algol語言

ALGOL：算法語言 (ALGOL: Algorithmic Language)

ALGOL is an abbreviation of "Algorithmic Language".

ALGOL是“算法語言”的縮寫 。

It is a family of very significant computer programming languages, initially designed and created in the mid-1950s, which significantly influenced a lot of additional languages and was the standard technique for algorithm report used by the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) in textbooks and academic sources for more than thirty years.

它是一門非常重要的計算機編程語言家族，最初是在1950年代中期設計和創建的，它極大地影響了許多其他語言，并且是計算機械協會(ACM)在教科書和計算機上使用的算法報告的標準技術。學術資源超過三十年。

ALGOL was possibly the most prominent of the four high-level programming languages amongst which it was almost modern and up to date: FORTRAN, Lisp, and COBOL. It was created to stay away from a number of the identified troubles with FORTRAN and in due course gave rise to numerous other programming languages, comprising PL/I, Simula, BCPL, B, Pascal, and C.

ALGOL可能是四種高級編程語言中最杰出的一種，它們幾乎是現代的并且是最新的：FORTRAN，Lisp和COBOL。 它的創建是為了避免FORTRAN帶來的許多麻煩，并在適當的時候出現了許多其他編程語言，包括PL / I，Simula，BCPL，B，Pascal和C。

• ALGOL launched code blocks.

  ALGOL啟動了代碼塊。

• It was also the first language executing nested function definitions with lexical scope.

  它也是第一種在詞法范圍內執行嵌套函數定義的語言。

• Besides, it was the first programming language that gave specified consideration to formal language definition and in the course of the ALGOL 60 details launched Backus–Naur Form, a principal formal grammar notation for language design.

  此外，它是第一款專門考慮形式語言定義的編程語言，并且在ALGOL 60的過程中推出了Backus–Naur Form，這是語言設計的一種主要形式語法符號。

There were three most significant designs, named subsequent to the years they were originally published:

有三種最重要的設計，以最初發表的年份命名：

• ALGOL 58: At the beginning put forward to be called IAL, for International Algebraic Language.

  ALGOL 58 ：最初提出稱為國際代數語言的IAL。

• ALGOL 60: first put into operation as X1 ALGOL 60 in mid-1960. Revised in 1963.

  ALGOL 60 ：于1960年中期首次作為X1 ALGOL 60投入運行。 1963年修訂。

• ALGOL 68: released new constituents comprising flexible arrays, slices, parallelism, and operator identification. Revised in 1973.

  ALGOL 68 ：發布了新的組成部分，包括靈活的數組，切片，并行性和操作員標識。 1973年修訂。

ALGOL 68 is significantly different from ALGOL 60 and was not well acknowledged so that in broad-spectrum "ALGOL" signifies ALGOL 60 and dialects thereof.

ALGOL 68與ALGOL 60顯著不同，并且沒有得到很好的認可，因此在廣譜中“ ALGOL ”表示ALGOL 60及其方言。

ALGOL歷史 (ALGOL History)

• In 1958, ALGOL was designed and created in cooperation by a committee of European and American computer scientists in a meeting at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich.

  1958年，在歐洲蘇黎世瑞士聯邦理工學院的一次會議上，由歐美計算機科學家委員會合作設計和創建了ALGOL。

• It denoted three different syntaxes:

  它表示了三種不同的語法：

• A reference syntax
• A publication syntax
• An implementation syntax

• The different syntaxes allowed it to use different keyword names and principle rules for decimal points for different languages.

  不同的語法允許它對不同語言的小數點使用不同的關鍵字名稱和原理規則。

• ALGOL was used typically by research computer scientists in the United States and Europe.

  美國和歐洲的研究計算機科學家通常使用ALGOL。

• Its use in commercial applications was impeded by the lack of standard input/output services and amenities in its report and the lack of interest in the language by huge computer sellers other than Burroughs Corporation.

  由于其報告中缺乏標準的輸入/輸出服務和便利性，以及Burroughs Corporation以外的大型計算機銷售商對該語言缺乏興趣，因此阻礙了其在商業應用中的使用。

• ALGOL 60 did, on the other hand, turn out to be the standard for the publication of algorithms and had an insightful effect on future language development.

  另一方面，ALGOL 60確實成為算法發布的標準，并且對未來的語言開發產生了深刻的影響。

Reference: ALGOL

參考： ALGOL

翻譯自: https://www.includehelp.com/dictionary/algol-full-form.aspx

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