在對nutch源代碼運行ant runtime后，會創建一個runtime的目錄，在runtime目錄下有deploy和local 2個目錄。

[jediael@jediael runtime]$ ls

deploy ?local

這2個目錄分別代表nutch的2種運行方式：部署模式及本地模式。

1、nutch.sh中關于2種運行方式的執行

if $local; then# fix for the external Xerces lib issue with SAXParserFactoryNUTCH_OPTS="-Djavax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory=com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.jaxp.DocumentBuilderFactoryImpl $NUTCH_OPTS"EXEC_CALL="$JAVA $JAVA_HEAP_MAX $NUTCH_OPTS -classpath $CLASSPATH" else# check that hadoop can be found on the pathif [ $(which hadoop | wc -l ) -eq 0 ]; thenecho "Can't find Hadoop executable. Add HADOOP_HOME/bin to the path or run in local mode."exit -1;fi# distributed modeEXEC_CALL="hadoop jar $NUTCH_JOB" fi# run it exec $EXEC_CALL $CLASS "$@“
2、在deploy目錄下執行命令即為deploy模式，local目錄下執行命令即為local模式。

以下以inject為例，示范2種運行模式。

一、本地模式

1、基本用法：

$ bin/nutch inject Usage: InjectorJob <url_dir> [-crawlId <id>]
用法一：未指定id

liaoliuqingdeMacBook-Air:local liaoliuqing$ bin/nutch inject urls InjectorJob: starting at 2014-12-20 22:32:01 InjectorJob: Injecting urlDir: urls InjectorJob: Using class org.apache.gora.hbase.store.HBaseStore as the Gora storage class. InjectorJob: total number of urls rejected by filters: 0 InjectorJob: total number of urls injected after normalization and filtering: 1Injector: finished at 2014-12-20 22:32:15, elapsed: 00:00:14

用法二：指定id

$ bin/nutch inject urls -crawlId 2 InjectorJob: starting at 2014-12-20 22:34:01 InjectorJob: Injecting urlDir: urls InjectorJob: Using class org.apache.gora.hbase.store.HBaseStore as the Gora storage class. InjectorJob: total number of urls rejected by filters: 0 InjectorJob: total number of urls injected after normalization and filtering: 1Injector: finished at 2014-12-20 22:34:15, elapsed: 00:00:14
2、數據庫中的數據變化

上述命令將在hbase數據庫中新建一個表，表名為${id}_webpage，若未指定id，則表名為webpage.

然后將urls目錄中的文件內容寫入表中，作為爬蟲種子。

hbase(main):003:0> scan 'webpage' ROW COLUMN+CELL com.163.www:http/ column=f:fi, timestamp=1419085934952, value=\x00'\x8D\x00 com.163.www:http/ column=f:ts, timestamp=1419085934952, value=\x00\x00\x01Jh\x1C\xBC7 com.163.www:http/ column=mk:_injmrk_, timestamp=1419085934952, value=y com.163.www:http/ column=mk:dist, timestamp=1419085934952, value=0 com.163.www:http/ column=mtdt:_csh_, timestamp=1419085934952, value=?\x80\x00\x00 com.163.www:http/ column=s:s, timestamp=1419085934952, value=?\x80\x00\x00 1 row(s) in 0.6140 seconds
當再次執行inject命令時，會增加新的url進入表中。

3、其它運行腳本

where COMMAND is one of:inject inject new urls into the databasehostinject creates or updates an existing host table from a text filegenerate generate new batches to fetch from crawl dbfetch fetch URLs marked during generateparse parse URLs marked during fetchupdatedb update web table after parsingupdatehostdb update host table after parsingreaddb read/dump records from page databasereadhostdb display entries from the hostDBelasticindex run the elasticsearch indexersolrindex run the solr indexer on parsed batchessolrdedup remove duplicates from solrparsechecker check the parser for a given urlindexchecker check the indexing filters for a given urlplugin load a plugin and run one of its classes main()nutchserver run a (local) Nutch server on a user defined portjunit runs the given JUnit testorCLASSNAME run the class named CLASSNAME Most commands print help when invoked w/o parameters.
可以逐步運行一個完整抓取流程中的各個步驟，形成一個整體的流程。

當使用crawl命令進行抓取任務時，其基本流程步驟如下：

（1）InjectorJob

開始第一個迭代

（2）GeneratorJob

（3）FetcherJob

（4）ParserJob

（5）DbUpdaterJob

（6）SolrIndexerJob

開始第二個迭代

（2）GeneratorJob

（3）FetcherJob

（4）ParserJob

（5）DbUpdaterJob

（6）SolrIndexerJob

開始第三個迭代

具體每個步驟的執行，請見http://blog.csdn.net/jediael_lu/article/details/38591067

4、nutch封裝了一個crawl腳本，將各個關鍵步驟進行了封裝，從而無需逐步運行抓取流程。

[jediael@jediael local]$ bin/crawl Missing seedDir : crawl <seedDir> <crawlID> <solrURL> <numberOfRounds>
如：

