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背景:
??????? 隨著你的網站業務量的增長你網站的服務器壓力越來越大？需要負載均衡方案！商業的硬件如F5又太貴，你們又是創業型互聯公司如何有效節約成本，節省不必要的浪費？同時實現商業硬件一樣的高性能高可用的功能？有什么好的負載均衡可伸張可擴展的方案嗎？答案是肯定的！有！我們利用 LVS+Keepalived基于完整開源軟件的架構可以為你提供一個負載均衡及高可用的服務器。

LVS+Keepalived 介紹
LVS
??????? LVS是Linux Virtual Server的簡寫，意即Linux虛擬服務器，是一個虛擬的服務器集群系統。本項目在1998年5月由章文嵩博士成立，是中國國內最早出現的自由軟件項目之一.目前有三種IP負載均衡技術（VS/NAT、VS/TUN和VS/DR）；
八種調度算法（rr,wrr,lc,wlc,lblc,lblcr,dh,sh）。

Keepalvied
??????? Keepalived在這里主要用作RealServer的健康狀態檢查以及LoadBalance主機和BackUP主機之間failover的實現
二. 網站負載均衡構架圖


IP信息列表：
名稱??????????????????? IP
LVS-DR-Master??????? 61.164.122.6???????
LVS-DR-BACKUP??????? 61.164.122.7???????
LVS-DR-VIP?????????? 61.164.122.8???????
WEB1-Realserver????? 61.164.122.9???????
WEB2-Realserver????? 61.164.122.10???????
GateWay????????????? 61.164.122.1?
三. 安裝LVS和Keepalvied軟件包
1. 下載相關軟件包

#mkdir?/usr/local/src/lvs #cd?/usr/local/src/lvs #wget?#wget?http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.1.15.tar.gz

2.安裝LVS和Keepalived

????????#lsmod?|grep?ip_vs#uname?-r2.6.18-53.el5PAE#ln?-s?/usr/src/kernels/2.6.18-53.el5PAE-i686/??/usr/src/linux#tar?zxvf?ipvsadm-1.24.tar.gz#cd?ipvsadm-1.24#make?&&?make?install#find?/?-name?ipvsadm??#?查看ipvsadm的位置#tar?zxvf?keepalived-1.1.15.tar.gz#cd?keepalived-1.1.15#./configure??&&?make?&&?make?install#find?/?-name?keepalived??#?查看keepalived位置????????????????#cp?/usr/local/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived?/etc/rc.d/init.d/#cp?/usr/local/etc/sysconfig/keepalived?/etc/sysconfig/#mkdir?/etc/keepalived#cp?/usr/local/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf?/etc/keepalived/#cp?/usr/local/sbin/keepalived?/usr/sbin/#service?keepalived?start|stop?????#做成系統啟動服務方便管理.

四. 配置LVS實現負載均衡
? 1． LVS-DR，配置LVS腳本實現負載均衡

??????#vi?/usr/local/sbin/lvs-dr.sh#!/bin/bash#?description:?start?LVS?of?DirectorServer#Written?by?:NetSeek?http://www.linuxtone.orgGW=61.164.122.1#?website?director?vip.SNS_VIP=61.164.122.8SNS_RIP1=61.164.122.9SNS_RIP2=61.164.122.10./etc/rc.d/init.d/functionslogger?$0?called?with?$1case?"$1"?instart)#?set?squid?vip/sbin/ipvsadm?--set?30?5?60/sbin/ifconfig?eth0:0?$SNS_VIP?broadcast?$SNS_VIP?netmask?255.255.255.255broadcast?$SNS_VIP?up/sbin/route?add?-host?$SNS_VIP?dev?eth0:0/sbin/ipvsadm?-A?-t?$SNS_VIP:80?-s?wrr?-p?3/sbin/ipvsadm?-a?-t?$SNS_VIP:80?-r?$SNS_RIP1:80?-g?-w?1/sbin/ipvsadm?-a?-t?$SNS_VIP:80?-r?$SNS_RIP2:80?-g?-w?1touch?/var/lock/subsys/ipvsadm?>/dev/null?2>&1;;stop)/sbin/ipvsadm?-C/sbin/ipvsadm?-Zifconfig?eth0:0?downifconfig?eth0:1?downroute?del?$SNS_VIProute?del?$SS_VIPrm?-rf?/var/lock/subsys/ipvsadm?>/dev/null?2>&1echo?"ipvsadm?stoped";;status)if?[?!?-e?/var/lock/subsys/ipvsadm?];thenecho?"ipvsadm?stoped"exit?1elseecho?"ipvsadm?OK"fi;;*)echo?"Usage:?$0?{start|stop|status}"exit?1esacexit?0

2． 配置Realserver腳本.

