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ABAP DOI详解(2)

發布時間：2025/3/20 编程问答 13 豆豆

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我們之所以用Excel輸出，主要是想用Excel在顯示中的優勢，所以最常見的做法，往往調用Excel模板文件來實現。這一篇，我們就來操作Excel模板文件，另外，excel文檔放在dialog screen中顯示。

創建Dialog Screen

新建一個screen, scren number為100，在screen中添加一個custom control, name屬性為CONTAINER1，界面如下：

新建一個GUI Status，編號為100，在gui status中定義function code為EXIT，functional type為E的功能碼（function key）。

切換到screen的flow logic，增加一個PAI事件，然后編寫代碼，用于處理屏幕的退出：

module exit_program input.save_ok = ok_code.clear ok_code.if save_ok = 'EXIT'.leave program.endif.endmodule.

上傳Excel文檔

用事務碼OAOR將Excel文檔上傳。輸入OAOR，進入下面的界面，輸入后面程序需要使用的幾個重要標識：class name, class type和object key。class name選擇SAP提供的HRFPM_EXCEL_STANDARD就可以了。如果沒有，請用事物碼SBDSV1進行定于。object key建議使用excel文檔的文件名，以便查找。

點擊“執行”（F8)按鈕，進入下面的界面

從左下部分的doc type中，選擇table template，右鍵菜單，導入文檔。導入模板文檔doitest.xls。

OK，現在文檔已經導入了。我們可以在OAOR界面中，顯示文檔、文檔的詳細信息(detail info.）等。

獲取模板文檔的信息

操作excel模板文檔，使用cl_bds_document_set類，這個類的get_with_url方法獲取文檔的url。首先定義一些global變量：

* business document system data: gr_bds_documents type ref to cl_bds_document_set,g_classname type sbdst_classname,g_classtype type sbdst_classtype,g_objectkey type sbdst_object_key,g_doc_components type sbdst_components,g_doc_signature type sbdst_signature.* template url data: gt_bds_uris type sbdst_uri,gs_bds_url like line of gt_bds_uris,g_template_url(256) type c.

獲取excel template文檔的url:

form get_template_url.create object gr_bds_documents.call method cl_bds_document_set=>get_infoexportingclassname = g_classnameclasstype = g_classtypeobject_key = g_objectkeychangingcomponents = g_doc_componentssignature = g_doc_signature.call method cl_bds_document_set=>get_with_urlexportingclassname = g_classnameclasstype = g_classtypeobject_key = g_objectkeychanginguris = gt_bds_urissignature = g_doc_signature.free gr_bds_documents.read table gt_bds_uris into gs_bds_url index 1.g_template_url = gs_bds_url-uri. endform. "get_template_url

cl_bds_document_set的靜態方法get_with_url獲取excel template的url。數據存放在內表中，讀取后放在global變量g_template_url里面。

打開Excel文檔

根據獲取的excel template的url，打開excel文檔：

form open_excel_doc.call method gr_control->get_document_proxyexportingdocument_type = 'Excel.Sheet'no_flush = 'X'register_container = 'X'importingdocument_proxy = gr_document.call method gr_document->open_documentexportingopen_inplace = 'X'document_url = g_template_url.data: available type i.call method gr_document->has_spreadsheet_interfaceexportingno_flush = 'X'importingis_available = available.call method gr_document->get_spreadsheet_interfaceexportingno_flush = 'X'importingsheet_interface = gr_spreadsheet.call method gr_spreadsheet->select_sheetexportingname = 'Sheet1'no_flush = 'X'. endform.

將數據寫入Excel

我們從spfli表中獲取所有航班的信息：

* output internale table data: begin of gs_spfli,carrid like spfli-carrid,connid like spfli-connid,cityfrom like spfli-cityfrom,cityto like spfli-cityto,end of gs_spfli. data: gt_spfli like standard table of gs_spfli.form get_data.select * from spfliinto corresponding fields of table gt_spfli. endform.

數據寫入Excel，可以使用批量的方式或者逐個單元格寫入的方式。批量寫入的方式效率高，逐個單元格寫入的方式比較靈活，在程序中都能用到。將數據寫入excel需要使用i_oi_spreadsheet接口實例的兩個方法：

insert_range_dim方法，定義一個范圍(range)，設定range的名稱、位置和大小。比如下面的代碼，定義一個名稱為cell, 共line_count行、4列的range，從第2行第1列開始。

call method gr_spreadsheet->insert_range_dimexportingname = 'cell'no_flush = 'X'top = 2left = 1rows = line_countcolumns = 4.

set_range_data方法，寫入數據到range，寫入的時候，ranges參數設定range的名稱和大小, contents參數設定寫入的內容。OK，假設我們將要輸出的數據在內表gt_spfli中是這樣的：

我們想要在excel中按同樣的方式輸出。我們定義ranges參數的內表如下：

上圖表示我們將要輸出的數據，名稱為cell，4列5行。

定義contents參數的內表如下，確定每一個單元個的內容：

set_range_data方法：

call method gr_spreadsheet->set_ranges_dataexportingranges = gt_rangescontents = gt_contentsno_flush = 'X'.

