英語每日閱讀---8、VOA慢速英語(翻譯+字幕+講解):臉肓癥患者記不住別人的臉

一、總結

一句話總結：

a、neural abnormalities are more widespread：Duchaine says that the research showed "neural abnormalities in many people with DP are more widespread than previous studies have suggested.

b、just can't recognize faces：And they can't recognize faces any longer, but they still recognize cars in a parking lot and they can recognize scenes and things like that.

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1、You may have to meet them several times before they can recognize you.？

認出

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2、"Um, John Travolta. Yeah, baby! That chin. You can't deny the chin."？

下巴

英?[t??n]??美?[t??n]?

• n. 下巴；聊天；引體向上動作
• vt. 用下巴夾住；與…聊天；在單杠上作引體向上動作
• vi. 閑談；作引體向上動作
• n. (Chin)人名；(泰)真；(柬)金；(越)九；(西)欽

[ 過去式 chinned 過去分詞 chinned 現在分詞 chinning ]

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3、recover from？

恢復

recover from 恢復健康；復原；
He's still?recovering from?his operation.
手術后，他仍在恢復之中。

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二、內容在總結中

1、聽力文本

'Face Blind' People Cannot Remember Faces
From VOA Learning English, this is the Health & Lifestyle report.
Some people are great at remembering faces. Once they meet you, they never forget how you look. They might say things like, "I never forget a face." or "I'm really good with faces."
For some people, remembering a face can be difficult. You may have to meet them several times before they can recognize you.
For others, remembering a face is simply impossible. Such people have a condition of the brain called "face blindness." Its actual name is developmental prosopagnosia, or DP for short.
Experts say DP can differ greatly from patient to patient. In less severe cases, people are unable to describe the face of someone they have just met. In severe cases, people cannot even recognize their own children in a group photograph.
Many people who have DP show no clear signs.
Take, for example, Dacia Reid.
If you met her, you probably would not know that she suffered brain damage as a child. There would be no sign of it until you meet her a second time. She would not remember how you looked.
Reid has mostly recovered from her injuries. But now, she suffers from face blindness.

臉盲癥.jpg

Dartmouth College study
Face blindness was once thought to be very rare. But recent studies have shown that it might be more common than experts had thought.
The latest study on face blindness come from the Prosopagnosia Research Centers at Dartmouth College in the United States. The National Science Foundation provided financing for that research.
Bradley Duchaine is a professor of psychological and brain sciences at Dartmouth College. He worked closely on this study with Guo Jiahui, also of Dartmouth.
Duchaine says that the research showed "neural abnormalities in many people with DP are more widespread than previous studies have suggested."
The researchers studied how people recognize and process faces. They compared 22 patients with DP to 25 other people. The researchers showed all the subjects videos of faces, bodies, physical objects and other images.
Then they used functional magnetic resonance imaging, or fMRI, to measure activity in each person's brain. An fMRI can identify chemical and other changes resulting from blood flow.
One test involved famous faces. The researchers wanted to find out if the subjects could recognize pictures of famous people.
The woman we spoke about earlier, Dacia Reid, took part in the study. When shown famous faces, she drew a blank with actor George Clooney.
"Eh! I don't know."
... and former President George Bush.
"Ah, I don't know."
However, she could identify actor John Travolta because of one specific feature.
"Um, John Travolta. Yeah, baby! That chin. You can't deny the chin."
Duchaine says that studying face blindness may help researchers understand how the brain works.
"My main interest is trying to understand the organization of the normal brain, and we use these brains that have suffered brain damage to try to make inferences about the way the normal brain operates."
For example, Duchanie says his team wanted to see if the brain recognized people and things in the same way. So, the researchers tested how well people with face blindness could recognize common objects, such as cars.
They found that people with DP may not have been able to remember faces, but they could recognize objects, scenes and bodies.
"And so imagine that we find somebody who suffered brain damage. And they can't recognize faces any longer, but they still recognize cars in a parking lot and they can recognize scenes and things like that."
He says that suggests that faces are processed differently in the brain.
Duchaine says this study on face blindness will not directly lead to any treatments. However, he said it could lead to a deeper understanding of how we all remember the world around us.
"We hope that by really developing and understanding face processing itself — that will provide us with a model for understanding how other parts of the brain work."
And that's the Health & Lifestyle report. I'm Anna Matteo.

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2、重點解析

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?intelligence	[in'telid??ns]	n. 理解力，智力 n. 情報，情報工作，情報	聯想記憶	?
?functional	['f??k??n?l]	adj. 功能的，有功能的，實用的	?	?
?financing	[fai'n?nsi?]	n. 融資，資金供應 動詞finance的現在分詞	?	?
?recognize	['rek?gnaiz]	vt. 認出，認可，承認，意識到，表示感激	?	?
?artificial	[.ɑ:ti'fi??l]	adj. 人造的，虛偽的，武斷的	聯想記憶	?
?widespread	['waidspred]	adj. 分布(或散布)廣的，普遍的	?	?
?rare	[r??]	adj. 稀罕的，稀薄的，罕見的，珍貴的 ad	?	?
?psychological	[.saik?'l?d?ik?l]	adj. 心理(學)的	?	?
?foundation	[faun'dei??n]	n. 基礎，根據，建立? n. 粉底霜，基	聯想記憶	?
?perception	[p?'sep??n]	n. 感知，認識，觀念	?

