阿尔茨海默症调研
老年癡呆類型
一、阿爾茨海默癥(Alzheimer)的癡呆，是最常見的癡呆，目前病因還不是非常清楚，患者癡呆的程度是逐漸進展，額顳葉的慢性過程。
二、精神內分泌疾病引發的腦癡呆，例如甲亢、焦慮、抑郁、精神刺激或者藥物中毒等引起的老年癡呆病癥。
三、血管性癡呆，因為腦血管病反復出現的腦出血、腦梗塞以及腦梗死等，都可以導致腦血管病的后遺癥，出現認知功能下降等老年癡呆的癥狀。
四、單純性癡呆，隨著患者的年齡的增長，機體各方面器官功能逐漸減退，從而出現癡呆的癥狀。
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阿爾茨海默癥(Alzheimer's disease)
①β蛋白
②τ蛋白
根據國外的發展：Current?treatment?approaches?focus?on?maintaining?the?mental?function,?managing?behavioral?symptoms,?and?slow?or?delay?the?disease?progression.（也就是說只能控制和延緩）
阿爾茨海默癥被認為是由β-amyloid淀粉樣蛋白的累積引起的，這種蛋白累積誘導神經元蛋白τ聚集，繼而發生神經退行性病變。
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預防
The recommendation is 30 minutes of moderately vigorous aerobic exercise, three to four days per week.(每周保持有氧運動)[5]
?A combination of 15 μM trans-chalcone and 8 μM baicalein was found to be the most synergistic combination[7](反式查爾酮+黃岑可以減少阿爾茨海默癥中Aβ42導致的氧化損傷)
By using a specific inhibitor of the 1,25 D3-vitamin D( 維生素D3) receptor, the researchers2?were able to show that phagocytosis of amyloid beta in patients with type I and type II macrophages was dependent on 1,25 D3[8]
Curcuminoids(姜黃素) have been reported to have neuroprotective effects in other papers.[8]
In that recent paper, curcuminoids (curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin) promoted neurite outgrowth from PC12 cells (a rat pheochromocytoma cell line) via complex signaling involving MAPK/ERKand PKC-dependent pathways.[8](在最近的論文中，姜黃素類物質（姜黃素、去甲氧基姜黃素和雙去甲氧基姜黃素）通過涉及MAPK/ERK和PKC依賴途徑的復雜信號傳導促進PC12細胞（大鼠嗜鉻細胞瘤細胞系）的神經軸突生長。)
For example, a recent papera reported on an FDA approved drug (Bexarotene?) that was able to reduce Abeta plaque area in a mouse model of AD by more than 50% within just 72 hours[8](Bexarotene?在72小時內能減少50%以上的Aβ蛋白)
Scientists found that when they added the compounds -- called advanced glycation end products (AGEs) -- to the lifelong diets of laboratory mice, the animals developed greater amounts of beta-amyloid in the brain.[9](AGES產物有利于粥樣蛋白的產生)
Sleep deprivation increases Alzheimer’s protein[11]（睡眠不足會導致粥樣蛋白加速生成）
In other research, scientists have identified ways that essential omega-3 fatty acid -- docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or fish oil -- can help prevent Alzheimer's.
"Not only does caffeine appear to offer promise as an effective treatment against Alzheimer's, but our prior work has determined that the same daily amount of caffeine protects Alzheimer's mice from even getting memory impairment to begin with, when caffeine treatment is started in young adulthood(咖啡有助于逆轉阿爾茨海默癥)[12]
Copper adheres strongly to amyloid and may promote its accumulation and toxicity. The accumulation of copper in brain blood vessels over a long period may reduce carrier protein levels and contribute to toxic amyloid accumulation in the brain, which consequently kills brain cells, as seen in Alzheimer's.（銅有助于加重阿爾茨海默癥）[12]
No one diet is best. Two diets that have been studied and may be beneficial to lowering the risk of Alzheimer's are the DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet and the Mediterranean diet.(沒有最佳飲食，目前研究過有助于阿爾茨海默癥的是DASH飲食和地中海飲食)[17]
In other research, scientists have identified ways that essential omega-3 fatty acid -- docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or fish oil -- can help prevent Alzheimer's. This substance is found in fatty fish like salmon.
