计算机视觉行业,这_体育行业中计算机视觉的用例
計(jì)算機(jī)視覺行業(yè),這
The use of advanced CV or computer vision applications in sports ultimately allows for a highly efficient, fast, and precise analysis of actions, conditions, and environments in all possible sports events.
在運(yùn)動(dòng)中使用高級(jí)CV或計(jì)算機(jī)視覺應(yīng)用程序最終可以在所有可能的體育賽事中對(duì)動(dòng)作，狀況和環(huán)境進(jìn)行高效，快速和精確的分析。
A naked human eye is being gradually replaced with smart algorithms that do all the cumbersome analytics automatically. These capacities may help better analyze the crucial sports event moments to get more precise scores and judge more efficiently as a whole.
肉眼已經(jīng)逐漸被自動(dòng)執(zhí)行所有繁瑣分析的智能算法所取代。 這些能力可以幫助更好地分析關(guān)鍵體育賽事的時(shí)刻，從而獲得更精確的比分并從整體上更有效地進(jìn)行判斷。
Although the use of CV in professional sports mostly requires pre-recorded content of high-definition, the technology is pretty in-depth efficient in processing video of any format, coming from any device. Where in particular this form of machine processing is applied? Let’s dive a bit deeper into the topic of using content processing via computer vision in the sports industry.
盡管在專業(yè)運(yùn)動(dòng)中使用CV大多需要預(yù)先錄制的高清內(nèi)容，但該技術(shù)在處理來(lái)自任何設(shè)備的任何格式的視頻方面非常有效。 這種形式的機(jī)器處理特別適用于什么地方？ 讓我們更深入地探討體育行業(yè)中通過(guò)計(jì)算機(jī)視覺使用內(nèi)容處理的主題。
通過(guò)簡(jiǎn)歷有效分析共同時(shí)刻 (Common Moments Efficiently Analyzed via CV)
Besides the obvious use in the security systems most demanding for image quality (recognition of faces, dangerous objects, etc.), machine vision technologies are used in many other cases in sports:
除了在對(duì)圖像質(zhì)量要求最高(識(shí)別人臉，危險(xiǎn)物體等)的安全系統(tǒng)中有明顯用途外，機(jī)器視覺技術(shù)還用于體育運(yùn)動(dòng)中的許多其他情況：
- training process — the in-depth analysis of captured actions in swimming, gymnastics, athletics, skiing, and other sports where the technique of performing movements matters the most; 訓(xùn)練過(guò)程-深入分析在游泳，體操，田徑，滑雪和其他運(yùn)動(dòng)中技巧最為重要的運(yùn)動(dòng)中捕獲的動(dòng)作；
- refereeing — 3D simulations and video inspection of the offsides, outs, goals, photo finish in mass races; all; 裁判員-群眾比賽中越位，出球，進(jìn)球，照片完成的3D模擬和視頻檢查； 所有;
- the rates of player activity during events — for instance, in tennis, the dynamics of players can be captured and analyzed based on their movements and even slight gestures; 運(yùn)動(dòng)員在比賽中的活動(dòng)率，例如在網(wǎng)球比賽中，可以根據(jù)運(yùn)動(dòng)員的動(dòng)作甚至輕微的手勢(shì)來(lái)捕獲并分析運(yùn)動(dòng)員的動(dòng)態(tài)；
- ball (puck, you name it) trajectories — these can be analyzed as well as predicted for further in-depth analytics; 球(圓盤，您叫它)軌跡-可以對(duì)這些軌跡進(jìn)行分析和預(yù)測(cè)，以進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的深入分析；
- action camera stabilization and smart focus — artificial intelligence in sports allow for real-time smoothing out of action frames and automated focus based on the density of activity and target actions in the field. 動(dòng)作相機(jī)穩(wěn)定和智能對(duì)焦-運(yùn)動(dòng)中的人工智能可根據(jù)動(dòng)作密度和現(xiàn)場(chǎng)目標(biāo)動(dòng)作實(shí)時(shí)平滑動(dòng)作框架并自動(dòng)對(duì)焦。
These are just some general capabilities modern sports events organizers get to employ. Let’s take a look at a bunch of particular cases in a bit greater detail.
