usb驱动文件_我的USB驱动器应使用什么文件系统？
usb驅(qū)動(dòng)文件
It can be tough transporting your videos and music to every device you use. How do you know your Mac, Xbox, and Windows PC can read your files? Read on to find your perfect USB drive solution.
將視頻和音樂傳輸?shù)侥褂玫拿颗_(tái)設(shè)備都可能很困難。 您如何知道Mac，Xbox和Windows PC可以讀取文件？ 繼續(xù)閱讀以找到理想的USB驅(qū)動(dòng)器解決方案。
File systems?are the sort of thing that many computer users take for granted. The most common file systems are?FAT32, exFAT, and NTFS?on Windows, APFS and HFS+ on macOS, and EXT on Linux—though you may run into others on occasion. But it can be confusing understanding what devices and operating systems supports which file systems—especially when all you want to do is transfer some files or keep your collection readable by all the devices you use. So, let’s take a look at the major file systems and hopefully, you can figure out the best solution for formatting your USB drive.
文件系統(tǒng)是許多計(jì)算機(jī)用戶理所當(dāng)然的事情。 最常見的文件系統(tǒng)是Windows上的FAT32，exFAT和NTFS ，macOS上的APFS和HFS +，以及Linux上的EXT-盡管有時(shí)可能會(huì)遇到其他文件系統(tǒng)。 但是，了解哪些設(shè)備和操作系統(tǒng)支持哪些文件系統(tǒng)可能會(huì)造成混亂，尤其是當(dāng)您要做的只是傳輸某些文件或使您使用的所有設(shè)備可讀性好時(shí)，尤其如此。 因此，讓我們看一下主要的文件系統(tǒng)，希望您能找到格式化USB驅(qū)動(dòng)器的最佳解決方案。
了解文件系統(tǒng)問題 (Understanding File System Problems)
Different file systems offer different ways of organizing data on a disk. Since only binary data is actually?written to disks, the file systems provide a way to translate the physical recordings on a disk to the format read by an OS. Since these file systems are key to the operating system making sense of the data, an OS cannot read data off of a disk?without support for the file system with which the disk is formatted. When you format a disk, the file system you choose essentially governs which devices can read or write to the disk.
不同的文件系統(tǒng)提供了不同的方式來組織磁盤上的數(shù)據(jù)。 由于實(shí)際上僅將二進(jìn)制數(shù)據(jù)寫入磁盤，因此文件系統(tǒng)提供了一種將磁盤上的物理記錄轉(zhuǎn)換為OS讀取的格式的方法。 由于這些文件系統(tǒng)是使操作系統(tǒng)理解數(shù)據(jù)的關(guān)鍵，因此，如果不支持格式化磁盤的文件系統(tǒng)，則OS無法從磁盤讀取數(shù)據(jù)。 格式化磁盤時(shí)，您選擇的文件系統(tǒng)實(shí)質(zhì)上決定了哪些設(shè)備可以讀取或?qū)懭氪疟P。
Many businesses and households have multiple PCs of different types in their home—Windows, macOS, and Linux being the most common. And if you carry files to friends houses or when you travel, you never know what type of system you may want those files on. Because of this variety, you need to format portable disks so?that they can move easily between the different operating systems you expect to use.
許多企業(yè)和家庭在家里都有多臺(tái)不同類型的PC，其中Windows，macOS和Linux是最常見的。 而且，如果您將文件攜帶到朋友家或旅行時(shí)，您將永遠(yuǎn)不知道您可能希望使用哪種類型的文件。 由于種類繁多，您需要格式化便攜式磁盤，以便它們可以在希望使用的不同操作系統(tǒng)之間輕松移動(dòng)。
But to make that decision, you need to understand the two major factors that can affect your file system choice:?portability?and?file size limits. We’re going to take a look at these two factors as they relate to the most common file systems:
但是要做出此決定，您需要了解可能影響文件系統(tǒng)選擇的兩個(gè)主要因素：可移植性和文件大小限制。 我們將研究與最常見的文件系統(tǒng)相關(guān)的這兩個(gè)因素：
NTFS:?The NT File System (NTFS) is the file system that modern Windows versions use by default.