"Our study shows that the memory impairment of aged Alzheimer's mice was completely reversed by giving them caffeine, the human equivalent of five daily cups of coffee, in their drinking water," Arendash says. In addition, evidence of Alzheimer's in the brains of mice given caffeine was found to be substantially decreased, indicating that caffeine has a direct effect on the Alzheimer's disease process and is not simply masking symptoms. On the basis of these studies in Alzheimer's mice, the Byrd Alzheimer's Institute has begun Phase II clinical trials with caffeine in aged humans.(咖啡因對大腦有直接影響)
①充足的睡眠
②側臥
③減少銅攝入量
④頭腦風暴（多思考）
⑤維生素D3
⑥姜黃素
⑦OMEGA-3攝入
上述內容來自[19]
Research in 2015 from Washington University in St. Louis shows that older people take longer to get rid of beta amyloid proteins from their brains, with people aged in the 30s taking around four hours to clear half the beta amyloid protein while those aged over 80 take more than 10 hours. When beta amyloid is not shifted from the brain it clumps and disrupts brain function.[19](30歲的人需要4個小時來清理一半數量的β蛋白)
Curcumin is a component in turmeric, the spice that is used to flavor and color curry, and scientists have shown that it can help your immune system clear beta amyloid protein from the brain. Curcumin is known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, according to a 2006 study from the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, and in the test tube curcumin improved the removal of amyloid protein by immune cells in 50 percent of patients suffering from Alzheimer’s disease.?
Another study from the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA in 2013 reveals how omega 3 fatty acids help boost the immune system to clear the brain of beta amyloid protein.[19](姜黃素和omega3DHA（二十二碳六烯酸）有助于大腦去除β蛋白)
In addition to preventing the toxicity of beta-amyloid to brain cells, rosmarinic acid(迷迭香酸) has also been found to both inhibit the formation of beta-amyloid AND destabilize and dissolve beta-amyloid fibrils that have already formed. These results were so impressive that the researchers concluded that rosmarinic acid “could be a key molecule for the development of therapeutics for Alzheimer’s disease.”15
Another recent study also showed that rosmarinic acid exerts a calming effect on the mind while supporting short and long term memory.16
This is an added bonus for anybody.[20]
A study published in the May 2004 issue of the Journal of Neuroinflammation reported that brain cells pre-treated with ginkgo extract and then exposed to beta-amyloid protein were resistant to the toxic effects of beta-amyloid and survived without damage.
A study at Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C., found that nerve cells exposed to beta-amyloid displayed free radical production, and cellular death. On the other hand, after they had been pre-treated with ginkgo biloba extract, free radical production, and cellular damage and death were all inhibited.
Likewise, a study at the University of Southern Mississippi found that brain cells treated with ginkgo biloba extract were resistant to the damaging effects of beta-amyloid.(銀杏提取物能讓腦細胞對β蛋白的毒性具備抵抗力)
What happens to the brain of a person with Alzheimer’s?
The brain is made up of 100 billion neurons. In the Alzheimer’s brain, neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques disable the cell’s ability to communicate. These plaques contain beta-amyloid, a protein that releases free radicals, or highly reactive molecules that can cause damage to cells through a process called oxidation. These free radicals are believed to lower levels of acetylcholine (a brain chemical that helps transmit impulses in the nervous system) and damage brain tissue, bringing on the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease.（自由基會降低乙酰膽堿的水平，從而影響大腦）
Since numerous studies have shown that ginkgo biloba extract has a beneficial effect on Alzheimer’s disease, its effect on the exposure of brain cells to beta-amyloid protein has also been investigated, and the results are very promising. A study published in the May 2004 issue of the Journal of Neuroinflammation reported that brain cells pre-treated with ginkgo extract and then exposed to beta-amyloid protein were resistant to the toxic effects of beta-amyloid and survived without damage.
