Android神笔之Paint
再Android中,自定義控件是一個非常重要的知識點,而自定義控件對Android開發者是一個難點,考驗開發人員對View原理的理解,對于繼承View的自定義控件,一般都需要重寫onDraw方法,而且往往需要開發人員能夠掌握Paint這個類。
簡介
The Paint class holds the style and color information about how to draw geometries, text and bitmaps.
Paint:該類保存了繪制幾何圖形、文本和位圖的樣式和顏色信息。也就是說我們可以使用Paint保存的樣式和顏色,來繪制圖形、文本和bitmap,這就是Paint的強大之處。接下來我們使用Paint來繪圖,并且看看該類有哪些樣式和顏色。
Paint的使用
使用Paint之前需要初始化
mPaint = new Paint();
設置筆(Paint)的顏色和alpha值:
mPaint.setColor(Color.BLUE); mPaint.setAlpha(255); 復制代碼注意alpha的范圍是[0..255],而不是[0..1],是一個int值。
設置畫筆的樣式:通過mPaint.setStyle()來設置樣式。
public enum Style {/*** Geometry and text drawn with this style will be filled, ignoring all* stroke-related settings in the paint.*/FILL (0),/*** Geometry and text drawn with this style will be stroked, respecting* the stroke-related fields on the paint.*/STROKE (1),/*** Geometry and text drawn with this style will be both filled and* stroked at the same time, respecting the stroke-related fields on* the paint. This mode can give unexpected results if the geometry* is oriented counter-clockwise. This restriction does not apply to* either FILL or STROKE.*/FILL_AND_STROKE (2);Style(int nativeInt) {this.nativeInt = nativeInt;}final int nativeInt;} 復制代碼總共有三種畫筆的樣式
FILL:填充內容;
STROKE:描邊;
FILL_AND_STROKE:填充內容并描邊。
設置畫筆的寬度
mPaint.setStrokeWidth(50);
設置畫筆的線帽
通過mPaint.setStrokeCap來設置線帽,總共有三種線帽
/*** The Cap specifies the treatment for the beginning and ending of* stroked lines and paths. The default is BUTT.*/public enum Cap {/*** The stroke ends with the path, and does not project beyond it.*/BUTT (0),/*** The stroke projects out as a semicircle, with the center at the* end of the path.*/ROUND (1),/*** The stroke projects out as a square, with the center at the end* of the path.*/SQUARE (2);private Cap(int nativeInt) {this.nativeInt = nativeInt;}final int nativeInt;} 復制代碼BUTT:沒有線帽,默認模式
ROUND:圓形
SQUARE:方形
三種線帽對比:
@Overrideprotected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {super.onDraw(canvas);mPaint.setColor(Color.BLUE);mPaint.setAlpha(255);//設置畫筆的樣式mPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL_AND_STROKE);//畫筆的寬度mPaint.setStrokeWidth(50);mPaint.setStrokeCap(Paint.Cap.SQUARE);//方形mPaint.setStrokeJoin(Paint.Join.BEVEL);//直線Path path = new Path();path.moveTo(100, 100);path.lineTo(300, 100);canvas.drawPath(path, mPaint);mPaint.reset();//重置mPaint.setColor(Color.RED);mPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL_AND_STROKE);mPaint.setStrokeWidth(50);mPaint.setStrokeCap(Paint.Cap.ROUND);//圓形mPaint.setStrokeJoin(Paint.Join.BEVEL);//直線Path path1 = new Path();path1.moveTo(100, 200);path1.lineTo(300, 200);canvas.drawPath(path1, mPaint);mPaint.reset();//重置mPaint.setColor(Color.GREEN);mPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL_AND_STROKE);mPaint.setStrokeWidth(50);mPaint.setStrokeCap(Paint.Cap.BUTT);//沒有mPaint.setStrokeJoin(Paint.Join.BEVEL);//直線Path path2 = new Path();path2.moveTo(100, 300);path2.lineTo(300, 300);canvas.drawPath(path2, mPaint);} 復制代碼上面代碼中有個重置畫筆,這時候需要重新設置畫筆。
設置Join
使用setStrokeJoin方法來設置Join,Join有三種類型:
BEVEL:直線
ROUND:圓角
MITER:銳角