這些只是現(xiàn)代體育賽事組織者可以使用的一些常規(guī)功能。 讓我們更詳細(xì)地看一堆特殊情況。
計(jì)算機(jī)視覺在體育中的應(yīng)用 (Computer Vision Applications in Sports)
曲棍球中的實(shí)時(shí)動(dòng)作識(shí)別(Real-time action recognition in hockey)
Specialists at the Shiraz University and the University of Waterloo did a whole paper on efficient recognition of actions in hockey. The main gist is that experts have come up with the so-called Action Recognition Hourglass Network (ARHN), which is a complex, multi-component visual data processing model.
設(shè)拉子大學(xué)和滑鐵盧大學(xué)的專家撰寫了一篇有關(guān)有效識(shí)別曲棍球動(dòng)作的論文。 主要要點(diǎn)是專家提出了所謂的動(dòng)作識(shí)別沙漏網(wǎng)絡(luò)(ARHN)，這是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的，多組件的可視數(shù)據(jù)處理模型。
In simple terms, the complex algorithm takes a piece of motion video content and converts it into a series of images. Another underlying algorithm within a Stacked Hourglass network then analyzes players’ positions (straight and crossover skating, pre- and post-shot poses) and classifies them.
簡(jiǎn)而言之，復(fù)雜的算法獲取一段運(yùn)動(dòng)視頻內(nèi)容，并將其轉(zhuǎn)換為一系列圖像。 然后，Stacked Hourglass網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的另一種基礎(chǔ)算法將分析運(yùn)動(dòng)員的位置(直線和交叉溜冰，鉛球前后姿勢(shì))并對(duì)其進(jìn)行分類。
These models have been used for the longest time to help issue the fairest, most precise scores in this and other types of sports out there.
這些模型已經(jīng)使用了最長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間，以幫助在這種運(yùn)動(dòng)和其他類型的運(yùn)動(dòng)中發(fā)布最公平，最精確的分?jǐn)?shù)。
網(wǎng)球中的球追蹤系統(tǒng) (Ball tracking systems in tennis)
Precise tennis (as well as badminton and cricket) ball trajectories have been tracked in sports since the mid-2000s. Thus, specialized systems focus on multiple objects in the image that are similar in form to a ball. Upon detecting these, a 3-dimensional trajectory is built by connecting the ball movement pattern frame by frame.
自2000年代中期以來(lái)，人們一直在運(yùn)動(dòng)中追蹤精確的網(wǎng)球(以及羽毛球和板球)的運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡。 因此，專用系統(tǒng)專注于圖像中形式類似于球的多個(gè)對(duì)象。 一旦檢測(cè)到這些，就通過(guò)一幀接一幀地連接球運(yùn)動(dòng)圖案來(lái)建立3維軌跡。
This is where multiple camera angles and flexible motion capture are essential. The main purpose here is the precise statement on whether the ball landed in or out of bounds during the game. On their deepest, most complex layers, the underlying algorithms can build predictions of ball trajectories based on various conditions (a player’s miss or such).
在這里，多個(gè)攝像機(jī)角度和靈活的運(yùn)動(dòng)捕捉至關(guān)重要。 這里的主要目的是在比賽過(guò)程中準(zhǔn)確地說(shuō)明球是落入還是出界。 在最深，最復(fù)雜的層上，基礎(chǔ)算法可以根據(jù)各種條件(球員的失誤等)建立對(duì)球軌跡的預(yù)測(cè)。
Based on such solutions, smart statistics are generated in real-time for 100% fair refereeing and reputable sports performance analytics.
基于此類解決方案，可以實(shí)時(shí)生成智能統(tǒng)計(jì)信息，以實(shí)現(xiàn)100％公平裁判和聲譽(yù)卓著的體育表現(xiàn)分析。
培訓(xùn)活動(dòng)分析 (Training activities analytics)
Modern sport imposes higher demands not only on the athletes but also on the team of coaches. The key advantage in team sports is not so much the presence of “stars” as the proper organization of the team game, the assessment of the actions of each player, their interaction, and it is invaluable for the coach to develop effective tactics and game strategies.