RED GINSENG EXTRACT
Also called panax ginseng, red ginseng is an adaptogen—an herb used to help individuals cope with physical and emotional stress—and is the most commonly used Asian ginseng. Thousands of studies have demonstrated that ginseng supports a myriad of health concerns ranging from maintaining normal glucose levels to stimulating immune function. Red ginseng extract has also been found to benefit cognitive function. Two ginseng phytochemicals in particular—ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg1—have demonstrated the ability to improve memory in Alzheimer’s disease-model mice, both in vivo and in vitro.20
?
A study at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, focused on the effects of a combination of ginseng and ginkgo extracts on the brain neurotransmitter acetylcholine in laboratory animals, whose brains had been injected with beta-amyloid. Therapeutic strategies in Alzheimer’s disease are largely aimed at increasing available acetylcholine.（銀杏提取物和紅參提取物能提高乙酰膽堿的水平）
Recent Japanese studies even showed that in addition to improving memory, the ginseng extracts were able to regenerate brain axons and synapses in laboratory animals. This is highly significant because these brain cells are typically destroyed by Alzheimer’(日本最近的研究甚至表明，人參提取物除了能改善記憶外，還能在實驗動物體內再生腦軸突和突觸。這一點非常重要，因為這些腦細胞通常會被阿爾茨海默氏癥破壞)
This may help to explain why the incidence of Alzheimer’s disease is much lower in India than in the West.
In fact, according to an on-line BBC article called “Curry May Slow Alzheimer’s” (Nov. 21, 2001),32 previous studies have found that Alzheimer’s affects just 1% of people over the age of 65 living in some Indian villages.
Curcumin got a lot of press coverage a couple of years ago when researchers at the University of California at Los Angeles announced that it reduced Alzheimer’s-like brain changes in mice that were injected with beta-amyloid to create conditions like those that exist in patients with the disease. They found that curcumin helped to clear amyloid from the brain and that its relative lack of side effects and combined anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties could be beneficial to Alzheimer’s patients.(印度阿爾茨海默癥的得病率很低，可能取決于姜黃素和咖喱的攝入)
In two very recent studies at the Institute of Natural Medicine, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sugitani, Japan, the same Japanese researchers found an improvement in the memory of laboratory animals that had been injected with beta-amyloid. The ashwagandha also prevented a loss of axons, dendrites and synapses—all vital to normal brain function.45
Even more remarkable, in another study, animals whose brains had been severely damaged by beta-amyloid injections, the oral administration of withanolide-A derived from ashwagandha regenerated almost completely the damaged brain connections. In fact, the author’s concluded that, “Withanolide-A is therefore an important candidate for the therapeutic treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, as it is able to reconstruct neuronal networks.”
Thus, the active components of ashwagandha may actually be able to reverse damage caused beta-amyloid and regenerate vital neural connections.(ashwagandha 阿育吠陀藥物)
翻譯如下:
大腦因注射β-淀粉樣蛋白而嚴重受損的動物，口服從ashwagandha中提取的withanolide-A幾乎完全再生了受損的大腦連接。事實上，作者的結論是，“Withanolide-A因此是神經退行性疾病治療的重要候選藥物，因為它能夠重建神經網絡。”
因此，ashwagandha的活性成分實際上可能能夠逆轉β淀粉樣蛋白引起的損傷，并再生重要的神經連接
HUPERZINE(石杉堿)
Huperzine, an alkaloid extracted from a Chinese moss, Huperzia serrata, has a long history of use in traditional chinese medicine. It is showing great promise as a therapeutic treatment for Alzheimer’s disease and other memory loss disorders, and has been approved as a drug in China to treat Alzheimer’s disease and other age-associated memory impairments. In fact, clinical trials in China have demonstrated that huperzine significantly relieves memory deficits in the elderly due to Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia, without the side effects that usually accompany pharmaceutical acetylcholinesterase inhibitors.
FERULIC ACID(阿魏酸)
Ferulic acid is a phytochemical with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that is found in foods such as brown rice, wheat, oats, coffee, apples, artichokes, peanuts, oranges, and pineapple. Ferulic acid has a chemical structure that is very similar to that of curcumin.
