无限极 php算法,无限极分类算法,对你一定有帮助
無(wú)限級(jí)分類是開(kāi)發(fā)中常見(jiàn)的情況,也經(jīng)常會(huì)在面試,主考官問(wèn)到,筆試中遇到,因此本文對(duì)常見(jiàn)的無(wú)限極分類算法進(jìn)行總結(jié)歸納,其實(shí)大多數(shù)就是迭代與遞歸。
1.循環(huán)迭代實(shí)現(xiàn)
$arr = [
1=>['id'=>1,'name'=>'父1','father'=>NULL],
2=>['id'=>2,'name'=>'父2','father'=>NULL],
3=>['id'=>3,'name'=>'父3','father'=>NULL],
4=>['id'=>4,'name'=>'兒1-1','father'=>1],
5=>['id'=>5,'name'=>'兒1-2','father'=>1],
6=>['id'=>6,'name'=>'兒1-3','father'=>1],
7=>['id'=>7,'name'=>'兒2-1','father'=>2],
8=>['id'=>8,'name'=>'兒2-1','father'=>2],
9=>['id'=>9,'name'=>'兒3-1','father'=>3],
10=>['id'=>10,'name'=>'兒3-1-1','father'=>9],
11=>['id'=>11,'name'=>'兒1-1-1','father'=>4],
12=>['id'=>12,'name'=>'兒2-1-1','father'=>7],
];
function generateTree($items){
$tree = array();
foreach($items as $item){
if(isset($items[$item['father']])){
$items[$item['father']]['son'][] = &$items[$item['id']];
}else{
$tree[] = &$items[$item['id']];
}
}
return $tree;
}
$tree = generateTree($arr);
print_r(json_encode($tree));
輸出:
分析:
這個(gè)算法利用了循環(huán)迭代,將線性結(jié)構(gòu)按照父子關(guān)系以樹(shù)形結(jié)構(gòu)輸出,算法的關(guān)鍵在于使用了引用.
優(yōu)點(diǎn):速度快,效率高.
缺點(diǎn):數(shù)組的key值必須與id值相同,不便于取出數(shù)據(jù)(同樣使用迭代獲取數(shù)據(jù))
2.遞歸實(shí)現(xiàn)
$arr = [
0=>['id'=>1,'name'=>'父1','father'=>0],
1=>['id'=>2,'name'=>'父2','father'=>0],
2=>['id'=>3,'name'=>'父3','father'=>0],
3=>['id'=>4,'name'=>'兒1-1','father'=>1],
4=>['id'=>5,'name'=>'兒1-2','father'=>1],
5=>['id'=>6,'name'=>'兒1-3','father'=>1],
6=>['id'=>7,'name'=>'兒2-1','father'=>2],
7=>['id'=>8,'name'=>'兒2-1','father'=>2],
8=>['id'=>9,'name'=>'兒3-1','father'=>3],
9=>['id'=>10,'name'=>'兒3-1-1','father'=>9],
10=>['id'=>11,'name'=>'兒1-1-1','father'=>4],
11=>['id'=>12,'name'=>'兒2-1-1','father'=>7],
];
function generateTree($arr,$id,$step){
static $tree=[];
foreach($arr as $key=>$val) {
if($val['father'] == $id) {
$flg = str_repeat('└―',$step);
$val['name'] = $flg.$val['name'];
$tree[] = $val;
generateTree($arr , $val['id'] ,$step+1);
}
}
return $tree;
}
$tree = generateTree($arr,0,0);
foreach ($tree as $val){
echo $val['name'].'
';
}
輸出
分析:
利用了遞歸,數(shù)組的key值與id值可以不相同,最后以順序的結(jié)構(gòu)輸出數(shù)組
優(yōu)點(diǎn):方便遍歷,查找父子元素
缺點(diǎn):php不擅長(zhǎng)遞歸,數(shù)據(jù)量大的情況下效率會(huì)顯著降低
總結(jié)
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