c+++11并发编程语言,C++11并发编程:多线程std:thread
原標(biāo)題:C++11并發(fā)編程:多線程std:thread
一:概述
C++11引入了thread類,大大降低了多線程使用的復(fù)雜度,原先使用多線程只能用系統(tǒng)的API,無(wú)法解決跨平臺(tái)問(wèn)題,一套代碼平臺(tái)移植,對(duì)應(yīng)多線程代碼也必須要修改?,F(xiàn)在在C++11中只需使用語(yǔ)言層面的thread可以解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。
所需頭文件
二:構(gòu)造函數(shù)
1.默認(rèn)構(gòu)造函數(shù)
thread() noexcept
一個(gè)空的std::thread執(zhí)行對(duì)象
2.初始化構(gòu)造函數(shù)
template
explicit thread(Fn&& fn, Args&&... args);
創(chuàng)建std::thread執(zhí)行對(duì)象,線程調(diào)用threadFun函數(shù),函數(shù)參數(shù)為args。
void threadFun(int a)
{
cout << "this is thread fun !" << endl;
}
thread t1(threadFun, 2);
3.拷貝構(gòu)造函數(shù)
thread(const thread&) = delete;
拷貝構(gòu)造函數(shù)被禁用,std::thread對(duì)象不可拷貝構(gòu)造
void threadFun(int& a)
{
cout << "this is thread fun !" << endl;
}
int value = 2;
thread t1(threadFun, std::ref(value));
4.Move構(gòu)造函數(shù)
thread(thread&& x)noexcept
調(diào)用成功原來(lái)x不再是std::thread對(duì)象
void threadFun(int& a)
{
cout << "this is thread fun !" << endl;
}
int value = 2;
thread t1(threadFun, std::ref(value));
thread t2(std::move(t1));
t2.join();
三:成員函數(shù)
1.get_id()
獲取線程ID,返回類型std::thread::id對(duì)象。
thread t1(threadFun);
thread::id threadId = t1.get_id();
cout << "線程ID:" << threadId << endl;
//threadId轉(zhuǎn)換成整形值,所需頭文件
ostringstream oss;
oss << t1.get_id();
string strId = oss.str();
unsigned long long tid = stoull(strId);
cout << "線程ID:" << tid << endl;
2.join()
創(chuàng)建線程執(zhí)行線程函數(shù),調(diào)用該函數(shù)會(huì)阻塞當(dāng)前線程,直到線程執(zhí)行完join才返回。
thread t1(threadFun);
t1.join() //阻塞等待
3.detach()
detach調(diào)用之后,目標(biāo)線程就成為了守護(hù)線程,駐留后臺(tái)運(yùn)行,與之關(guān)聯(lián)的std::thread對(duì)象失去對(duì)目標(biāo)線程的關(guān)聯(lián),無(wú)法再通過(guò)std::thread對(duì)象取得該線程的控制權(quán)。
4.swap()
交換兩個(gè)線程對(duì)象
thread t1(threadFun1);
thread t2(threadFun2);
cout << "線程1的ID:" << t1.get_id() << endl;
cout << "線程2的ID:" << t2.get_id() << endl;
t1.swap(t2);
cout << "線程1的ID:" << t1.get_id() << endl;
cout << "線程2的ID:" << t2.get_id() << endl;
5.hardware_concurrency()
獲得邏輯處理器儲(chǔ)量,返回值為int型
int coreNum = thread::hardware_concurrency();
四:使用
1.創(chuàng)建線程
void threadFun1()
{
cout << "this is thread fun1 !" << endl;
}
int main()
{
thread t1(threadFun1);
t1.join();
getchar();
return 1;
}
2.創(chuàng)建線程,傳參
void threadFun1(int v)
{
cout << "this is thread fun1 !" << endl;
cout << v << endl;
}
int main()
{
int value = 6;
thread t1(threadFun1, value);
t1.join();
getchar();
return 1;
}
需要注意,變量int value 和int v 做變量傳遞時(shí)并不是引用,而是對(duì)變量做了拷貝,所以在傳遞給int v前,int value不能出作用域(釋放了內(nèi)存),join(),可以保證int value變量釋放內(nèi)存,如果使用detach(),可能存在這種情況。
3.創(chuàng)建線程,引用傳參
void threadFun1(int& v)
{
cout << "this is thread fun1 !" << endl;
cout << v << endl;
}
int main()
{
int value = 6;
thread t1(threadFun1, std::ref(value));
t1.join();
getchar();
return 1;
}
4.創(chuàng)建建線程,線程函數(shù)為類成員函數(shù)
class Object
{
public:
Object()
{
cout << "構(gòu)造函數(shù)" << endl;
}
~Object()
{
cout << "析構(gòu)函數(shù)" << endl;
}
void fun(string info)
{
cout << info << endl;
}
};
int main()
{
Object obj;
string str = "我是一個(gè)類的成員函數(shù)!";
thread t1(&Object::fun, &obj, str);
t1.join();
getchar();
return 1;
---------------------
作者:蝸牛201
原文:https://blog.csdn.net/woniu211111/article/details/85123281
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