A number of in vitro studies done in the past few years in Japan,37 Korea,41 and the United States,40 all found that it protects neuronal cells from the damaging effects of beta-amyloid.
Two other studies also showed that pre-treatment with ferulic acid protected laboratory animals that had been injected with beta-amyloid from learning and memory deficits. In a study at the Institute of Natural Medicine, Hallym University, Chunchon, South Korea, mice were allowed free access to drinking water containing ferulic acid for four weeks, before being injected with beta-amyloid. The control mice, which were injected with the beta-amyloid but did not have access to ferulic acid, exhibited impaired performance on memory and behavior tests, whereas, the mice treated with ferulic acid were protected from the decrease in performance skills.
The scientists concluded that these results demonstrate that long-term administration of ferulic acid induces resistance to beta-amyloid toxicity in the brain, and suggest that it may be a useful preventive against Alzheimer’s disease.
（阿魏酸的化學結構與姜黃素非常相似。科學家得出結論，這些結果表明，長期服用阿魏酸可誘導大腦對β-淀粉樣蛋白毒性產生抵抗，并表明阿魏酸可能是預防阿爾茨海默病的有效藥物）
MYRICETIN(楊梅素)
Myricetin is a flavonoid that is commonly found in foods such as berries, vegetables, teas, wine, and herbs. Research has shown that myricetin has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and now, although the exact mechanism is unclear, scientists at the Kanazawa University School of Medical Science in Japan have found that myricetin also has the ability to inhibit the accumulation of beta-amyloid protein.37
Additionally, these researchers also found that like rosmarinic acid and curcumin, myricetin was extremely effective in not only preventing the build up of beta-amyloid deposits in the brain, but that it could also dissolve beta-amyloid deposits that had previously formed.
This type of therapeutic strategy is of great interest to researchers trying to develop a means of not only preventing the formation of amyloid plaques, but also removing preformed amyloid deposits.
VINPOCETINE(長春西汀)
Vinpocetine, derived from the periwinkle plant Vinca minor, is also showing a number of neuroprotective properties that may help in the treatment of Alzheimer’s and other neurodegenerative disorders in which oxidative stress is involved. It is an antioxidant and vasodilator, increasing blood flow to the brain,28 and researchers from the University of Coimbra in Portugal found that it helps prevent oxidative stress in cells treated with beta-amyloid.29
上述內容都來自于[20]
Benfotiamine(苯磷硫胺) has been beneficial in a rodent study.
? ?Powerful beneficial effects of benfotiamine on cognitive impairment and beta-amyloid deposition in amyloid precursor protein/presenilin-1 transgenic mice.
? ?Brain. 2010; Department of Neurology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
? ?Thiamine (vitamin B1)-dependent processes are critical in glucose metabolism and have been found to be impaired in brains from patients with Alzheimer's disease. However, thiamine treatment exerts little beneficial effect in these patients. Here, we tested the effect of benfotiamine, a thiamine derivative with better bioavailability than thiamine, on cognitive impairment and pathology alterations in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease, the amyloid precursor protein/presenilin-1 transgenic mouse. We show that after a chronic 8 week treatment, benfotiamine dose-dependently enhanced the spatial memory of amyloid precursor protein/presenilin-1 mice in the Morris water maze test. Furthermore, it effectively reduced both amyloid plaque numbers and phosphorylated tau levels in cortical areas of the transgenic mice brains. Unexpectedly, these effects were not mimicked by another lipophilic thiamine derivative, fursultiamine, although both benfotiamine and fursultiamine were effective in increasing the levels of free thiamine in the brain. In the animal Alzheimer's disease model, benfotiamine appears to improve the cognitive function and reduce amyloid deposition via thiamine-independent mechanisms, which are likely to include the suppression of glycogen synthase kinase-3 activities.（在這里，我們在阿爾茨海默病小鼠模型（淀粉樣前體蛋白/早老素-1轉基因小鼠）中測試了生物利用度優于硫胺素的硫胺素衍生物苯氟硫胺對認知障礙和病理改變的影響。我們在Morris水迷宮實驗中發現，經過8周的慢性治療后，苯磷硫胺劑量依賴性地增強了淀粉樣前體蛋白/早老素-1小鼠的空間記憶。此外，它有效地減少了轉基因小鼠大腦皮質區域的淀粉樣斑塊數量和磷酸化tau水平）
Carnosine(肌肽) is a potent antixodiant and could be of benefit in reducing amyloid formation.[21]
CoQ10, or coenzyme Q10, may be of benefit.(Q10)
Curcumin, an extract from turmeric, may be helpful.(姜黃素也許會有幫助)
Fish oils, including EPA and DHA omega-3 fatty acids should be considered.（魚油和omega-3）
Hypericum perforatum, known as St. John's wort(圣約翰草). In a microglial cell line pretreated with St. John's wort extract, the cell death evoked by treatment with amyloid-beta was attenuated significantly in a dose-dependent manner.