NTFS： NT文件系統(tǒng)(NTFS)是現(xiàn)代Windows版本默認(rèn)使用的文件系統(tǒng)。
HFS+:?The Hierarchical File System (HFS+) is the file system modern macOS versions use by default.
HFS +：分層文件系統(tǒng)(HFS +)是現(xiàn)代macOS版本默認(rèn)使用的文件系統(tǒng)。
APFS: The proprietary Apple file system developed as a replacement for HFS+, with a focus on flash drives, SSDs, and encryption. APFS was released with iOS 10.3 and macOS 10.13, and will become the mandatory file system for those operating systems.
APFS：專有的Apple文件系統(tǒng)，是HFS +的替代產(chǎn)品，主要用于閃存驅(qū)動(dòng)器，SSD和加密。 APFS隨iOS 10.3和macOS 10.13一起發(fā)布，并將成為這些操作系統(tǒng)的必需文件系統(tǒng)。
FAT32:?The File Allocation Table 32 (FAT32) was the standard Windows file system before NTFS.
FAT32：文件分配表32(FAT32)是NTFS之前的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Windows文件系統(tǒng)。
exFAT:?The extended File Allocation Table (exFAT) builds on FAT32 and offers a lightweight system without all the overhead of NTFS.
exFAT：擴(kuò)展文件分配表(exFAT)建立在FAT32上，并提供了輕量級(jí)的系統(tǒng)，而沒有NTFS的所有開銷。
EXT 2, 3, & 4:?The extended file system (EXT) was the first file system created specifically for the Linux kernel.
EXT 2、3和4：擴(kuò)展文件系統(tǒng)(EXT)是第一個(gè)專門為Linux內(nèi)核創(chuàng)建的文件系統(tǒng)。
可移植性 (Portability)
You might think that modern operating systems would natively support each other’s file system, but they largely do not. For example, macOS can read—but not write to—disks formatted with NTFS. For the most part, Windows will not even recognize disks formatted with APFS or HFS+.
您可能會(huì)認(rèn)為，現(xiàn)代操作系統(tǒng)本來會(huì)支持彼此的文件系統(tǒng)，但實(shí)際上卻不支持。 例如，macOS可以讀取但不能寫入使用NTFS格式化的磁盤。 在大多數(shù)情況下，Windows甚至無法識(shí)別使用APFS或HFS +格式化的磁盤。
Many distros of Linux (like Ubuntu) are prepared to deal with this file system problem. Moving files from one file system to another is a routine process for Linux—many modern distros natively support NFTS and HFS+ or can get support with a quick download of free software packages.
許多Linux發(fā)行版(如Ubuntu)已準(zhǔn)備好解決此文件系統(tǒng)問題。 將文件從一個(gè)文件系統(tǒng)移動(dòng)到另一個(gè)文件系統(tǒng)是Linux的常規(guī)過程-許多現(xiàn)代發(fā)行版本身都支持NFTS和HFS +，或者可以通過免費(fèi)下載免費(fèi)軟件包來獲得支持。
In addition to this, your home consoles (Xbox 360, Playstation 4) only provide limited support for certain filesystems, and only provide read access to the USB drives. In order to better understand the best filesystem for your needs, take a look at this helpful chart.