@Overrideprotected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {super.onDraw(canvas);mPaint.setColor(Color.BLUE);mPaint.setAlpha(255);mPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.STROKE);//設置畫筆的樣式mPaint.setStrokeWidth(50);//畫筆的寬度mPaint.setStrokeCap(Paint.Cap.BUTT);//線帽mPaint.setStrokeJoin(Paint.Join.BEVEL);Path path = new Path();path.moveTo(100, 100);path.lineTo(300, 100);path.lineTo(100, 300);path.close();canvas.drawPath(path, mPaint);mPaint.reset();//重置mPaint.setColor(Color.RED);mPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL_AND_STROKE);mPaint.setStrokeWidth(50);mPaint.setStrokeCap(Paint.Cap.BUTT);//圓形mPaint.setStrokeJoin(Paint.Join.ROUND);//圓弧Path path1 = new Path();path1.moveTo(100, 400);path1.lineTo(300, 400);path1.lineTo(100, 700);path1.close();canvas.drawPath(path1, mPaint);mPaint.reset();//重置mPaint.setColor(Color.GREEN);mPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL_AND_STROKE);mPaint.setStrokeWidth(50);mPaint.setStrokeCap(Paint.Cap.BUTT);//沒有mPaint.setStrokeJoin(Paint.Join.MITER);//銳角Path path2 = new Path();path2.moveTo(100, 800);path2.lineTo(300, 800);path2.lineTo(100, 1100);path2.close();canvas.drawPath(path2, mPaint);} 復制代碼以上就是Join三種類型對比。
設置防鋸齒
mPaint.setAntiAlias(true);
如果設置防鋸齒,會損失一定的性能
抖動處理
使用mPaint.setDither()方法,設置是否使用圖像抖動處理。會使繪制的圖片等顏色更加的清晰以及飽滿,也是損失性能。
使用Path繪制圖形
點組成線,線組成面,這樣Path可以繪制各種各樣的圖形,可以說是無所不能的了,但是Path也提供了很多方法,來繪制圖形。
文本繪制
上文中,介紹了Paint畫筆,和繪制了一些圖形。但是介紹Paint的時候,我們知道它可以繪制圖形,文本和bitmap,所以Paint是非常強大的了,我們看下Paint是如何繪制文本的。
設置字符之間的間距
setLetterSpacing
設置文本刪除線
mPaint.setStrikeThruText(true);
是否設置下劃線
mPaint.setUnderlineText(true);
設置文本大小
mPaint.setTextSize(textSize);
設置字體類型
mPaint.setTypeface(Typeface.BOLD); // Style public static final int NORMAL = 0;//常規 public static final int BOLD = 1;//粗體 public static final int ITALIC = 2; //斜體 public static final int BOLD_ITALIC = 3;//粗斜體
字體類型有以上四種類型可以設置。
加載自定義字體
Typeface.create(familyName, style)
文字傾斜
mPaint.setTextSkewX(-0.25f);
文字傾斜默認為0,官方推薦的-0.25f是斜體
文本對齊方式
mPaint.setTextAlign(Align.LEFT)
有三種:
public enum Align {/*** The text is drawn to the right of the x,y origin*/LEFT (0),//左對齊/*** The text is drawn centered horizontally on the x,y origin*/CENTER (1),//居中/*** The text is drawn to the left of the x,y origin*/RIGHT (2);//右對齊private Align(int nativeInt) {this.nativeInt = nativeInt;}final int nativeInt;} 復制代碼計算制定長度的字符串
int breadText = mPaint.breakText(text, measureForwards, maxWidth, measuredWidth)
注意:字符長度、字符個數、顯示的時候是真實的長度
Rect bounds獲取文本的矩形區域(寬高) mPaint.getTextBounds(text, index, count, bounds) mPaint.getTextBounds(text, start, end, bounds)//獲取文本的寬度,和上面類似,但是是一個比較粗略的結果 float measureText = mPaint.measureText(str); //獲取文本的寬度,和上面類似,但是是比較精準的。 float[] measuredWidth = new float[10];//measuredWidth得到每一個字符的寬度;textWidths字符數 int textWidths = mPaint.getTextWidths(str, measuredWidth); mPaint.getTextWidths(text, start, end, widths) 復制代碼使用drawText繪制文本
public class PaintView extends View {private Paint mPaint;private String text = "你是我世界之光,我心另一半";public PaintView(Context context) {this(context,null);}public PaintView(Context context, @Nullable AttributeSet attrs) {this(context, attrs,0);}public PaintView(Context context, @Nullable AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) {super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr);init(context, attrs, defStyleAttr);}private void init(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) {mPaint = new Paint();}@Overrideprotected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {super.onDraw(canvas);mPaint.setColor(Color.BLUE);mPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.STROKE);//設置畫筆的樣式mPaint.setStrokeCap(Paint.Cap.BUTT);//線帽mPaint.setStrokeJoin(Paint.Join.BEVEL);int top = 100;int baselineX = 0;mPaint.setTextSize(50);mPaint.setTextAlign(Paint.Align.LEFT);canvas.drawLine(0, top, 2000, top, mPaint);//文本MetricsPaint.FontMetrics fontMetrics = mPaint.getFontMetrics();float baselineY = top - fontMetrics.top;canvas.drawText(text, baselineX, baselineY, mPaint);} } 復制代碼繪制文本時,還有一個很重要的知識點就是基線的確定,有關drawtext的基線,可以參考《DrawText 基線的確定》這篇文章。
總結
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