[root@jediael44 bin]# ./crawl seed.txt TestCrawl http://localhost:8983/solr 2

二、部署模式

1、使用hadoop命令運行

注意：必須先啟動hadoop及hbase。

[jediael@jediael deploy]$ hadoop jar apache-nutch-2.2.1.job org.apache.nutch.crawl.InjectorJob file:///opt/jediael/apache-nutch-2.2.1/runtime/deploy/urls/ 14/12/20 23:26:50 INFO crawl.InjectorJob: InjectorJob: starting at 2014-12-20 23:26:50 14/12/20 23:26:50 INFO crawl.InjectorJob: InjectorJob: Injecting urlDir: file:/opt/jediael/apache-nutch-2.2.1/runtime/deploy/urls 14/12/20 23:26:52 INFO zookeeper.ZooKeeper: Client environment:zookeeper.version=3.3.2-1031432, built on 11/05/2010 05:32 GMT 14/12/20 23:26:52 INFO zookeeper.ZooKeeper: Client environment:host.name=jediael 14/12/20 23:26:52 INFO zookeeper.ZooKeeper: Client environment:java.version=1.7.0_51 14/12/20 23:26:52 INFO zookeeper.ZooKeeper: Client environment:java.vendor=Oracle Corporation 14/12/20 23:26:52 INFO zookeeper.ZooKeeper: Client environment:java.home=/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_51/jre 14/12/20 23:26:52 INFO zookeeper.ZooKeeper: Client environment:java.class.path=/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../conf:/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_51/lib/tools.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/..:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../hadoop-core-1.2.1.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/asm-3.2.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/aspectjrt-1.6.11.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/aspectjtools-1.6.11.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/commons-beanutils-1.7.0.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/commons-beanutils-core-1.8.0.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/commons-cli-1.2.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/commons-codec-1.4.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/commons-collections-3.2.1.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/commons-configuration-1.6.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/commons-daemon-1.0.1.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/commons-digester-1.8.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/commons-el-1.0.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/commons-httpclient-3.0.1.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/commons-io-2.1.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/commons-lang-2.4.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/commons-logging-1.1.1.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/commons-logging-api-1.0.4.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/commons-math-2.1.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/commons-net-3.1.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/core-3.1.1.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/hadoop-capacity-scheduler-1.2.1.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/hadoop-fairscheduler-1.2.1.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/hadoop-thriftfs-1.2.1.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/hsqldb-1.8.0.10.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/jackson-core-asl-1.8.8.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/jackson-mapper-asl-1.8.8.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/jasper-compiler-5.5.12.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/jasper-runtime-5.5.12.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/jdeb-0.8.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/jersey-core-1.8.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/jersey-json-1.8.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/jersey-server-1.8.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/jets3t-0.6.1.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/jetty-6.1.26.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/jetty-util-6.1.26.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/jsch-0.1.42.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/junit-4.5.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/kfs-0.2.2.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/log4j-1.2.15.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/mockito-all-1.8.5.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/oro-2.0.8.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/servlet-api-2.5-20081211.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/slf4j-api-1.4.3.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.4.3.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/xmlenc-0.52.