• 定義

  CMake是一種跨平臺編譯工具，CMake主要是編寫CMakeLists.txt文件，然后通過cmake命令將CMakeLists.txt文件轉(zhuǎn)化為make所需要的Makefile文件，最后用make命令編譯源碼生成可執(zhí)行程序或者庫文件。

• 語法規(guī)則

  指令是大小寫無關(guān)的，參數(shù)和變量是大小寫相關(guān)的

  • CMakeLists.txt常見指令
    1、cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.6)命令
    #指定CMake編譯最低要求版本
    例：CMAKE_MINIMUM_REQUIRED(VERSION 3.14)

    2、PROJECT(<projectname>)命令
    #給項目命名
    PROJECT(TEST)

    3、ADD_SUBDIRECTORY命令
    #該命令告訴CMake去子目錄中查看可用的CMakeLists.txt文件

    4、ADD_EXECUTABLE命令
    #將hello.cpp生成可執(zhí)行文件hello
    ADD_EXECUTABLE(hello ${SOURCE})

    5、ADD_LIBRARY命令
    #變量SRC_LIST_CPP 與SRC_LIST_C 指定生成test動態(tài)庫 默認(rèn)生成靜態(tài)庫 SHARED指定生成庫類型為動態(tài)庫
    ADD_LIBRARY(test SHARED ${SRC_LIST_CPP} ${SRC_LIST_C})
    ADD_LIBRARY(test STATIC util.cpp) # 生成靜態(tài)庫

    6、FILE命令
    #收集c/c++文件并賦值給變量SRC_LIST_CPP ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}代表區(qū)當(dāng)前項目錄
    FILE(GLOB SRC_LIST_CPP ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/*.cpp)

    7、INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES命令
    #指定頭文件目錄
    INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES(${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include)

    8、LINK_DIRECTORIES命令
    #指定鏈接庫文件目錄
    LINK_DIRECTORIES(${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/lib)

    9、TARGET_LINK_LIBRARIES命令
    #指定hello 鏈接庫test
    TARGET_LINK_LIBRARIES(hello test)

    10、AUX_SOURCE_DIRECTORY命令
    #AUX_SOURCE_DIRECTORY(dir VAR) 發(fā)現(xiàn)一個目錄下所有的源代碼文件并將列表存儲在一個變量中
    AUX_SOURCE_DIRECTORY(. SRC_LIST) # 搜索當(dāng)前目錄下的所有.cpp文件，放到SRC_LIST變量中

    8、SET命令
    #用來顯式的定義變量
    例子：
    #用變量代替值，例子中定義SRC_LST代替后面的字符串
    SET (SRC_LST main.c test.c)
    #指定生成庫文件的目錄
    SET(LIBRARY_OUTPUT_PATH ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/lib)

    • 常用變量
    變量名含義

    JECT_NAME	project命令中寫的項目名
    KE_VERSION	當(dāng)前使用CMake的版本
    KE_SOURCE_DIR	工程頂層目錄，即入口CMakeLists文件所在路徑
    JECT_SOURCE_DIR	同CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR
    KE_BINARY_DIR	工程編譯發(fā)生的目錄，即執(zhí)行cmake命令進(jìn)行項目配置的目錄，一般為build
    JECT_BINARY_DIR	同CMAKE_BINARY_DIR
    KE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR	當(dāng)前處理的CMakeLists.txt所在的路徑
    KE_CURRRENT_BINARY_DIR	當(dāng)前處理的CMakeLists.txt中生成目標(biāo)文件所在編譯目錄
    KE_CURRENT_LIST_FILE	輸出調(diào)用這個變量的CMakeLists.txt文件的完整路徑
    KE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR	當(dāng)前處理的CMakeLists.txt文件所在目錄的路徑
    KE_INSTALL_PREFIX	指定make install命令執(zhí)行時包安裝路徑
    KE_MODULE_PATH	find_package命令搜索包路徑之一，默認(rèn)為空
    KE_BUILD_TYPE	編譯選項，Release或者Debug，如set(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE “Release”)
    KE_CXX_FLAGS	編譯標(biāo)志，設(shè)置C++11編譯，set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS “${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -std=c++11”)

