本節內容

列表、元組操作

字符串操作

字典操作

集合操作

文件操作

字符編碼與轉碼?

1. 列表、元組操作

列表是我們最以后最常用的數據類型之一，通過列表可以對數據實現最方便的存儲、修改等操作

定義列表

1 names = ['Alex',"Tenglan",'Eric']

通過下標訪問列表中的元素，下標從0開始計數

1 >>> names[0] 2 'Alex' 3 >>> names[2] 4 'Eric' 5 >>> names[-1] 6 'Eric' 7 >>> names[-2] #還可以倒著取 8 'Tenglan'

切片:取多個元素

1 >>> names = ["Alex","Tenglan","Eric","Rain","Tom","Amy"] 2 >>> names[1:4] #取下標1至下標4之間的數字，包括1，不包括4 3 ['Tenglan', 'Eric', 'Rain'] 4 >>> names[1:-1] #取下標1至-1的值，不包括-1 5 ['Tenglan', 'Eric', 'Rain', 'Tom'] 6 >>> names[0:3] 7 ['Alex', 'Tenglan', 'Eric'] 8 >>> names[:3] #如果是從頭開始取，0可以忽略，跟上句效果一樣 9 ['Alex', 'Tenglan', 'Eric'] 10 >>> names[3:] #如果想取最后一個，必須不能寫-1，只能這么寫 11 ['Rain', 'Tom', 'Amy'] 12 >>> names[3:-1] #這樣-1就不會被包含了 13 ['Rain', 'Tom'] 14 >>> names[0::2] #后面的2是代表，每隔一個元素，就取一個 15 ['Alex', 'Eric', 'Tom'] 16 >>> names[::2] #和上句效果一樣 17 ['Alex', 'Eric', 'Tom']

追加

1 >>> names 2 ['Alex', 'Tenglan', 'Eric', 'Rain', 'Tom', 'Amy'] 3 >>> names.append("我是新來的") 4 >>> names 5 ['Alex', 'Tenglan', 'Eric', 'Rain', 'Tom', 'Amy', '我是新來的']

插入

1 >>> names 2 ['Alex', 'Tenglan', 'Eric', 'Rain', 'Tom', 'Amy', '我是新來的'] 3 >>> names.insert(2,"強行從Eric前面插入") 4 >>> names 5 ['Alex', 'Tenglan', '強行從Eric前面插入', 'Eric', 'Rain', 'Tom', 'Amy', '我是新來的'] 6 7 >>> names.insert(5,"從eric后面插入試試新姿勢") 8 >>> names 9 ['Alex', 'Tenglan', '強行從Eric前面插入', 'Eric', 'Rain', '從eric后面插入試試新姿勢', 'Tom', 'Amy', '我是新來的']

修改

1 >>> names 2 ['Alex', 'Tenglan', '強行從Eric前面插入', 'Eric', 'Rain', '從eric后面插入試試新姿勢', 'Tom', 'Amy', '我是新來的'] 3 >>> names[2] = "該換人了" 4 >>> names 5 ['Alex', 'Tenglan', '該換人了', 'Eric', 'Rain', '從eric后面插入試試新姿勢', 'Tom', 'Amy', '我是新來的']

刪除

1 >>> del names[2] 2 >>> names 3 ['Alex', 'Tenglan', 'Eric', 'Rain', '從eric后面插入試試新姿勢', 'Tom', 'Amy', '我是新來的'] 4 >>> del names[4] 5 >>> names 6 ['Alex', 'Tenglan', 'Eric', 'Rain', 'Tom', 'Amy', '我是新來的'] 7 >>> 8 >>> names.remove("Eric") #刪除指定元素 9 >>> names 10 ['Alex', 'Tenglan', 'Rain', 'Tom', 'Amy', '我是新來的'] 11 >>> names.pop() #刪除列表最后一個值 12 '我是新來的' 13 >>> names 14 ['Alex', 'Tenglan', 'Rain', 'Tom', 'Amy']

擴展

>>> names ['Alex', 'Tenglan', 'Rain', 'Tom', 'Amy'] >>> b = [1,2,3] >>> names.extend(b) >>> names ['Alex', 'Tenglan', 'Rain', 'Tom', 'Amy', 1, 2, 3]

