缺少初始化文件，數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)是無(wú)法啟動(dòng)的。如果通過(guò)RMAN備份了初始化參數(shù)，那么可以通過(guò)RMAN對(duì)初始化參數(shù)進(jìn)行恢復(fù)。

這篇文章簡(jiǎn)單介紹CATALOG方式下初始化參數(shù)的恢復(fù)問(wèn)題。

初始化參數(shù)的丟失和損壞，并不會(huì)造成太嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題，即使是最壞的情況，導(dǎo)致無(wú)法進(jìn)行恢復(fù)，也是可以通過(guò)手工編輯一個(gè)新的PFILE文件，來(lái)啟動(dòng)實(shí)例的。

而且，在數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的alert文件中包含了每次數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)啟動(dòng)使用的所有非默認(rèn)值初始化參數(shù)，因此重新編寫(xiě)一個(gè)初始化參數(shù)并不困難。

不過(guò)，既然對(duì)SPFILE進(jìn)行了備份，那么完全可以采用恢復(fù)的方式來(lái)還原SPFILE。

對(duì)于CATALOG方式，SPFILE的恢復(fù)相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單很多。不過(guò)Oracle文檔上對(duì)于SPFILE的恢復(fù)的描述有些小問(wèn)題：SET DBID這個(gè)步驟是不能省略的，否則會(huì)報(bào)錯(cuò)。

$ rman target / catalog "rman/rman@testcen"

Recovery Manager: Release 9.2.0.4.0 - Production

Copyright (c) 1995, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.

connected to target database (not started)

connected to recovery catalog database

RMAN> startup force nomount;

startup failed: ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters

LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/opt/ora9/product/9.2/dbs/inittestdata.ora'

trying to start the Oracle instance without parameter files ...

Oracle instance started

Total System Global Area 97588504 bytes

Fixed Size 451864 bytes

Variable Size 46137344 bytes

Database Buffers 50331648 bytes

Redo Buffers 667648 bytes

RMAN> restore spfile;

Starting restore at 27-6月-07

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================

RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================

RMAN-03002: failure of restore command at 06/27/2007 10:36:46

RMAN-12010: automatic channel allocation initialization failed

RMAN-06004: ORACLE error from recovery catalog database: RMAN-20001: target database not found in recovery catalog

正確的方式如下：

$ rman target / catalog "rman/rman@testcen"

Recovery Manager: Release 9.2.0.4.0 - Production

Copyright (c) 1995, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.

connected to target database: DUMMY (not mounted)

connected to recovery catalog database

RMAN> set dbid 2270762593;

executing command: SET DBID

RMAN> startup force nomount

startup failed: ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters

LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/opt/ora9/product/9.2/dbs/inittestdata.ora'

trying to start the Oracle instance without parameter files ...

Oracle instance started

Total System Global Area 97588504 bytes

Fixed Size 451864 bytes

Variable Size 46137344 bytes

Database Buffers 50331648 bytes

Redo Buffers 667648 bytes

RMAN> restore spfile;

Starting restore at 27-6月-07

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=9 devtype=DISK

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_2

channel ORA_DISK_2: sid=10 devtype=DISK

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_3

channel ORA_DISK_3: sid=11 devtype=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backupset restore

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring SPFILE

output filename=/opt/ora9/product/9.2/dbs/spfiletestdata.ora

channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1

piece handle=/data1/backup/testdata/c-2270762593-20070626-01 tag=null params=NULL

channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete

Finished restore at 27-6月-07

RMAN> startup force

Oracle instance started

database mounted

database opened

Total System Global Area 1175525576 bytes

Fixed Size 452808 bytes

Variable Size 335544320 bytes

Database Buffers 838860800 bytes

Redo Buffers 667648 bytes

starting full resync of recovery catalog

full resync complete

SET DBID這個(gè)步驟是必須的。對(duì)于CATALOG模式，如果不知道數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的ID，可以通過(guò)CATALOG用戶登陸到CATALOG數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中進(jìn)行查詢：

$ sqlplus rman/rman@testcen

SQL*Plus: Release 9.2.0.4.0 - Production on星期三6月27 15:36:30 2007

Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.

Connected to:

Oracle9i Enterprise Edition Release 9.2.0.4.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP and Oracle Data Mining options

JServer Release 9.2.0.4.0 - Production

Session altered.

SQL> select dbid from rc_database where name = 'TESTDATA';

DBID

----------

2270762593

恢復(fù)之后，重啟數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)實(shí)例，使得SPFILE生效。

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