Myricetin（楊梅素）inhibits beta-amyloid fibril formation, a key problem with Alzheimer's disease.
Uncaria(鉤藤) rhynchophylla could be of benefit.
Benefit of deep sleep
People who miss a night of sleep have a buildup in their brain of beta-amyloid. This substance is linked to Alzheimer’s disease.（深度睡眠）
Neurosci Lett. 2009;?Hibifolin, a flavonol glycoside(一種黃酮醇苷), prevents beta-amyloid-induced neurotoxicity in cultured cortical neurons.[21]（該物品目前國內禁止醫用）
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治療
?patients who undergo hemodialysis maintain or show improved cognitive functions, and longer periods of hemodialysis are correlated with reduced dementia risk(血液透析對β蛋白進行過濾，來有利于大腦清除β蛋白)[6]
Bexarotene?[8]
THC(四氫大麻酚)?reduces beta amyloid proteins in human neurons [10]
Previous pre-clinical studies have shown that administration of THC at 3mg/kg per day for four weeks lead to a reduction in A? plaques and preservation of neurons. Additionally, according to research in human dementia patients, administration of synthetic THC analog, dronabinol (2.5mg) daily for two weeks improved neuropsychiatric profiles for agitation and aberrant motor and night time behaviours.(服用THC治療有明顯改善)[13]
Caffeine and adenosine A(2a) receptor antagonists prevent beta-amyloid (25-35)-induced cognitive deficits in mice[14]（咖啡因和adenosine A(2a) receptor腺苷A（2a）受體預防β蛋白）
Prolonged treatment with caffeine (1 mg/ml) had no effect alone but prevented the Abeta-induced cognitive impairment in both tasks when associated with acute caffeine (30 mg/kg) 30 min treatment before Abeta administration. [14]（只服用咖啡因無效）
in June 2021, the FDA approved a pharmaceutical called Aducanumab[15]（一種叫做Aducanumab的藥物）
There are a number of strategies being developed by those on the front line of research. The first: Decrease beta-amyloid production. Researchers at Elan Pharmaceuticals in South San Francisco and Eli Lilly and Co. in Indianapolis have found a new class of drugs that decrease beta-amyloid production by blocking gamma-secretase, an enzyme that separates beta-amyloid from a larger protein and releases it into the brain.(一類新的藥物，通過阻斷γ-分泌酶來減少β淀粉樣蛋白的產生，γ-分泌酶是一種將β淀粉樣蛋白從較大的蛋白質中分離出來并釋放到大腦中的酶)
"Gamma-secretase is a critical target for treatment of Alzheimer's disease, as beta-amyloid is the core building block of the plaque," Dale B. Schenk, PhD, vice president of discovery research at Elan, tells WebMD. "This work is a stepping stone toward treatments that will eventually enter the clinic."
Another strategy is to prevent beta-amyloid buildup and the toxic damage it causes. Metals in the brain, such as copper and zinc, bind to beta-amyloid, causing it to accumulate in Alzheimer's and trigger reactions that release toxic byproducts, which can create more damage. Researchers at Harvard University in Boston used drugs called chelators to trap copper and zinc, and tested them in an animal model.