拷貝

1 >>> names 2 ['Alex', 'Tenglan', 'Amy', 'Tom', 'Amy', 1, 2, 3] 3 >>> names.count("Amy") 4 2

排序&翻轉

1 >>> names 2 ['Alex', 'Tenglan', 'Amy', 'Tom', 'Amy', 1, 2, 3] 3 >>> names.sort() #排序 4 Traceback (most recent call last): 5 File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> 6 TypeError: unorderable types: int() < str() #3.0里不同數據類型不能放在一起排序了，擦 7 >>> names[-3] = '1' 8 >>> names[-2] = '2' 9 >>> names[-1] = '3' 10 >>> names 11 ['Alex', 'Amy', 'Amy', 'Tenglan', 'Tom', '1', '2', '3'] 12 >>> names.sort() 13 >>> names 14 ['1', '2', '3', 'Alex', 'Amy', 'Amy', 'Tenglan', 'Tom'] 15 16 >>> names.reverse() #反轉 17 >>> names 18 ['Tom', 'Tenglan', 'Amy', 'Amy', 'Alex', '3', '2', '1']

獲取下標

1 >>> names 2 ['Tom', 'Tenglan', 'Amy', 'Amy', 'Alex', '3', '2', '1'] 3 >>> names.index("Amy") 4 2 #只返回找到的第一個下標

元組

元組其實跟列表差不多，也是存一組數，只不是它一旦創建，便不能再修改，所以又叫只讀列表

語法

1 names = ("alex","jack","eric")

它只有2個方法，一個是count,一個是index，完畢。　　

程序練習?

請閉眼寫出以下程序。

程序：購物車程序

需求:

啟動程序后，讓用戶輸入工資，然后打印商品列表

允許用戶根據商品編號購買商品

用戶選擇商品后，檢測余額是否夠，夠就直接扣款，不夠就提醒?

可隨時退出，退出時，打印已購買商品和余額

2. 字符串操作　

特性：不可修改　

1 name.capitalize() 首字母大寫 2 name.casefold() 大寫全部變小寫 3 name.center(50,"-") 輸出 '---------------------Alex Li----------------------' 4 name.count('lex') 統計 lex出現次數 5 name.encode() 將字符串編碼成bytes格式 6 name.endswith("Li") 判斷字符串是否以 Li結尾 7 "Alex\tLi".expandtabs(10) 輸出'Alex Li'， 將\t轉換成多長的空格 8 name.find('A') 查找A,找到返回其索引， 找不到返回-1 9 10 format : 11 >>> msg = "my name is {}, and age is {}" 12 >>> msg.format("alex",22) 13 'my name is alex, and age is 22' 14 >>> msg = "my name is {1}, and age is {0}" 15 >>> msg.format("alex",22) 16 'my name is 22, and age is alex' 17 >>> msg = "my name is {name}, and age is {age}" 18 >>> msg.format(age=22,name="ale") 19 'my name is ale, and age is 22' 20 format_map 21 >>> msg.format_map({'name':'alex','age':22}) 22 'my name is alex, and age is 22' 23 24 25 msg.index('a') 返回a所在字符串的索引 26 '9aA'.isalnum() True 27 28 '9'.isdigit() 是否整數 29 name.isnumeric 30 name.isprintable 31 name.isspace 32 name.istitle 33 name.isupper 34 "|".join(['alex','jack','rain']) 35 'alex|jack|rain' 36 37 38 maketrans 39 >>> intab = "aeiou" #This is the string having actual characters. 40 >>> outtab = "12345" #This is the string having corresponding mapping character 41 >>> trantab = str.maketrans(intab, outtab) 42 >>> 43 >>> str = "this is string example....wow!!!" 44 >>> str.translate(trantab) 45 'th3s 3s str3ng 2x1mpl2....w4w!!!' 46 47 msg.partition('is') 輸出 ('my name ', 'is', ' {name}, and age is {age}') 48 49 >>> "alex li, chinese name is lijie".replace("li","LI",1) 50 'alex LI, chinese name is lijie' 51 52 msg.swapcase 大小寫互換 53 54 55 >>> msg.zfill(40) 56 '00000my name is {name}, and age is {age}' 57 58 59 60 >>> n4.ljust(40,"-") 61 'Hello 2orld-----------------------------' 62 >>> n4.rjust(40,"-") 63 '-----------------------------Hello 2orld' 64 65 66 >>> b="ddefdsdff_哈哈" 67 >>> b.isidentifier() #檢測一段字符串可否被當作標志符，即是否符合變量命名規則 68 True