#vi?/usr/local/sbin/realserver.sh#!/bin/bash#?description:?Config?realserver?lo?and?apply?noarp?#Written?by?:NetSeek?SNS_VIP=61.164.122.8.?/etc/rc.d/init.d/functionscase?"$1"?instart)ifconfig?lo:0?$SNS_VIP?netmask?255.255.255.255?broadcast?$SNS_VIP/sbin/route?add?-host?$SNS_VIP?dev?lo:0echo?"1"?>/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignoreecho?"2"?>/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announceecho?"1"?>/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignoreecho?"2"?>/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announcesysctl?-p?>/dev/null?2>&1echo?"RealServer?Start?OK"????????;;stop)ifconfig?lo:0?downroute?del?$SNS_VIP?>/dev/null?2>&1echo?"0"?>/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignoreecho?"0"?>/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announceecho?"0"?>/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignoreecho?"0"?>/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announceecho?"RealServer?Stoped";;*)echo?"Usage:?$0?{start|stop}"exit?1esac?????????exit?0

或者采用secondary ip address方式配置

??????????#?vi?/etc/sysctl.confnet.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_ignore?=?1net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_announce?=?2net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_ignore?=?1net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_announce?=?2#sysctl?–p#ip?addr?add?61.164.122.8/32?dev?lo#ip?add?list?查看是否綁定

3. 啟動lvs-dr腳本和realserver啟本，在DR上可以查看LVS當前狀態:

#watch?ipvsadm?–ln

五．利用Keepalvied實現負載均衡和和高可用性
? 1.配置在主負載均衡服務器上配置keepalived.conf

#vi?/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

!?Configuration?File?for?keepalived global_defs?{notification_email?{cnseek@gmail.com}notification_email_from?sns-lvs@gmail.comsmtp_server?127.0.0.1#?smtp_connect_timeout?30router_id?LVS_DEVEL } #?20081013?written?by?:netseek #?VIP1 vrrp_instance?VI_1?{state?MASTER?????????????#備份服務器上將MASTER改為BACKUP???interface?eth0virtual_router_id?51priority?100????#?備份服務上將100改為99advert_int?1authentication?{auth_type?PASSauth_pass?1111}virtual_ipaddress?{61.164.122.8???#(如果有多個VIP，繼續換行填寫.)} } virtual_server?61.164.122.8?80?{delay_loop?6??????????????????#(每隔10秒查詢realserver狀態)lb_algo?wrr??????????????????#(lvs?算法)lb_kind?DR??????????????????#(Direct?Route)persistence_timeout?60????????#(同一IP的連接60秒內被分配到同一臺realserver)protocol?TCP????????????????#(用TCP協議檢查realserver狀態)real_server?61.164.122.9?80?{weight?3???????????????#(權重)TCP_CHECK?{connect_timeout?10???????#(10秒無響應超時)nb_get_retry?3delay_before_retry?3connect_port?80}}real_server?61.164.122.10?80?{weight?3TCP_CHECK?{connect_timeout?10nb_get_retry?3delay_before_retry?3connect_port?80}} }

2. BACKUP服務器同上配置，先安裝lvs再按裝keepalived,仍后配置/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf，只需將紅色標示的部分改一下即可.
3.

vi?/etc/rc.local #/usr/local/sbin/lvs-dr.sh??將lvs-dr.sh這個腳本注釋掉。步 #/usr/local/sbin/lvs-dr.sh?stop?停止lvs-dr腳本 #/etc/init.d/keepalived?start??啟動keepalived?服務，keepalived就能利用

keepalived.conf 配置文件，實現負載均衡和高可用.

4. 查看lvs服務是否正常

#watch?ipvsadm?–ln

IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddressort Scheduler Flags
? -> RemoteAddressort?????????? Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP? 61.164.122.8:80 wrr persistent 60
? -> 61.164.122.10:80??????????? Route?? 3????? 0????????? 0
? -> 61.164.122.9:80???????????? Route?? 3????? 0????????? 0

#tail?–f?/var/log/message

監聽日志，查看狀態，測試LVS負載均衡及高可用性是否有效。

5．停Master服務器的keepalived服務，查看BAKCUP服務器是否能正常接管服務。
四．相關參考
? 1．LVS 基礎知識匯總
LVS的算法介紹?????????????? http://www.linuxtone.org/viewthread.php?tid=69
學習LVS的三種轉發模式?????? http://www.linuxtone.org/viewthread.php?tid=77
LVS中的IP負載均衡技術?????? http://www.linuxtone.org/viewthread.php?tid=68
更多的請到http://www.linuxtone.org 負載均衡版查看

Keepalived 相關參考資料。
?? http://www.keepalived.org/documentation.html

轉載于:https://my.oschina.net/MrMichael/blog/294957

總結

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