qǐng)創(chuàng)建該目錄。

mkdir /mnt/cdrom

某些 Linux 發(fā)行版使用不同的掛載點(diǎn)名稱。例如，一些發(fā)行版的掛載點(diǎn)是 /media/VMware Tools，而不是 /mnt/cdrom。修改該命令以反映您的發(fā)行版所使用的約定。

掛載 CD-ROM 驅(qū)動(dòng)器。

mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom

某些 Linux 發(fā)行版使用不同的設(shè)備名稱或采取不同的方式組織 /dev 目錄。如果 CD-ROM 驅(qū)動(dòng)器不是 /dev/cdrom，或者如果 CD-ROM 的掛載點(diǎn)不是 /mnt/cdrom，請(qǐng)修改該命令以反映您的發(fā)行版所使用的約定。

轉(zhuǎn)到工作目錄，例如 /tmp。

cd /tmp

（可選）在安裝 VMware Tools 之前，刪除以前的任何 vmware-tools-distrib 目錄。

此目錄的位置取決于在先前安裝期間指定的位置。通常情況下，此目錄位于 /tmp/vmware-tools-distrib 中。

列出掛載點(diǎn)目錄的內(nèi)容，并記下 VMware Tools tar 安裝程序的文件名。

ls mount-point

解壓縮安裝程序。

tar zxpf /mnt/cdrom/VMwareTools-x.x.x-yyyy.tar.gz

值 x.x.x 是產(chǎn)品版本號(hào)，yyyy 是產(chǎn)品版本的內(nèi)部版本號(hào)。

如有必要，請(qǐng)卸載 CD-ROM 映像。

umount /dev/cdrom

如果 Linux 發(fā)行版已自動(dòng)掛載 CD-ROM，則不需要卸載該映像。

運(yùn)行安裝程序并以 root 用戶身份配置 VMware Tools。

cd vmware-tools-distrib sudo ./vmware-install.pl

通常，在安裝程序文件結(jié)束運(yùn)行后，將運(yùn)行 vmware-config-tools.pl 配置文件。如果嘗試在 RPM 安裝的基礎(chǔ)上執(zhí)行 tar 安裝，或者在 tar 安裝的基礎(chǔ)上執(zhí)行 RPM 安裝，安裝程序?qū)z測(cè)到先前的安裝，并且必須轉(zhuǎn)換安裝程序數(shù)據(jù)庫格式，然后才能繼續(xù)。

**注：**對(duì)于較新的 Linux 發(fā)行版，系統(tǒng)會(huì)提示用戶選擇集成的 open-vm-tools。

參考

用戶不在sudoers文件中的解決方法
在 Linux 虛擬機(jī)中手動(dòng)安裝 VMware Tools

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