現(xiàn)代運(yùn)動(dòng)不僅對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)員而且對(duì)教練團(tuán)隊(duì)都提出了更高的要求。 團(tuán)隊(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)的主要優(yōu)勢(shì)不在于“明星”的存在，而在于團(tuán)隊(duì)比賽的正確組織，對(duì)每個(gè)球員的動(dòng)作的評(píng)估，他們之間的互動(dòng)，并且教練制定有效的戰(zhàn)術(shù)和比賽是無(wú)價(jià)的策略。
Computer vision in sports analytics is a great tool for getting objective, up-to-date information in the conditions when just recording a video of a game field is not enough. Mathematical processing of the video stream allows getting the position of each player of opponents’ teams at each moment.
運(yùn)動(dòng)分析中的計(jì)算機(jī)視覺是在僅記錄比賽視頻的條件下，獲取客觀，最新信息的絕佳工具。 視頻流的數(shù)學(xué)處理使您可以隨時(shí)獲取對(duì)手團(tuán)隊(duì)中每個(gè)球員的位置。
For many sports arenas and clubs, sports video analytics systems have now become a very profitable business. Even though the creation of such systems requires organizing the synchronous operation of dozens of cameras and powerful computing capabilities, the effort is usually well paid off in the long run.
對(duì)于許多體育館和俱樂部而言，體育視頻分析系統(tǒng)現(xiàn)已成為一項(xiàng)非常有利可圖的業(yè)務(wù)。 即使創(chuàng)建這樣的系統(tǒng)需要組織數(shù)十臺(tái)攝像機(jī)的同步操作和強(qiáng)大的計(jì)算功能，但從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看，通常可以很好地獲得回報(bào)。
預(yù)防威脅生命的情況 (Prevention of life-threatening situations)
In NASCAR racing and similar kinds of sports where players experience potential life dangers, computer vision is used to timely detect and prevent vehicle malfunctions. This is where such systems, basically, save lives.
在NASCAR賽車和類似運(yùn)動(dòng)中，玩家可能面臨生命危險(xiǎn)，計(jì)算機(jī)視覺可用于及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)和防止車輛故障。 基本上，這就是這些系統(tǒng)挽救生命的地方。
Commonly, huge Big Data-based databases of vehicle models are implemented to recognize particular cars, analyzing them in the tiniest detail during the event. Thus, experts get real-time reach into the car’s insides to track any small malfunctions which can lead to serious consequences.
通常，會(huì)基于大型的基于大數(shù)據(jù)的車輛模型數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)來(lái)識(shí)別特定的汽車，并在活動(dòng)期間以最小的細(xì)節(jié)對(duì)其進(jìn)行分析。 因此，專家可以實(shí)時(shí)進(jìn)入汽車內(nèi)部，以追蹤可能導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重后果的任何小故障。
For many sports arenas and clubs, sports video analytics systems have now become a very profitable business. Even though the creation of such systems requires organizing the synchronous operation of dozens of cameras and powerful computing capabilities, the effort is usually well paid off in the long run.
對(duì)于許多體育館和俱樂部而言，體育視頻分析系統(tǒng)現(xiàn)已成為一項(xiàng)非常有利可圖的業(yè)務(wù)。 即使創(chuàng)建這樣的系統(tǒng)需要組織數(shù)十臺(tái)攝像機(jī)的同步操作和強(qiáng)大的計(jì)算功能，但從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看，通常可以很好地獲得回報(bào)。
粉絲情緒和參與度分析 (Fan mood and engagement analysis)
A not so obvious application of a machine learning in sports analytics — organizers can recognize faces on the tribunes and identify emotions fans experience. This is made to stimulate the hype on the tribunes and build statistics on fan engagement as well as an event’s overall impact.
機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)在體育分析中的應(yīng)用不是那么明顯-組織者可以識(shí)別論壇上的面Kong并識(shí)別球迷的情感體驗(yàn)。 這樣做是為了刺激對(duì)論壇的炒作，并建立有關(guān)粉絲參與度以及賽事整體影響的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)。
智慧體育新聞 (Smart sports journalism)
Adding up to the previous point and expanding on the influence of a sports event on fans. Computer vision can also be beneficially used to generate impressive media content and more precisely report on the game highlights.