3. 字典操作

字典一種key - value 的數據類型，使用就像我們上學用的字典，通過筆劃、字母來查對應頁的詳細內容。

語法:

info = {'stu1101': "TengLan Wu",'stu1102': "LongZe Luola",'stu1103': "XiaoZe Maliya", }

字典的特性：

• dict是無序的
• key必須是唯一的,so 天生去重

增加

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>>> info["stu1104"] = "蒼井空" >>> info {'stu1102': 'LongZe Luola', 'stu1104': '蒼井空', 'stu1103': 'XiaoZe Maliya', 'stu1101': 'TengLan Wu'}

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修改

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>>> info['stu1101'] = "武藤蘭" >>> info {'stu1102': 'LongZe Luola', 'stu1103': 'XiaoZe Maliya', 'stu1101': '武藤蘭'}

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刪除

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>>> info {'stu1102': 'LongZe Luola', 'stu1103': 'XiaoZe Maliya', 'stu1101': '武藤蘭'} >>> info.pop("stu1101") #標準刪除姿勢 '武藤蘭' >>> info {'stu1102': 'LongZe Luola', 'stu1103': 'XiaoZe Maliya'} >>> del info['stu1103'] #換個姿勢刪除 >>> info {'stu1102': 'LongZe Luola'} >>> >>> >>> >>> info = {'stu1102': 'LongZe Luola', 'stu1103': 'XiaoZe Maliya'} >>> info {'stu1102': 'LongZe Luola', 'stu1103': 'XiaoZe Maliya'} #隨機刪除 >>> info.popitem() ('stu1102', 'LongZe Luola') >>> info {'stu1103': 'XiaoZe Maliya'}

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查找

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>>> info = {'stu1102': 'LongZe Luola', 'stu1103': 'XiaoZe Maliya'} >>> >>> "stu1102" in info #標準用法 True >>> info.get("stu1102") #獲取 'LongZe Luola' >>> info["stu1102"] #同上，但是看下面 'LongZe Luola' >>> info["stu1105"] #如果一個key不存在，就報錯，get不會，不存在只返回None Traceback (most recent call last):File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> KeyError: 'stu1105'

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多級字典嵌套及操作

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av_catalog = {"歐美":{"www.youporn.com": ["很多免費的,世界最大的","質量一般"],"www.pornhub.com": ["很多免費的,也很大","質量比yourporn高點"],"letmedothistoyou.com": ["多是自拍,高質量圖片很多","資源不多,更新慢"],"x-art.com":["質量很高,真的很高","全部收費,屌比請繞過"]},"日韓":{"tokyo-hot":["質量怎樣不清楚,個人已經不喜歡日韓范了","聽說是收費的"]},"大陸":{"1024":["全部免費,真好,好人一生平安","服務器在國外,慢"]} }av_catalog["大陸"]["1024"][1] += ",可以用爬蟲爬下來" print(av_catalog["大陸"]["1024"]) #ouput ['全部免費,真好,好人一生平安', '服務器在國外,慢,可以用爬蟲爬下來']

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其它姿勢

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#values >>> info.values() dict_values(['LongZe Luola', 'XiaoZe Maliya'])#keys >>> info.keys() dict_keys(['stu1102', 'stu1103'])#setdefault >>> info.setdefault("stu1106","Alex") 'Alex' >>> info {'stu1102': 'LongZe Luola', 'stu1103': 'XiaoZe Maliya', 'stu1106': 'Alex'} >>> info.setdefault("stu1102","龍澤蘿拉") 'LongZe Luola' >>> info {'stu1102': 'LongZe Luola', 'stu1103': 'XiaoZe Maliya', 'stu1106': 'Alex'}#update >>> info {'stu1102': 'LongZe Luola', 'stu1103': 'XiaoZe Maliya', 'stu1106': 'Alex'} >>> b = {1:2,3:4, "stu1102":"龍澤蘿拉"} >>> info.update(b) >>> info {'stu1102': '龍澤蘿拉', 1: 2, 3: 4, 'stu1103': 'XiaoZe Maliya', 'stu1106': 'Alex'}#items info.items() dict_items([('stu1102', '龍澤蘿拉'), (1, 2), (3, 4), ('stu1103', 'XiaoZe Maliya'), ('stu1106', 'Alex')])#通過一個列表生成默認dict,有個沒辦法解釋的坑，少用吧這個 >>> dict.fromkeys([1,2,3],'testd') {1: 'testd', 2: 'testd', 3: 'testd'}

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循環dict?