When mice were given copper and zinc chelators by mouth for 12 weeks, beta-amyloid accumulation decreased so dramatically that some treated animals had none left.(銅和鋅螯合劑)[16]
In late stages of Alzheimer's disease, there is so much damage to both nerve cells and their connections that removing beta-amyloid would be futile, explains the Hopkins' researcher. "There's no sense in trying the vaccine in someone who's been in a nursing home for 10 years."[16]（晚期阿爾茨海默癥治療無效，因為神經已經收到損害）
Eprodisate(埃普羅地酸) belongs to a new class of drugs that blocks amyloid build-up in various tissues by inhibiting the interactions of amyloidogenic proteins and glycosaminoglycans. [21]
Aducanumab, an antibody that binds to both insoluble forms of beta amyloid?
(amyloid plaques) and soluble forms, reduced levels of beta-amyloid in the brain and?
slowed the rate of cognitive decline in a group of people who had mild or preclinical [3](Aducanumab降低阿爾茨海默癥的進程)
鼠尾草、姜黃、銀杏葉、南非醉茄、人參、積雪草、檸檬香膏[22]
研究人員發現以中藥黃連、黃芩、黃柏和梔子所組成、可治療腦缺血的傳統中藥名方“黃連解毒湯”，在剔除黃芩后，明顯降低了“β-淀粉樣蛋白”的水平。他們也發現治療疼痛和神經痛的中藥復方“元胡止痛散”中的主要中藥延胡索，能降低“過度磷酸化Tau蛋白”的水平。研究團隊通過數據分析和建模技術，將6種中藥以不同比例組合成24款中藥復方，并將效果最佳的復方命名為“神經防御方”。
研究團隊其后完成了阿爾茨海默癥小鼠模型臨床前實驗。結果顯示，小鼠服用“神經防御方”后，其“β-淀粉樣蛋白”聚集和異常“過度磷酸化Tau蛋白”的沉積水平，均明顯地下降三至四成。“神經防御方”也有效地改善了患病小鼠的記憶力和學習能力，以及記憶衰退癥狀。[27]
姜黃素提高巨噬細胞對Aβ的吞噬能力[28]
Curcuminoids, polyphenol compounds from turmeric (Curcuma longa), possess diverse biological properties that modulate debilitating biochemical processes involved in AD that include attenuation of mitochondrial dysfunction-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory responses to inflammatory cytokines, COX-2, and iNOS. Curcuminoids also bind to β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques to inhibit amyloid accumulation and aggregation in the brain, in addition to inhibiting the toxic Aβ oligomer formation and oligomer-dependent Aβ toxicity. These properties can be further elaborated to DS, glaucoma and AMD[29](姜黃素是姜黃（姜黃）中的多酚化合物，具有多種生物學特性，可調節AD中的衰弱生化過程，包括減輕線粒體功能障礙誘導的氧化應激和炎癥細胞因子、COX-2和iNOS的炎癥反應。姜黃素還與β-淀粉樣蛋白（Aβ）斑塊結合，以抑制大腦中淀粉樣蛋白的積累和聚集，此外還抑制毒性Aβ低聚物的形成和低聚物依賴性Aβ毒性。）
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總結：
相關食物是
盡量減少食物中AGES的攝入
姜黃素(姜黃素、去甲氧基姜黃素和雙去甲氧基姜黃素,類似化學結構起作用的還有阿魏酸)
反式查爾酮+黃岑
維生素D3
omega-3（DHA-二十二碳六烯酸）
充足的睡眠(側臥)
少銅
勤于思考
迷迭香
銀杏葉提取物
印度紅參（ashwagandha）
石杉堿(記憶力)
楊梅素
長春西汀
鼠尾草、南非醉茄、人參、積雪草、檸檬香膏
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阿爾茨海默癥分為兩部分
①毒蛋白的處理問題
| 亞型 | 生成順序 | 位置 | 毒性 | 疾病名稱 |
| Aβ40 | Aβ40含量是Aβ42的10-20倍 | 腦血管斑塊 | 相對小 | 大腦淀粉樣血管病變 |
| Aβ42 | 更容易聚集 實質斑塊 | 更毒 |
Aβ40量大為主，也是先產生
Aβ42量小，后產生[24]
②神經被毒蛋白攻擊+自身的衰老問題
人體內的ApoE主要有三個亞型：E2，E3和E4
一些研究提出，Aβ蛋白與神經元膜的相互作用是AD中觀察到的神經元死亡的原因。[26]
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[30]懷疑姜黃素基本無效（因為提取物中有十幾種分子）