• 例子

#指定CMake編譯最低要求版本3.6 cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.6)#CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE 代替后面的字符串RelWithDebInfo CACHE STRING "build type" set(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE RelWithDebInfo CACHE STRING "build type")#給項目命名tutorial project(tutorialLANGUAGES C CXX )#CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY 代替后面的字符串${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR} set(CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR})if(ANDROID)#指定鏈接庫文件目錄${OPENSSL_LINK_DIR}link_directories(${OPENSSL_LINK_DIR}) else()find_library(LIBRT rt)find_package(OpenSSL REQUIRED) endif() find_package(workflow REQUIRED CONFIG HINTS ..) #指定頭文件目錄${OPENSSL_INCLUDE_DIR} ${WORKFLOW_INCLUDE_DIR} include_directories(${OPENSSL_INCLUDE_DIR} ${WORKFLOW_INCLUDE_DIR}) #指定鏈接庫文件目錄${WORKFLOW_LIB_DIR} link_directories(${WORKFLOW_LIB_DIR})if (KAFKA STREQUAL "y")find_path(SNAPPY_INCLUDE_PATH NAMES snappy.h)#指定頭文件目錄${SNAPPY_INCLUDE_PATH}include_directories(${SNAPPY_INCLUDE_PATH}) endif ()if (WIN32)set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} /MP /wd4200")set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} /MP /wd4200 /std:c++14") else ()#CMAKE_C_FLAGS代替后面的字符串"${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -Wall -fPIC -pipe -std=gnu90"set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -Wall -fPIC -pipe -std=gnu90")set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -Wall -fPIC -pipe -std=c++11 -fno-exceptions") endif ()#TUTORIAL_LIST代替后面的字符串 set(TUTORIAL_LISTtutorial-00-helloworldtutorial-01-wgettutorial-04-http_echo_servertutorial-05-http_proxytutorial-06-parallel_wgettutorial-07-sort_tasktutorial-08-matrix_multiplytutorial-09-http_file_servertutorial-11-graph_tasktutorial-15-name_servicetutorial-20-reducer )if (APPLE)set(WORKFLOW_LIB workflow pthread OpenSSL::SSL OpenSSL::Crypto) elseif (ANDROID)set(WORKFLOW_LIB workflow ssl crypto c) else ()set(WORKFLOW_LIB workflow pthread OpenSSL::SSL OpenSSL::Crypto ${LIBRT}) endif ()foreach(src ${TUTORIAL_LIST})string(REPLACE "-" ";" arr ${src})list(GET arr -1 bin_name)#將${src}.cc生成可執(zhí)行文件${bin_name} add_executable(${bin_name} ${src}.cc)#指定${bin_name}鏈接庫${WORKFLOW_LIB}target_link_libraries(${bin_name} ${WORKFLOW_LIB}) endforeach()if (NOT REDIS STREQUAL "n") set(TUTORIAL_LISTtutorial-02-redis_clitutorial-03-wget_to_redis ) foreach(src ${TUTORIAL_LIST})string(REPLACE "-" ";" arr ${src})list(GET arr -1 bin_name)add_executable(${bin_name} ${src}.cc)target_link_libraries(${bin_name} ${WORKFLOW_LIB}) endforeach() endif()if (NOT MYSQL STREQUAL "n") set(TUTORIAL_LISTtutorial-12-mysql_cli ) foreach(src ${TUTORIAL_LIST})string(REPLACE "-" ";" arr ${src})list(GET arr -1 bin_name)add_executable(${bin_name} ${src}.cc)target_link_libraries(${bin_name} ${WORKFLOW_LIB}) endforeach() endif()if (KAFKA STREQUAL "y")add_executable("kafka_cli" "tutorial-13-kafka_cli.cc")target_link_libraries("kafka_cli" wfkafka ${WORKFLOW_LIB} z snappy lz4 zstd) endif ()set(DIR10 tutorial-10-user_defined_protocol) add_executable(server ${DIR10}/server.cc ${DIR10}/message.cc) add_executable(client ${DIR10}/client.cc ${DIR10}/message.cc) target_link_libraries(server ${WORKFLOW_LIB}) target_link_libraries(client ${WORKFLOW_LIB})set_target_properties(server PROPERTIESRUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/${DIR10}) set_target_properties(client PROPERTIESRUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/${DIR10})

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