Paramiko 是由 Python 語言編寫的一個擴展模塊，提供了基于 SSHv2 協議 (包括客戶端和服務端)的多種功能實現。通常被用來遠程控制類 UNIX 系統。

Paramiko 可以直接使用 pip 命令安裝：

$ pip install paramiko

此處不作過多介紹，參考后文中的代碼示例。

遠程執行 Linux 命令

代碼如下：

import paramiko

# 初始化 SSH 客戶端，通過用戶名密碼連接至遠程服務器

client = paramiko.SSHClient()

client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy)

client.connect(hostname='remoteserver_ip', username='username', password='password')

# 通過 RSA 秘鑰驗證的方式連接至遠程 SSH 服務

# private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file('~/.ssh/id_rsa')

# client.connect(hostname="remoteserver_ip", username="username", pkey=private_key)

# 遠程執行 df -h 命令并打印輸出

stdin, stdout, stderr = client.exec_command('df -h')

print(stdout.read().decode('utf-8'))

client.close()

運行效果如下：

SFTP 文件傳輸

示例代碼如下：

import paramiko

transport = paramiko.Transport(('hostname_or_ip', port))

# 通過用戶名密碼完成驗證建立連接

transport.connect(username='username', password='password')

# 通過 RSA 私鑰文件完成驗證建立連接

# private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file('/path/to/private_key_file')

# transport.connect(username='username', pkey=private_key)

sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport)

localpath = "localfile"

remotepath = "remotefile_fullpath"

sftp.put(localpath, remotepath)

print("Successfully uploaded")

transport.close()

綜合示例

代碼如下(文件名 ssh_connection.py )：

import paramiko

import getpass

import os

class SSHConnection():

def __init__(self, user, host, port=22, password=''):

self.username = user

self.host = host

self.port = port

self.password = password

self.keyfile = self.get_keyfile()

def get_keyfile(self, path=os.getcwd()):

default_keyfile = os.path.join(

os.environ['HOME'], '.ssh', 'id_rsa')

if 'id_rsa' in os.listdir(path):

keyfile = os.path.join(path, 'id_rsa')

elif os.path.isfile(default_keyfile):

keyfile = default_keyfile

else:

keyfile = ''

return keyfile

def connect(self):

transport = paramiko.Transport((self.host, self.port))

if self.password:

transport.connect(username=self.username, password=self.password)

elif self.keyfile:

transport.connect(

username=self.username,

pkey=paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(self.keyfile))

else:

password = getpass.getpass(

"Password for %s@%s: " % (self.username, self.host))

transport.connect(username=self.username, password=password)

self._transport = transport

print("Connected to %s as %s" % (self.host, self.username))

def close(self):

self._transport.close()

def run_cmd(self, command):

ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()

ssh._transport = self._transport

stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(command)

res = stdout.read().decode('utf-8')

error = stderr.read().decode('utf-8')

if error.strip():

return error

else:

return res

def trans_file(self, localpath, remotepath, method=''):

sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(self._transport)

if method == 'put':

sftp.put(localpath, remotepath)

print("File %s has uploaded to %s" % (localpath, remotepath))

elif method == 'get':

sftp.get(remotepath, localpath)

print("File %s has saved as %s" % (remotepath, localpath))

else:

print('usage: trans_file(localpath, remotepath, method="get/put"')

def __del__(self):

self.close()

測試結果如下：

(python3) D:\Program\python\devops>python

Python 3.7.2 (default, Jan 2 2019, 17:07:39) [MSC v.1915 64 bit (AMD64)] :: Anaconda, Inc. on win32

Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

>>> from ssh_connection import SSHConnection

>>> client = SSHConnection('starky','127.0.0.1')

>>> client.connect()

Connected to 127.0.0.1 as starky

>>> client.run_cmd('uname -a')

'Linux server1 5.0.0-20-generic #21-Ubuntu SMP Mon Jun 24 09:32:09 UTC 2019 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux\n'

>>> client.trans_file('id_rsa.pub', '/home/starky/id_rsa.pub', method='put')

File id_rsa.pub has uploaded to /home/starky/id_rsa.pub

>>> client.run_cmd('ls -l /home/starky/id_rsa.pub')

'-rw-rw-r-- 1 starky starky 410 7月 20 15:01 /home/starky/id_rsa.pub\n'

>>> exit()

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