Git Bug分支
軟件開發(fā)中,bug就像家常便飯一樣。有了bug就需要修復,在Git中,由于分支是如此的強大,所以,每個bug都可以通過一個新的臨時分支來修復,修復后,合并分支,然后將臨時分支刪除。
當你接到一個修復一個代號101的bug的任務時,很自然地,你想創(chuàng)建一個分支issue-101來修復它,但是,等等,當前正在dev上進行的工作還沒有提交:
$ git status On branch dev Changes to be committed:(use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)new file: hello.pyChanges not staged for commit:(use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)(use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)modified: readme.txt并不是你不想提交,而是工作只進行到一半,還沒法提交,預計完成還需1天時間。但是,必須在兩個小時內修復該bug,怎么辦?
幸好,Git還提供了一個stash功能,可以把當前工作現(xiàn)場“儲藏”起來,等以后恢復現(xiàn)場后繼續(xù)工作:
$ git stash Saved working directory and index state WIP on dev: f52c633 add merge現(xiàn)在,用git status查看工作區(qū),就是干凈的(除非有沒有被Git管理的文件),因此可以放心地創(chuàng)建分支來修復bug。
首先確定要在哪個分支上修復bug,假定需要在master分支上修復,就從master創(chuàng)建臨時分支:
$ git checkout master Switched to branch 'master' Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master' by 6 commits.(use "git push" to publish your local commits)$ git checkout -b issue-101 Switched to a new branch 'issue-101'現(xiàn)在修復bug,需要把“Git is free software …”改為“Git is a free software …”,然后提交:
$ git add readme.txt $ git commit -m "fix bug 101" [issue-101 4c805e2] fix bug 1011 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)修復完成后,切換到master分支,并完成合并,最后刪除issue-101分支:
$ git checkout master Switched to branch 'master' Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master' by 6 commits.(use "git push" to publish your local commits)$ git merge --no-ff -m "merged bug fix 101" issue-101 Merge made by the 'recursive' strategy.readme.txt | 2 +-1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)太棒了,原計劃兩個小時的bug修復只花了5分鐘!現(xiàn)在,是時候接著回到dev分支干活了!
$ git checkout dev Switched to branch 'dev'$ git status On branch dev nothing to commit, working tree clean工作區(qū)是干凈的,剛才的工作現(xiàn)場存到哪去了?用git stash list命令看看:
$ git stash list stash@{0}: WIP on dev: f52c633 add merge工作現(xiàn)場還在,Git把stash內容存在某個地方了,但是需要恢復一下,有兩個辦法:
一是用git stash apply恢復,但是恢復后,stash內容并不刪除,你需要用git stash drop來刪除;
另一種方式是用git stash pop,恢復的同時把stash內容也刪了:
$ git stash pop On branch dev Changes to be committed:(use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)new file: hello.pyChanges not staged for commit:(use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)(use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)modified: readme.txtDropped refs/stash@{0} (5d677e2ee266f39ea296182fb2354265b91b3b2a)再用git stash list查看,就看不到任何stash內容了:
$ git stash list你可以多次stash,恢復的時候,先用git stash list查看,然后恢復指定的stash,用命令:
$ git stash apply stash@{0}小結
修復bug時,我們會通過創(chuàng)建新的bug分支進行修復,然后合并,最后刪除;
當手頭工作沒有完成時,先把工作現(xiàn)場git stash一下,然后去修復bug,修復后,再git stash pop,回到工作現(xiàn)場。
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