結(jié)合上一點(diǎn)，擴(kuò)大體育賽事對(duì)球迷的影響。 計(jì)算機(jī)視覺還可以有益地用于生成令人印象深刻的媒體內(nèi)容，并更精確地報(bào)告游戲亮點(diǎn)。
By analyzing the most standing-out, dynamic actions happening in the field (track, ring, etc.) based on some above-mentioned algorithms, an immediate focus on the most exciting happenings can be employed.
通過(guò)基于上述某些算法分析現(xiàn)場(chǎng)(軌道，環(huán)等)中最突出的動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)作，可以立即關(guān)注最激動(dòng)人心的事件。
This is a crucial capability when it comes to live events to help keep all spectators on the edge of their seats. And apart from visual features, AI even helps to automatically commentate events without the help of live speakers (Automated Insights, for instance, developed a solution for real-time narratives based on Natural Language Recognition capacities).
當(dāng)涉及現(xiàn)場(chǎng)比賽時(shí)，這是一項(xiàng)至關(guān)重要的功能，可幫助所有觀眾保持座位邊緣。 除了視覺功能外，人工智能甚至可以幫助自動(dòng)注釋事件，而無(wú)需現(xiàn)場(chǎng)演講者的幫助(例如，自動(dòng)洞察為基于自然語(yǔ)言識(shí)別能力的實(shí)時(shí)敘事開發(fā)了解決方案)。
體育計(jì)算機(jī)視覺軟件的特點(diǎn) (The Specifics of Software for Computer Vision in Sports)
The above applications and more make the world of sports a firmly-watched, ever so exciting, and fair competitive realm to organize. There are various types of solutions in the niche. Some of the leading examples include Sentio’s smart tracking and analytics systems; Stats Perform’s SportVU 2.0 with in-depth computer vision-based algorithms; GAMEFACE.AI with its in-depth analysis of strategic insights and other footage points; and more.
上述應(yīng)用程序以及更多應(yīng)用程序使體育界成為一個(gè)備受關(guān)注的，令人興奮的，公平的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)領(lǐng)域。 利基市場(chǎng)中有各種類型的解決方案。 一些領(lǐng)先的例子包括Sentio的智能跟蹤和分析系統(tǒng)。 Stats Perform的SportVU 2.0具有基于計(jì)算機(jī)視覺的深度算法； GAMEFACE.AI具有對(duì)戰(zhàn)略見解和其他鏡頭的深入分析； 和更多。
The available solutions are intricate systems to be integrated through hardware and software by a dedicated integrator specialist. The role of the integrator is limited to adapting the system based on the readymade standard components according to the requirements of a particular customer, its binding to a specific object, installation, and service entry.
可用的解決方案是復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng)，由專門的集成商專家通過(guò)硬件和軟件進(jìn)行集成。 集成商的作用僅限于根據(jù)特定客戶的需求，基于與特定對(duì)象的綁定，安裝和服務(wù)條目，基于現(xiàn)成的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)組件來(lái)調(diào)整系統(tǒng)。
Thus, the resolution and speed of the cameras are limited by the capabilities of the human operator, and the main focus is made on minimizing the volume of video recordings and the convenience of working with them.
因此，攝像機(jī)的分辨率和速度受到操作人員能力的限制，并且主要重點(diǎn)在于使視頻記錄的體積最小化以及使用它們的便利性。
獲得最高質(zhì)量分析的關(guān)鍵點(diǎn) (Crucial points for getting the highest-quality analytics)
The industry of computer vision system for tracking players in sports games has slightly different priorities arising from a much wider range of tasks, which cause a very limited distribution and use of “boxed” products. Due to the diversity of objects and tasks for observation, the requirements for image capture systems vary greatly.