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/jsp-2.1/jsp-2.1.jar:/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/jsp-2.1/jsp-api-2.1.jar 14/12/20 23:26:52 INFO zookeeper.ZooKeeper: Client environment:java.library.path=/opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../lib/native/Linux-amd64-64 14/12/20 23:26:52 INFO zookeeper.ZooKeeper: Client environment:java.io.tmpdir=/tmp 14/12/20 23:26:52 INFO zookeeper.ZooKeeper: Client environment:java.compiler=<NA> 14/12/20 23:26:52 INFO zookeeper.ZooKeeper: Client environment:os.name=Linux 14/12/20 23:26:52 INFO zookeeper.ZooKeeper: Client environment:os.arch=amd64 14/12/20 23:26:52 INFO zookeeper.ZooKeeper: Client environment:os.version=2.6.32-431.17.1.el6.x86_64 14/12/20 23:26:52 INFO zookeeper.ZooKeeper: Client environment:user.name=jediael 14/12/20 23:26:52 INFO zookeeper.ZooKeeper: Client environment:user.home=/home/jediael 14/12/20 23:26:52 INFO zookeeper.ZooKeeper: Client environment:user.dir=/opt/jediael/apache-nutch-2.2.1/runtime/deploy 14/12/20 23:26:52 INFO zookeeper.ZooKeeper: Initiating client connection, connectString=localhost:2181 sessionTimeout=180000 watcher=hconnection 14/12/20 23:26:52 INFO zookeeper.ClientCnxn: Opening socket connection to server localhost/127.0.0.1:2181 14/12/20 23:26:52 INFO zookeeper.ClientCnxn: Socket connection established to localhost/127.0.0.1:2181, initiating session 14/12/20 23:26:52 INFO zookeeper.ClientCnxn: Session establishment complete on server localhost/127.0.0.1:2181, sessionid = 0x14a5c24c9cf0657, negotiated timeout = 40000 14/12/20 23:26:52 INFO crawl.InjectorJob: InjectorJob: Using class org.apache.gora.hbase.store.HBaseStore as the Gora storage class. 14/12/20 23:26:55 INFO input.FileInputFormat: Total input paths to process : 1 14/12/20 23:26:55 INFO util.NativeCodeLoader: Loaded the native-hadoop library 14/12/20 23:26:55 WARN snappy.LoadSnappy: Snappy native library not loaded 14/12/20 23:26:56 INFO mapred.JobClient: Running job: job_201412202325_0002 14/12/20 23:26:57 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 0% reduce 0% 14/12/20 23:27:15 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 100% reduce 0% 14/12/20 23:27:17 INFO mapred.JobClient: Job complete: job_201412202325_0002 14/12/20 23:27:18 INFO mapred.JobClient: Counters: 20 14/12/20 23:27:18 INFO mapred.JobClient: Job Counters 14/12/20 23:27:18 INFO mapred.JobClient: SLOTS_MILLIS_MAPS=14058 14/12/20 23:27:18 INFO mapred.JobClient: Total time spent by all reduces waiting after reserving slots (ms)=0 14/12/20 23:27:18 INFO mapred.JobClient: Total time spent by all maps waiting after reserving slots (ms)=0 14/12/20 23:27:18 INFO mapred.JobClient: Rack-local map tasks=1 14/12/20 23:27:18 INFO mapred.JobClient: Launched map tasks=1 14/12/20 23:27:18 INFO mapred.JobClient: SLOTS_MILLIS_REDUCES=0 14/12/20 23:27:18 INFO mapred.JobClient: File Output Format Counters 14/12/20 23:27:18 INFO mapred.JobClient: Bytes Written=0 14/12/20 23:27:18 INFO mapred.JobClient: injector 14/12/20 23:27:18 INFO mapred.JobClient: urls_injected=3 14/12/20 23:27:18 INFO mapred.JobClient: FileSystemCounters 14/12/20 23:27:18 INFO mapred.JobClient: FILE_BYTES_READ=149 14/12/20 23:27:18 INFO mapred.JobClient: HDFS_BYTES_READ=130 14/12/20 23:27:18 INFO mapred.JobClient: FILE_BYTES_WRITTEN=78488 14/12/20 23:27:18 INFO mapred.JobClient: File Input Format Counters 14/12/20 23:27:18 INFO mapred.JobClient: Bytes Read=149 14/12/20 23:27:18 INFO mapred.JobClient: Map-Reduce Framework 14/12/20 23:27:18 INFO mapred.JobClient: Map input records=6 14/12/20 23:27:18 INFO mapred.JobClient: Physical memory (bytes) snapshot=106311680 14/12/20 23:27:18 INFO mapred.JobClient: Spilled Records=0 14/12/20 23:27:18 INFO mapred.JobClient: CPU time spent (ms)=2420 14/12/20 23:27:18 INFO mapred.JobClient: Total committed heap usage (bytes)=29753344 14/12/20 23:27:18 INFO mapred.JobClient: Virtual memory (bytes) snapshot=736796672 14/12/20 23:27:18 INFO mapred.JobClient: Map output records=3 14/12/20 23:27:18 INFO mapred.JobClient: SPLIT_RAW_BYTES=130 14/12/20 23:27:18 INFO crawl.InjectorJob: InjectorJob: total number of urls rejected by filters: 0 14/12/20 23:27:18 INFO crawl.InjectorJob: InjectorJob: total number of urls injected after normalization and filtering: 3 14/12/20 23:27:18 INFO crawl.InjectorJob: Injector: finished at 2014-12-20 23:27:18, elapsed: 00:00:27

三、附帶使用eclipse運行nutch的方式

此方法本質上是與部署模式一致的。

使用eclipse運行InjectorJob

eclipse輸出內容：

InjectorJob: starting at 2014-12-20 23:13:24 InjectorJob: Injecting urlDir: /Users/liaoliuqing/99_Project/2.x/urls InjectorJob: Using class org.apache.gora.hbase.store.HBaseStore as the Gora storage class. InjectorJob: total number of urls rejected by filters: 0 InjectorJob: total number of urls injected after normalization and filtering: 1Injector: finished at 2014-12-20 23:13:27, elapsed: 00:00:02

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