密碼學常用的算法填充模式

Modes of operation of a block cipher are procedural rules for a generic block cipher. The different modes of operation result in different properties being achieved which add to the security of the underlying block cipher in the cryptography.

分組密碼的操作模式是通用分組密碼的程序規則。 不同的操作模式導致獲得不同的屬性，這增加了密碼學中基礎塊密碼的安全性。

The block cipher processes the data blocks of fixed size in the character. Eventually, the size of a message is larger than the block size in the modes. Hence, the long message is divided into a series of sequential message blocks which divides it into blocks, and the cipher operates on these blocks one at a time in the cryptography.

塊密碼處理字符中固定大小的數據塊。 最終，消息的大小大于模式中的塊大小。 因此，長消息被分為一系列連續的消息塊，這些消息塊將其分成多個塊，并且密碼在密碼學中一次對這些塊進行操作。

操作方式類型 (Types of mode of operations)

There are 5 types of mode of operation,

有5種操作模式，

Electronic CodeBook (ECB).

電子密碼簿(ECB)。

Cipher Block Chaining (CBC).

密碼塊鏈接(CBC)。

Cipher feedback (CFB).

密碼反饋(CFB)。

Output Feedback (OFB).

輸出反饋(OFB)。

Counter Mode (CTR).

計數器模式(CTR)。

1)電子密碼本(ECB) (1) Electronic Codebook (ECB))

This Electronic Code Book (ECB) is cryptography as a mode of operation for a block cipher, with the characters the main things that every feasible block of plaintext or an original text has a corresponding characteristic of ciphertext value and vice versa. In other words, the same or main plaintext or original value will always result or work in the same ciphertext value. Electronic Code Book(ECB) is used when a volume or character of plaintext is separated or divided into several blocks of data, each or every of which is then encrypted independently divides it into other blocks.

這種電子密碼書(ECB)是一種密碼術，是一種用于分組密碼的操作模式，其特征是，每個可行的明文或原始文本塊均具有對應的密文值特征，反之亦然。 換句話說，相同或主要的明文或原始值將始終產生或使用相同的密文值。 電子卷書(ECB)用于將明文的卷或字符分開或分成幾個數據塊，然后分別加密每個或每個數據塊將其分成其他塊。

2)密碼塊鏈接(CBC) (2) Cipher Block Chaining (CBC))

This is a Cipher block chaining (CBC) is a cryptography mode of operation for a block cipher (one in which a sequence of bits are encrypted as a single unit or a block with a ciphertext or encrypted key applied to the entire block of the cryptography). Cipher block chaining uses what is known as an initialization vector (IV) of a certain length of a character. There are one of its key characteristics is that it uses chaining the working mechanism that causes the decryption of a block of ciphertext to depend on all the preceding ciphertext blocks. As a result, the entire validity of all preceding blocks is contained in the cryptography immediately previous ciphertext block.

這是密碼塊鏈接(CBC)，是一種用于塊密碼的加密操作模式(一種加密模式，其中位序列被加密為單個單元，或者是將塊密碼或加密密鑰應用于加密的整個塊的塊)。 密碼塊鏈接使用某個字符長度的所謂的初始化向量(IV)。 它的主要特征之一是它使用鏈接工作機制，該機制導致密文塊的解密依賴于所有前面的密文塊。 結果，所有先前塊的全部有效性都包含在密碼術緊接前的密文塊中。

3)密碼回饋模式(CFB) (3) Cipher Feedback Mode (CFB))

This is Ciphertext feedback (CFB) which is also a mode of operation for a block cipher. In contrast to the cipher block chaining(CBC) mode, which encrypts a set number of bits of plaintext or original text at a time, it is at times desirable or sensible to encrypt and transfer or exchange some plaintext or original text values instantly one at a time, for which ciphertext feedback is a method in cryptography. Like cipher block chaining(CBC), ciphertext feedback(cfb) also makes use of an initialization vector (IV) in the blocks.

這是密文反饋(CFB)，也是塊密碼的一種操作模式。 與一次加密一定數量的純文本或原始文本的密碼塊鏈接(CBC)模式相反，有時希望或明智的做法是立即加密并傳輸或交換某些純文本或原始文本值。時間，密文反饋是密碼學中的一種方法。 像密碼塊鏈接(CBC)一樣，密文反饋(cfb)也使用了塊中的初始化向量(IV)。

4)輸出反饋模式(OFB) (4) Output Feedback Mode (OFB))

This is an output feedback (OFB) mode that is similar in structure to that of CFB in cryptography. It is the output of the encryption function that is fed back to the shift register in OFB in the cryptography, whereas in CFB in the mode of blocks, the ciphertext unit is fed back to the shift register in the block. The other difference is that the OFB mode operates on full blocks of plaintext or original text and ciphertext, not on an s-bit subset of character.

這是一種輸出反饋(OFB)模式，其結構與密碼學中的CFB相似。 加密功能的輸出被反饋到密碼術中的OFB中的移位寄存器，而在CFB中，在塊模式下，密文單元被反饋到塊中的移位寄存器。 另一個區別是，OFB模式對純文本或原始文本和密文的完整塊進行操作，而不對字符的s位子集進行操作。

5)計數器模式(CTR) (5) Counter Mode (CTR))

The Counter Mode or CTR is a simple counter based block cipher implementation in cryptography. Each or every time a counter initiated value is encrypted and given as input to XOR with plaintext or original text which results in ciphertext block. The CTR mode is independent of feedback use and thus can be implemented in parallel in this mode. It generates the next keystream block by encrypting successive values as named as "counter". This counter can be any purpose or function which generates a sequence that is guaranteed not to call for a long time, although an actual increment-by-one counter is the simplest or easiest and most popular or famous.

計數器模式或CTR是密碼術中基于計數器的簡單的塊密碼實現。 每次或每次對計數器的初始值進行加密，并以純文本或原始文本作為XOR的輸入時，都會產生密文塊。 CTR模式與反饋的使用無關，因此可以在此模式下并行實現。 它通過加密稱為“計數器”的連續值來生成下一個密鑰流塊。 該計數器可以是生成序列的任何目的或功能，該序列可以保證長時間不調用，盡管實際的逐一遞增計數器是最簡單，最簡單，最受歡迎或最受歡迎的。

翻譯自: https://www.includehelp.com/cryptography/mode-of-operation.aspx

密碼學常用的算法填充模式

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