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#方法1 for key in info:print(key,info[key])#方法2 for k,v in info.items(): #會先把dict轉成list,數據里大時莫用print(k,v)

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程序練習

程序: 三級菜單

要求:?

打印省、市、縣三級菜單

可返回上一級

可隨時退出程序

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menu = {'北京':{'海淀':{'五道口':{'soho':{},'網易':{},'google':{}},'中關村':{'愛奇藝':{},'汽車之家':{},'youku':{},},'上地':{'百度':{},},},'昌平':{'沙河':{'老男孩':{},'北航':{},},'天通苑':{},'回龍觀':{},},'朝陽':{},'東城':{},},'上海':{'閔行':{"人民廣場":{'炸雞店':{}}},'閘北':{'火車戰':{'攜程':{}}},'浦東':{},},'山東':{}, }exit_flag = False current_layer = menulayers = [menu]while not exit_flag:for k in current_layer:print(k)choice = input(">>:").strip()if choice == "b":current_layer = layers[-1]#print("change to laster", current_layer) layers.pop()elif choice not in current_layer:continueelse:layers.append(current_layer)current_layer = current_layer[choice]

4.集合操作

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集合是一個無序的，不重復的數據組合，它的主要作用如下：

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• 去重，把一個列表變成集合，就自動去重了
• 關系測試，測試兩組數據之前的交集、差集、并集等關系

常用操作

s = set([3,5,9,10]) #創建一個數值集合 t = set("Hello") #創建一個唯一字符的集合 a = t | s # t 和 s的并集 b = t & s # t 和 s的交集 c = t – s # 求差集（項在t中，但不在s中） d = t ^ s # 對稱差集（項在t或s中，但不會同時出現在二者中） 基本操作： t.add('x') # 添加一項 s.update([10,37,42]) # 在s中添加多項 使用remove()可以刪除一項： t.remove('H') len(s) set 的長度 x in s 測試 x 是否是 s 的成員 x not in s 測試 x 是否不是 s 的成員 s.issubset(t) s <= t 測試是否 s 中的每一個元素都在 t 中 s.issuperset(t) s >= t 測試是否 t 中的每一個元素都在 s 中 s.union(t) s | t 返回一個新的 set 包含 s 和 t 中的每一個元素 s.intersection(t) s & t 返回一個新的 set 包含 s 和 t 中的公共元素 s.difference(t) s - t 返回一個新的 set 包含 s 中有但是 t 中沒有的元素 s.symmetric_difference(t) s ^ t 返回一個新的 set 包含 s 和 t 中不重復的元素 s.copy() 返回 set “s”的一個淺復制

5. 文件操作

對文件操作流程

打開文件，得到文件句柄并賦值給一個變量

通過句柄對文件進行操作

關閉文件?

現有文件如下?