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重點講解：
1. for short 作為簡稱；作為縮寫；
Artificial Intelligence (or AI,?for short)?is the name given to any attempt to have computers gain attributes of the human mind.
人工智能（縮寫為AI）這個名稱來源于一些想讓計算機擁有某些人類智能屬性的嘗試。
2. recover from 恢復健康；復原；
He's still?recovering from?his operation.
手術后，他仍在恢復之中。
3. result from 由…產生；由…引起；
Scientists suggest that this may?result from?alcohol's effect on visual perception abilities.
科學家認為這可能是由于酒精影響到了大腦的視覺認知能力。
4. take part in 參加；參與；
However, most of the parents thought their children would miss out if they did not?take part insuch activities.
盡管如此，大多數家長還是認為如果他們的孩子不參加這些活動，他們就會遠遠落后于別人。

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3、參考譯文

臉肓癥患者記不住別人的臉
這里是VOA慢速英語健康生活報道。
一些人很擅長記住他人的臉。他們見到你后，就永遠不會忘記你的長相。他們可能會說，“我從不會忘記別人的長相”或“我非常擅長記住他人的長相。”
但對有些人來說，記住別人的長相可能很難。你可能要和他們見好幾次面，他們才會認出你。
而對其他人來說，記住一個人的長相簡直是不可能的事。這類人患有一種名為“臉盲癥”的腦部疾病。這種疾病的實際名稱是“發展性面孔失認癥”，簡稱DP。
專家表示，發展性面孔失認癥患者的表現可能有很大不同。在不太嚴重的情況下，人們無法形容他們剛剛見過的人的長相。而在嚴重的情況下，人們甚至無法在集體照中認出自已的孩子。
許多發展性面孔失認癥患者沒有明顯癥狀。
以達西亞·里德為例。
如果你見過她，你可能不會知道她小時候遭受過腦損傷。在你第二次見到她時，才會有一些跡象表現出來。她不會記得你的長相。
里德的傷勢已經基本上恢復了。可是現在她患有臉肓癥。
達特茅斯學院的研究
臉盲癥曾被認為是罕見的疾病。但是最近的研究表明，這種疾病可能比專家認為的要常見得多。
針對臉盲癥的最新研究由美國達特茅斯學院的面容失認癥研究中心進行。美國國家科學基金會為這項研究提供了資助。
布拉德利·杜查是達特茅斯學院的心理學和腦科學教授。他和同樣來自達特茅斯學院的郭佳惠（音譯）在這項研究中進行了密切合作。
杜查表示，研究顯示，“許多發展性面孔失認癥患者表現出的神經系統異常現象比此前研究所表明的要更廣泛。”
研究人員對人們識別和處理他人長相的方式進行了研究。他們將22名發展性面孔失認癥患者和另外25個人進行了對比。研究人員向所有實驗對象展示了臉部、身體和物體的視頻以及其他圖像。
然后他們用功能性磁共振成像（簡稱fMRI）技術來測量每個人腦部的活動情況。功能性磁共振成像技術可以識別出血液流動造成的化學變化和其他變化。
其中一項測試是識別名人面孔。研究人員想知道實驗對象能否識別出著名人物的照片。
上文提到的那名女性達西亞·里德參加了這項研究。在看名人的照片時，她沒有認出演員喬治·克魯尼。
“啊！我不知道。”
她也沒有認出美國前總統喬治·布什。
“啊，我不認識。”
但是，她憑借一個具體特征認出了約翰·特拉沃爾塔。
“啊，這是約翰·特拉沃爾塔。耶！他的下巴，不可否認，他的下巴很特別。”
杜查表示，研究臉盲癥也許能幫助研究人員理解大腦的工作原理。
“我的主要關注點是試圖去理解正常大腦的組織，我們用遭受過腦損傷的大腦去推斷正常大腦的運作方式。”
舉例來說，杜查說他的團隊希望了解大腦是否以同樣的方式識別人和物。因此，研究人員對臉盲癥患者在識別汽車等常見物品上的表現進行了測試。
他們發現，發展性面孔失認癥患者可能無法記住他人的長相，但是他們能識別出物體、風景和身體。
“想象一下，我們發現一些得過腦損傷的人，他們無法識別出他人的長相，但是他們能識別出停車場的汽車，也能識別出風景之類的東西。”
他說，這表明大腦中的人臉識別程序是不同的。
杜查表示，這項臉盲癥研究不會直接帶來任何治療方法。但是，他說這一研究能使人們更加了解我們記住周圍世界的方式。
“我們希望，開發并理解面部處理能為我們提供了解大腦其他區域運作方式的模型。”
以上是健康生活報道。我是安娜·馬迪奧。

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參考： VOA慢速英語(翻譯+字幕+講解):臉肓癥患者記不住別人的臉_VOA慢速-健康報道 - 可可英語
http://www.kekenet.com/broadcast/201810/568377_3.shtml

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轉載于:https://www.cnblogs.com/Renyi-Fan/p/9860102.html

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