[31]認為不要質疑所有的姜黃素臨床數據
[32]中認為銀杏葉無效
Reference:
[1]發現阿爾茨海默癥相關新蛋白 - 生物通 (ebiotrade.com)
[2]Mitochondrial Repair Diet (healthfully.com)
[3]Beta-amyloid and the Amyloid Hypothesis (alz.org)
[4]Microglia prevent beta-amyloid plaque formation in the early stage of an Alzheimer’s disease mouse model with suppression of glymphatic clearance | Alzheimer's Research & Therapy | Full Text (biomedcentral.com)
[5]What can you do to avoid Alzheimer’s disease? - Harvard Health
[6]Beta Amyloid - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
[7](PDF) Trans-Chalcone Plus Baicalein Synergistically Reduce Intracellular Amyloid Beta (Aβ42) and Protect from Aβ42 Induced Oxidative Damage in Yeast Models of Alzheimer’s Disease (researchgate.net)
[8]Natural Products to Clear Amyloid Beta From the Brain | Life Enhancement Products (life-enhancement.com)
[9]Amyloid disease natural alternatives, herbs to stop plaque (raysahelian.com)
[10]Cannabinoids remove plaque-forming Alzheimer’s proteins from brain cells - Salk Institute for Biological Studies
[11]Sleep deprivation increases Alzheimer’s protein | National Institutes of Health (NIH)
[12]Staving Off Alzheimer's Disease With The Right Diet, Prescriptions -- ScienceDaily
[13]How to Prevent Dementia: The Role of Cannabinoid Therapy (rxleaf.com)
[14]Caffeine and adenosine A(2a) receptor antagonists prevent beta-amyloid (25-35)-induced cognitive deficits in mice - PubMed (nih.gov)
[15]How to Prevent Dementia: The Role of Cannabinoid Therapy (rxleaf.com)
[16]Fighting Alzheimer's Disease: Go for the Beta-Amyloid! (webmd.com)
[17]Can Alzheimer's be Prevented? | Alzheimer's Association
[18]Staving Off Alzheimer's Disease With The Right Diet, Prescriptions -- ScienceDaily
[19]7 Tips to Reduce Amyloid Proteins in Your Brain (zoomhealth.net)
[20]Clear Your Brain of the Toxic Gunk that Causes Alzheimer’s Disease! – Us Smart Publications (smart-publications.com)
[21]Amyloid disease natural alternatives, herbs to stop plaque (raysahelian.com)
[22]7 Best Herbs and Spices for Brain Health (verywellmind.com)
[23]Nat Commun：Aβ42/40比例的調控或成阿爾茨海默病治療關鍵|阿爾茨海默病|aβ|細胞 (qq.com)
[24](19 條消息) 關于用大鼠進行阿爾茲海默癥相關實驗中為什么采用Aβ40而不是Aβ42？ - 知乎 (zhihu.com)
[25]解讀Acta Neuropathologica︱早發性AD中的一種特殊斑塊: 粗糙-顆粒狀斑塊 - 知乎 (zhihu.com)
[26]Nat?Commun:??Aβ蛋白結構揭示其毒性 - 生物研究專區 - 生物谷 (bioon.com)
[27]香港浸大研發中藥新復方有助治療阿爾茨海默癥-新華網 (xinhuanet.com)
[28]Curcuminoids enhance amyloid-β uptake by macrophages of Alzheimer's disease patients - IOS Press
[29]Curcuminoids in neurodegenerative diseases - PubMed (nih.gov)
[30]Deceptive curcumin offers cautionary tale for chemists | Nature
[31]Don't discount all curcumin trial data | Nature
[32]銀杏葉不能預防阿爾茨海默病_阿爾茨海默病_銀杏葉_醫脈通 (medlive.cn)
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