1 Somehow, it seems the love I knew was always the most destructive kind 2 不知為何，我經歷的愛情總是最具毀滅性的的那種 3 Yesterday when I was young 4 昨日當我年少輕狂 5 The taste of life was sweet 6 生命的滋味是甜的 7 As rain upon my tongue 8 就如舌尖上的雨露 9 I teased at life as if it were a foolish game 10 我戲弄生命 視其為愚蠢的游戲 11 The way the evening breeze 12 就如夜晚的微風 13 May tease the candle flame 14 逗弄蠟燭的火苗 15 The thousand dreams I dreamed 16 我曾千萬次夢見 17 The splendid things I planned 18 那些我計劃的絢麗藍圖 19 I always built to last on weak and shifting sand 20 但我總是將之建筑在易逝的流沙上 21 I lived by night and shunned the naked light of day 22 我夜夜笙歌 逃避白晝赤裸的陽光 23 And only now I see how the time ran away 24 事到如今我才看清歲月是如何匆匆流逝 25 Yesterday when I was young 26 昨日當我年少輕狂 27 So many lovely songs were waiting to be sung 28 有那么多甜美的曲兒等我歌唱 29 So many wild pleasures lay in store for me 30 有那么多肆意的快樂等我享受 31 And so much pain my eyes refused to see 32 還有那么多痛苦 我的雙眼卻視而不見 33 I ran so fast that time and youth at last ran out 34 我飛快地奔走 最終時光與青春消逝殆盡 35 I never stopped to think what life was all about 36 我從未停下腳步去思考生命的意義 37 And every conversation that I can now recall 38 如今回想起的所有對話 39 Concerned itself with me and nothing else at all 40 除了和我相關的 什么都記不得了 41 The game of love I played with arrogance and pride 42 我用自負和傲慢玩著愛情的游戲 43 And every flame I lit too quickly, quickly died 44 所有我點燃的火焰都熄滅得太快 45 The friends I made all somehow seemed to slip away 46 所有我交的朋友似乎都不知不覺地離開了 47 And only now I'm left alone to end the play, yeah 48 只剩我一個人在臺上來結束這場鬧劇 49 Oh, yesterday when I was young 50 噢 昨日當我年少輕狂 51 So many, many songs were waiting to be sung 52 有那么那么多甜美的曲兒等我歌唱 53 So many wild pleasures lay in store for me 54 有那么多肆意的快樂等我享受 55 And so much pain my eyes refused to see 56 還有那么多痛苦 我的雙眼卻視而不見 57 There are so many songs in me that won't be sung 58 我有太多歌曲永遠不會被唱起 59 I feel the bitter taste of tears upon my tongue 60 我嘗到了舌尖淚水的苦澀滋味 61 The time has come for me to pay for yesterday 62 終于到了付出代價的時間 為了昨日 63 When I was young 64 當我年少輕狂

基本操作　

1 f = open('lyrics') #打開文件 2 first_line = f.readline() 3 print('first line:',first_line) #讀一行 4 print('我是分隔線'.center(50,'-')) 5 data = f.read()# 讀取剩下的所有內容,文件大時不要用 6 print(data) #打印文件 7 8 f.close() #關閉文件

打開文件的模式有：

• r，只讀模式（默認）。
• w，只寫模式。【不可讀；不存在則創建；存在則刪除內容；】
• a，追加模式。【可讀； ? 不存在則創建；存在則只追加內容；】

"+" 表示可以同時讀寫某個文件

• r+，可讀寫文件。【可讀；可寫；可追加】
• w+，寫讀
• a+，同a

"U"表示在讀取時，可以將 \r \n \r\n自動轉換成 \n （與 r 或 r+ 模式同使用）

• rU
• r+U

"b"表示處理二進制文件（如：FTP發送上傳ISO鏡像文件，linux可忽略，windows處理二進制文件時需標注）

• rb
• wb
• ab

其它語法

1 def close(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 2 """ 3 Close the file. 4 5 A closed file cannot be used for further I/O operations. close() may be 6 called more than once without error. 7 """ 8 pass 9 10 def fileno(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 11 """ Return the underlying file descriptor (an integer). """ 12 pass 13 14 def isatty(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 15 """ True if the file is connected to a TTY device. """ 16 pass 17 18 def read(self, size=-1): # known case of _io.FileIO.read 19 """ 20 注意，不一定能全讀回來 21 Read at most size bytes, returned as bytes. 22 23 Only makes one system call, so less data may be returned than requested. 24 In non-blocking mode, returns None if no data is available. 25 Return an empty bytes object at EOF. 26 """ 27 return "" 28 29 def readable(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 30 """ True if file was opened in a read mode. """ 31 pass 32 33 def readall(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 34 """ 35 Read all data from the file, returned as bytes. 36 37 In non-blocking mode, returns as much as is immediately available, 38 or None if no data is available. Return an empty bytes object at EOF. 39 """ 40 pass 41 42 def readinto(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 43 """ Same as RawIOBase.readinto(). """ 44 pass #不要用,沒人知道它是干嘛用的 45 46 def seek(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 47 """ 48 Move to new file position and return the file position. 49 50 Argument offset is a byte count. Optional argument whence defaults to 51 SEEK_SET or 0 (offset from start of file, offset should be >= 0); other values 52 are SEEK_CUR or 1 (move relative to current position, positive or negative), 53 and SEEK_END or 2 (move relative to end of file, usually negative, although 54 many platforms allow seeking beyond the end of a file). 55 56 Note that not all file objects are seekable. 57 """ 58 pass 59 60 def seekable(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 61 """ True if file supports random-access. """ 62 pass 63 64 def tell(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 65 """ 66 Current file position. 67 68 Can raise OSError for non seekable files. 69 """ 70 pass 71 72 def truncate(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 73 """ 74 Truncate the file to at most size bytes and return the truncated size. 75 76 Size defaults to the current file position, as returned by tell(). 77 The current file position is changed to the value of size. 78 """ 79 pass 80 81 def writable(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 82 """ True if file was opened in a write mode. """ 83 pass 84 85 def write(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 86 """ 87 Write bytes b to file, return number written. 88 89 Only makes one system call, so not all of the data may be written. 90 The number of bytes actually written is returned. In non-blocking mode, 91 returns None if the write would block. 92 """ 93 pass