跟蹤運(yùn)動(dòng)游戲中的運(yùn)動(dòng)員的計(jì)算機(jī)視覺系統(tǒng)行業(yè)由于任務(wù)范圍廣泛而導(dǎo)致優(yōu)先級(jí)略有不同，這導(dǎo)致“盒裝”產(chǎn)品的分配和使用非常有限。 由于觀察對(duì)象和任務(wù)的多樣性，對(duì)圖像捕獲系統(tǒng)的要求差異很大。
First of all, it’s supposed to be machine image processing, which entails requirements for the maximum transfer of details, diversity, and uniformity of shooting conditions to increase the efficiency (showing details), speed, and reliability (shooting conditions) of the algorithms. Based on our team’s experience, the main points in the selection of machine vision components are as follows:
首先，它應(yīng)該是機(jī)器圖像處理，它要求最大程度地傳遞細(xì)節(jié)，多樣性和拍攝條件的一致性，以提高算法的效率(顯示細(xì)節(jié))，速度和可靠性(拍攝條件)。 根據(jù)我們團(tuán)隊(duì)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，選擇機(jī)器視覺組件的要點(diǎn)如下：
- image quality, degree of detail, and speed (frame rate) must correspond to the mathematical algorithms used to solve various applied tasks; 圖像質(zhì)量，細(xì)節(jié)程度和速度(幀速率)必須與用于解決各種應(yīng)用任務(wù)的數(shù)學(xué)算法相對(duì)應(yīng)；
- lighting conditions should be as stable and/or controlled as much as possible. In most cases it’s artificial lighting; 照明條件應(yīng)盡可能穩(wěn)定和/或控制。 在大多數(shù)情況下是人工照明。
- limited use or complete absence of automated functions such as auto exposure or autofocus in the camera. Everything is controlled by external software; 相機(jī)使用受限或完全沒有自動(dòng)功能(例如自動(dòng)曝光或自動(dòng)對(duì)焦)。 一切都由外部軟件控制；
- the main information processing is performed on separate calculators since the complexity of the algorithms does not allow placing the required computing power in a compact camera body. In some cases, joint processing of images from multiple cameras is required. The type and power of the calculator are determined by the requirements of the specific task and the math used; 由于算法的復(fù)雜性不允許將所需的計(jì)算能力放在緊湊的相機(jī)機(jī)身中，因此主要信息處理是在單獨(dú)的計(jì)算器上執(zhí)行的。 在某些情況下，需要對(duì)來(lái)自多個(gè)攝像機(jī)的圖像進(jìn)行聯(lián)合處理。 計(jì)算器的類型和功能由特定任務(wù)的要求和所使用的數(shù)學(xué)確定；
- high-speed interfaces for transmitting images with high resolution (details) and high frame rate (fixing fast processes) are required; 需要高速接口以高分辨率(細(xì)節(jié))和高幀頻(固定快速處理)傳輸圖像；
- software functionality from camera manufacturers is limited to a set of drivers for the flexible configuration of equipment. We develop application programs for each specific project. 相機(jī)制造商提供的軟件功能僅限于一組驅(qū)動(dòng)程序，以實(shí)現(xiàn)設(shè)備的靈活配置。 我們?yōu)槊總€(gè)特定項(xiàng)目開發(fā)應(yīng)用程序。
結(jié)論 (Conclusion)
Artificial intelligence in sports makes refereeing, analyzing, highlighting, and satisfying fans easier to grasp and more efficient in the long run. When it comes to implementing an AI-based system for sports events, you have the ultimate choice of going for renowned yet costly solutions or ordering a cost-efficient custom local system.
從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看，體育運(yùn)動(dòng)中的人工智能使裁判，分析，重點(diǎn)關(guān)注和滿足球迷的需求更加容易，效率更高。 當(dāng)要為體育賽事實(shí)施基于AI的系統(tǒng)時(shí)，您最終可以選擇采用著名但昂貴的解決方案，或訂購(gòu)具有成本效益的定制本地系統(tǒng)。
Originally published at https://requestum.com.
最初發(fā)布在https://requestum.com 。
翻譯自: https://medium.com/quick-code/use-cases-of-computer-vision-in-the-sports-industry-ad190b33fbd1
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