除此之外，您的家庭控制臺(tái)(Xbox 360，Playstation 4)僅對(duì)某些文件系統(tǒng)提供有限的支持，并且僅提供對(duì)USB驅(qū)動(dòng)器的讀取訪問權(quán)限。 為了更好地了解您所需的最佳文件系統(tǒng)，請(qǐng)查看此有用的圖表。
| File System | Windows XP | Windows 7/8/10 | macOS (10.6.4 and earlier) | macOS (10.6.5 and later) | Ubuntu Linux | Playstation 4 | Xbox 360/One |
| NTFS? | Yes | Yes | Read Only | Read Only | Yes | No | No/Yes |
| FAT32 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes/Yes |
| exFAT | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes (with ExFAT packages) | Yes (with MBR, not GUID) | No/Yes |
| HFS+ | No | (read-only with Boot Camp) | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
| APFS | No | No | No | Yes (macOS 10.13 or greater) | No | No | No |
| EXT 2, 3, 4 | No | Yes (with third-party software) | No | No | Yes | No | Yes |
| 文件系統(tǒng) | Windows XP | Windows 7/8/10 | macOS(10.6.4和更早版本) | macOS(10.6.5及更高版本) | Ubuntu Linux | Playstation 4 | Xbox 360 /一個(gè) |
| NTFS | 是 | 是 | 只讀 | 只讀 | 是 | 沒有 | 否/是 |
| FAT32 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是的是的 |
| FAT文件 | 是 | 是 | 沒有 | 是 | 是(使用ExFAT軟件包) | 是(使用MBR，不使用GUID) | 否/是 |
| HFS + | 沒有 | (對(duì)于Boot Camp只讀) | 是 | 是 | 是 | 沒有 | 是 |
| 亞太地區(qū)食品安全局 | 沒有 | 沒有 | 沒有 | 是(macOS 10.13或更高版本) | 沒有 | 沒有 | 沒有 |
| EXT 2、3、4 | 沒有 | 是(使用第三方軟件) | 沒有 | 沒有 | 是 | 沒有 | 是 |
Keep in mind that this chart chose the native abilities of each OS to use these file systems. Windows and macOS?both have downloads that can help them read unsupported formats, but we’re really focusing on native ability here.
請(qǐng)記住，此圖表選擇了每個(gè)操作系統(tǒng)使用這些文件系統(tǒng)的本機(jī)功能。 Windows和macOS都有下載內(nèi)容，可以幫助他們讀取不受支持的格式，但是我們?cè)诖藢?shí)際上專注于本機(jī)功能。
The takeaway from this chart on portability is that FAT32 (having been around for so long) is supported on almost all devices. This makes it strong candidate for being the file system of choice for most USB drives, so long as you can live with FAT32’s file size limits—which we’ll go over next.
從該圖表的可移植性中得出的結(jié)論是，幾乎所有設(shè)備都支持FAT32(已經(jīng)存在了很長時(shí)間)。 只要您能夠遵守FAT32的文件大小限制，我們將成為大多數(shù)USB驅(qū)動(dòng)器選擇文件系統(tǒng)的有力候選者，我們將在后面進(jìn)行介紹。
文件和卷大小限制 (File and Volume Size Limits)
FAT32 was developed many years ago, and was based on older FAT filesystems meant for DOS computers. The large disk sizes of today were only theoretical in those days, so it probably seemed ridiculous to the engineers that anyone would ever need a file larger than 4 GB. However, with today’s large file sizes of uncompressed and high-def video, many users are faced with that very challenge.
FAT32是在多年前開發(fā)的，它基于用于DOS計(jì)算機(jī)的較舊FAT文件系統(tǒng)。 當(dāng)今的大磁盤容量在當(dāng)時(shí)只是理論上的事，因此對(duì)于工程師來說，任何人都需要大于4 GB的文件似乎很荒謬。 但是，隨著當(dāng)今未壓縮和高清視頻的大文件大小，許多用戶面臨著非常大的挑戰(zhàn)。
Today’s more modern file systems have upward limits that seem ridiculous by our modern standards, but one day may seem humdrum and ordinary. When stacked up against the competition, we see very quickly that FAT32 is showing its age in terms of file size limits.
當(dāng)今更現(xiàn)代的文件系統(tǒng)具有向上的限制，按照我們的現(xiàn)代標(biāo)準(zhǔn)看似荒謬，但有一天可能看起來很平淡和普通。 當(dāng)與競(jìng)爭對(duì)手一較高下時(shí)，我們很快就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)FAT32在文件大小限制方面正在顯示其年齡。
| File System | Individual File Size Limit | Single Volume Size Limit |
| NTFS? | Greater than commercially available drives | 16 EB |
| FAT32 | Less than 4 GB | Less than 8 TB |
| exFAT | Greater than commercially available drives | 64 ZB |
| HFS+ | Greater than commercially available drives | 8 EB |
| APFS | Greater than commercially available drives | 16 EB |
| EXT 2, 3 | 16 GB (up to 2 TB on some systems) | 32 TB |
| EXT 4 | 16 TiB | 1 EiB |
| 文件系統(tǒng) | 單個(gè)文件大小限制 | 單卷大小限制 |
| NTFS | 大于市售驅(qū)動(dòng)器 | 16 EB |
| FAT32 | 小于4 GB | 少于8 TB |
| FAT文件 | 大于市售驅(qū)動(dòng)器 | 64 ZB |
| HFS + | 大于商業(yè) 可用驅(qū)動(dòng)器 | 8 EB |
| 亞太地區(qū)食品安全局 | 大于商業(yè) 可用驅(qū)動(dòng)器 | 16 EB |
| EXT 2、3 | 16 GB(在某些系統(tǒng)上最高為2 TB) | 32 TB |
| EXT 4 | 16 TiB | 1個(gè)EiB |
Every newer file system handily whips FAT32 in the file size department, allowing for sometimes ridiculously large files.?And when you look at volume size limits, FAT32 still lets you format volumes up to 8 TB, which is more than enough for a USB drive. Other files systems allow volume sizes all the way up into the exobyte and zetabyte range.
