1.MySQL編碼集

查看MySQL支持的字符集

mysql> show character set;

查看MySQL當(dāng)前的字符集

mysql> show variables like 'character%';

+--------------------------+----------------------------+

| Variable_name | Value |

+--------------------------+----------------------------+

| character_set_client | utf8 |

| character_set_connection | utf8 |

| character_set_database | latin1 |

| character_set_filesystem | binary |

| character_set_results | utf8 |

| character_set_server | latin1 |

| character_set_system | utf8 |

| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |

+--------------------------+----------------------------+

8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

或者使用status命令或者\(yùn)s命令

上面的字符集是MySQL5.7.x安裝好默認(rèn)的字符集

命令的官網(wǎng)解釋:

2.修改字符集

臨時(shí)修改

-- set [global] variable_name=charset;

mysql> set global character_set_server=utf8;

永久修改

在my.cnf文件中指定

[client]

default-character-set=utf8

影響參數(shù):

character_set_client

character_set_connection

character_set_results

[mysqld]

character-set-server=utf8

影響參數(shù):

character_set_database

character_set_server

3.MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫中字符集轉(zhuǎn)換流程

MySQL收到請(qǐng)求時(shí)將請(qǐng)求數(shù)據(jù)從character_set_client轉(zhuǎn)換為character_set_connection

進(jìn)行內(nèi)部操作前將請(qǐng)求數(shù)據(jù)從character_set_connection轉(zhuǎn)換為內(nèi)部操作字符集，其確定方法如下

使用每個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)字段的CHARACTER SET設(shè)定值

若上述值不存在，則使用對(duì)應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)表的DEFAULT CHARACTER SET設(shè)定值(MySQL擴(kuò)展，非SQL標(biāo)準(zhǔn))

若上述值不存在，則使用對(duì)應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)庫的DEFAULT CHARACTER SET設(shè)定值

若上述值不存在，則使用character_set_server設(shè)定值

將操作結(jié)果從內(nèi)部操作字符集轉(zhuǎn)換為character_set_connection

將響應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)從character_set_connection轉(zhuǎn)為character_set_client

執(zhí)行SQL語句時(shí)信息的路徑是這樣的

信息輸入路徑：client → connection → server;

信息輸出路徑：server → connection → results.

4.修改現(xiàn)有字符集

修改數(shù)據(jù)庫的字符集

-- alter database db_name character set charset;

mysql> alter database snail character set utf8;

修改表的字符集

-- alter database table_name character set charset;

mysql> alter table people character set utf8;

修改列的字符集

-- alter table table_name change column_name column_name varchar(10) character set charset;

mysql> alter table people change name name varchar(10) character set utf8;

總結(jié)

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