with語句

為了避免打開文件后忘記關閉，可以通過管理上下文，即：

with open('log','r') as f:...

如此方式，當with代碼塊執行完畢時，內部會自動關閉并釋放文件資源。

在Python 2.7 后，with又支持同時對多個文件的上下文進行管理，即：

with open('log1') as obj1, open('log2') as obj2:pass

程序練習　　

程序1: 實現簡單的shell sed替換功能

程序2:修改haproxy配置文件?

需求：

1、查輸入：www.oldboy.org獲取當前backend下的所有記錄2、新建輸入：arg = {'bakend': 'www.oldboy.org','record':{'server': '100.1.7.9','weight': 20,'maxconn': 30}}3、刪除輸入：arg = {'bakend': 'www.oldboy.org','record':{'server': '100.1.7.9','weight': 20,'maxconn': 30}} global log 127.0.0.1 local2daemonmaxconn 256log 127.0.0.1 local2 info defaultslog globalmode httptimeout connect 5000mstimeout client 50000mstimeout server 50000msoption dontlognulllisten stats :8888stats enablestats uri /adminstats auth admin:1234frontend oldboy.orgbind 0.0.0.0:80option httplogoption httpcloseoption forwardforlog globalacl www hdr_reg(host) -i www.oldboy.orguse_backend www.oldboy.org if wwwbackend www.oldboy.orgserver 100.1.7.9 100.1.7.9 weight 20 maxconn 3000 原配置文件

6.?字符編碼與轉碼

詳細文章:

http://www.cnblogs.com/yuanchenqi/articles/5956943.html

http://www.diveintopython3.net/strings.html

需知:

1.在python2默認編碼是ASCII, python3里默認是unicode

2.unicode 分為 utf-32(占4個字節),utf-16(占兩個字節)，utf-8(占1-4個字節)， so utf-16就是現在最常用的unicode版本， 不過在文件里存的還是utf-8，因為utf8省空間

3.在py3中encode,在轉碼的同時還會把string 變成bytes類型，decode在解碼的同時還會把bytes變回string

?

?上圖僅適用于py2

#-*-coding:utf-8-*- __author__ = 'Alex Li'import sys print(sys.getdefaultencoding())msg = "我愛北京天安門" msg_gb2312 = msg.decode("utf-8").encode("gb2312") gb2312_to_gbk = msg_gb2312.decode("gbk").encode("gbk")print(msg) print(msg_gb2312) print(gb2312_to_gbk) #-*-coding:gb2312 -*- #這個也可以去掉 __author__ = 'Alex Li'import sys print(sys.getdefaultencoding())msg = "我愛北京天安門" #msg_gb2312 = msg.decode("utf-8").encode("gb2312") msg_gb2312 = msg.encode("gb2312") #默認就是unicode,不用再decode,喜大普奔 gb2312_to_unicode = msg_gb2312.decode("gb2312") gb2312_to_utf8 = msg_gb2312.decode("gb2312").encode("utf-8")print(msg) print(msg_gb2312) print(gb2312_to_unicode) print(gb2312_to_utf8)

7. ?內置函數

轉載于:https://www.cnblogs.com/xyyhcn/p/10199547.html

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