每個(gè)較新的文件系統(tǒng)都會(huì)在文件大小部門中方便地鞭打FAT32，從而有時(shí)會(huì)產(chǎn)生可笑的大文件。 而且，當(dāng)您查看卷大小限制時(shí)，FAT32仍可讓您格式化高達(dá)8 TB的卷，這對(duì)于USB驅(qū)動(dòng)器來說已經(jīng)足夠了。 其他文件系統(tǒng)允許卷大小一直擴(kuò)展到exobyte和zetabyte范圍。
格式化驅(qū)動(dòng)器 (Formatting a Drive)
The process for formatting a drive is different depending on what system you’re using. Rather than detailing them all here, we’ll instead point you at a few handy guides on the subject:
根據(jù)使用的系統(tǒng)，格式化驅(qū)動(dòng)器的過程有所不同。 除了在這里沒有詳細(xì)說明之外，我們將為您提供有關(guān)該主題的一些便捷指南：
How to Erase and Format a Drive on Your Mac
如何在Mac上擦除和格式化驅(qū)動(dòng)器
How to Convert a Hard Drive or Flash Drive from FAT32 to NTFS Format
如何將硬盤驅(qū)動(dòng)器或閃存驅(qū)動(dòng)器從FAT32轉(zhuǎn)換為NTFS格式
How to Manage Partitions on Windows Without Downloading Any Other Software
如何在Windows上管理分區(qū)而不下載任何其他軟件
How to Use Fdisk to Manage Partitions on Linux
如何在Linux上使用Fdisk管理分區(qū)
How to Format a USB Drive in Ubuntu Using GParted
如何使用GParted在Ubuntu中格式化USB驅(qū)動(dòng)器
The conclusion to draw from all this is that while FAT32 has its issues, it’s the best file system to use for most portable drives. FAT32 finds support on the most devices, allows volumes up to 8 TB, and file sizes up to 4 GB.
從所有這些得出的結(jié)論是，盡管FAT32存在問題，但是它是用于大多數(shù)便攜式驅(qū)動(dòng)器的最佳文件系統(tǒng)。 FAT32可在大多數(shù)設(shè)備上找到支持，最多可支持8 TB的卷，最大可支持4 GB的文件。
If you need to transport files greater than 4 GB, you’ll need to take a closer look at your needs. If you only use Windows devices, NTFS is a good choice. If you only use macOS devices, HFS+ will work for you. And if you only use Linux devices, EXT is fine. And if you need support for more devices and bigger files, exFAT may fit the bill. exFAT is not supported on quite as many different devices as FAT32 is, but it comes close.
如果您需要傳輸大于4 GB的文件，則需要仔細(xì)查看您的需求。 如果僅使用Windows設(shè)備，則NTFS是一個(gè)不錯(cuò)的選擇。 如果僅使用macOS設(shè)備，則HFS +將為您工作。 如果僅使用Linux設(shè)備，則EXT很好。 而且，如果您需要更多設(shè)備和更大文件的支持，exFAT可能適合您。 與FAT32一樣，exFAT在許多不同的設(shè)備上均不受支持，但是它接近。
翻譯自: https://www.howtogeek.com/73178/what-file-system-should-i-use-for-my-usb-drive/
usb驅(qū)動(dòng)文件
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