IBM ADEPT 是一個強調(diào)機器自動驗證、自我維護的平臺。【S. Panikkar, S. Nair, P. Brody, and V. Pureswaran, ‘‘ADEPT: An IoT practitioner perspective,’’ IBM Inst. Bus. Value, New York, NY, USA, White Paper, 2015, pp. 1–18.】
該論文中描述了Fog computing和Cloud與Blockchain相結(jié)合的架構(gòu),并在Intel Edison 單板電腦上用golang進行了驗證。【M. Samaniego and R. Deters, ‘‘Blockchain as a service for IoT,’’ in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Internet Things (iThings), IEEE Green Comput. Commun. (GreenCom), IEEE Cyber, Phys. Social Comput. (CPSCom), IEEE Smart Data (SmartData), Chengdu, China, Dec. 2016, pp. 433–436.】
利用K8S/docker構(gòu)建的邊緣計算架構(gòu)。由兩層組成,基于Hyperledger Fabric. 【A. Stanciu, ‘‘Blockchain based distributed control system for edge computing,’’ in Proc. 21st Int. Conf. Control Syst. Comput. Sci., Bucharest, Romania, May 2017, pp. 667–671.】
SDN + Fog + Blockchain. 該文章中提出了利用SDN控制霧節(jié)點的系統(tǒng)。云用于處理計算密集的任務(wù),而fog node與Blockchain協(xié)作,處理延時敏感的任務(wù),并可以實時監(jiān)測網(wǎng)絡(luò)攻擊。P. K. Sharma, M.-Y. Chen, and J.-H. Park, ‘‘A software defined fog node based distributed blockchain cloud architecture for IoT,’’ IEEE Access, vol. 6, pp. 115–124, Sep. 2017.
Ripple consensus algorithm. 共識判定時在幾個可信的節(jié)點中使用同步的通信方式,因而可以減少延遲。【D. Schwartz, N. Youngs, and A. Britto, ``The ripple protocol consensus?????? algorithm,'' Ripple Labs, San Francisco, CA, USA, White Paper, 2014】
SCP(Stellar Consensus Protocol). 類似于PBFT的思想,但使用了聯(lián)邦拜占庭協(xié)議(Federated Byzantine Agreement),不用等待所有將軍的同意。【D. Mazieres. The Stellar Consensus Protocol: A Federated Model forInternet-Level Consensus. Accessed: Apr. 10, 2018. [Online]. Available:https://www.stellar.org/papers/stellar-consensus-protocol.pdf】
Sieve. IBM提出, Hyperledger-Fabric中 采用的共識機制。
PoB (Proof-of-Burn). 礦工需要燃燒一些加密貨幣以表挖礦的決心,背后的思想是,用燃燒貨幣代替POW中的燃燒計算力,因為貨幣和算力一樣都需要代價。
PoP (Proof-of-Personhood). 使用環(huán)簽名和集體簽名(ring signatures and collective signing),綁定虛擬身份和物理身份。【M. Borge, E. Kokoris-Kogias, P. Jovanovic, L. Gasser, N. Gailly, andB. Ford, ``Proof-of-personhood: Redemocratizing permissionless cryptocurrencies,'' 】
Ref:
[T. M. Fernández-Caramés and P. Fraga-Lamas, “A Review on the Use of Blockchain for the Internet of Things,” IEEE Access, vol. 6, pp. 32979–33001, 2018.]