對象銷毀

在PAI的exit-command事件中處理對spreadsheet, control和Container等對象的銷毀。網上有博客認為DOI沒有必要創建screen，而我覺得screen的好處就是可以很好地處理對象銷毀。

form release_objects.if not gr_document is initial.call method gr_document->close_document.free gr_document.endif.if not gr_control is initial.call method gr_control->destroy_control.free gr_control.endif.if gr_container is not initial.call method gr_container->free.endif. endform.

exit-command事件的代碼變成這個樣子

module exit_program input.save_ok = ok_code.clear ok_code.if save_ok = 'EXIT'.perform release_objects.leave program.endif. endmodule.

完整代碼

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------* *& Report ZDOI_DOC_TEMPLATE *& *&---------------------------------------------------------------------* *& *& Written by Stone Wang *& Version 1.0 on Dec 16, 2016 *&---------------------------------------------------------------------*report zdoi_doc_template.data: gr_custom_container type ref to cl_gui_custom_container. data: gr_container type ref to cl_gui_container,gr_control type ref to i_oi_container_control,gr_document type ref to i_oi_document_proxy,gr_spreadsheet type ref to i_oi_spreadsheet.* business document system data: gr_bds_documents type ref to cl_bds_document_set,g_classname type sbdst_classname,g_classtype type sbdst_classtype,g_objectkey type sbdst_object_key,g_doc_components type sbdst_components,g_doc_signature type sbdst_signature.* template url data: gt_bds_uris type sbdst_uri,gs_bds_url like line of gt_bds_uris,g_template_url(256) type c.data: ok_code type sy-ucomm,save_ok like ok_code.* output internale table data: begin of gs_spfli,carrid like spfli-carrid,connid like spfli-connid,cityfrom like spfli-cityfrom,cityto like spfli-cityto,end of gs_spfli. data: gt_spfli like standard table of gs_spfli.* Required for writing data to Excel data: gt_ranges type soi_range_list,gs_range type soi_range_item,gt_contents type soi_generic_table,gs_content type soi_generic_item.initialization.g_classname = 'HRFPM_EXCEL_STANDARD'.g_classtype = 'OT'.g_objectkey = 'DOITEST'.start-of-selection.perform get_data.call screen 100.define write_content_cell.gs_content-row = &1.gs_content-column = &2.gs_content-value = &3.append gs_content to gt_contents.clear gs_content.end-of-definition.*&---------------------------------------------------------------------* *& Form get_data *&---------------------------------------------------------------------* * text *----------------------------------------------------------------------* form get_data.select * from spfliinto corresponding fields of table gt_spfli up to 5 rows. endform. "get_data*&---------------------------------------------------------------------* *& Form get_container *&---------------------------------------------------------------------* * text *----------------------------------------------------------------------* form get_container.create object gr_custom_containerexportingcontainer_name = 'CONTAINER1'. endform. "get_container*&---------------------------------------------------------------------* *& Form create_container_control *&---------------------------------------------------------------------* * text *----------------------------------------------------------------------* form create_container_control. * create container controlcall method c_oi_container_control_creator=>get_container_controlimportingcontrol = gr_control.* initialize controlcall method gr_control->init_controlexportinginplace_enabled = 'X 'inplace_scroll_documents = 'X'register_on_close_event = 'X'register_on_custom_event = 'X'r3_application_name = 'DOI demo by Stone Wang'parent = gr_custom_container. endform. "create_container_control*&---------------------------------------------------------------------* *& Form get_template_url *&---------------------------------------------------------------------* * text *----------------------------------------------------------------------* form get_template_url.create object gr_bds_documents.call method cl_bds_document_set=>get_infoexportingclassname = g_classnameclasstype = g_classtypeobject_key = g_objectkeychangingcomponents = g_doc_componentssignature = g_doc_signature.call method cl_bds_document_set=>get_with_urlexportingclassname = g_classnameclasstype = g_classtypeobject_key = g_objectkeychanginguris = gt_bds_urissignature = g_doc_signature.free gr_bds_documents.read table gt_bds_uris into gs_bds_url index 1.g_template_url = gs_bds_url-uri. endform. "get_template_url*&---------------------------------------------------------------------* *& Form open_excel_doc *&---------------------------------------------------------------------* * text *----------------------------------------------------------------------* form open_excel_doc.call method gr_control->get_document_proxyexportingdocument_type = 'Excel.Sheet'no_flush = 'X'register_container = 'X'importingdocument_proxy = gr_document.call method gr_document->open_documentexportingopen_inplace = 'X'document_url = g_template_url.data: available type i.call method gr_document->has_spreadsheet_interfaceexportingno_flush = 'X'importingis_available = available.call method gr_document->get_spreadsheet_interfaceexportingno_flush = 'X'importingsheet_interface = gr_spreadsheet.call method gr_spreadsheet->select_sheetexportingname = 'Sheet1'no_flush = 'X'. endform. "open_excel_doc*&---------------------------------------------------------------------* *& Form fill_ranges *&---------------------------------------------------------------------* * text *----------------------------------------------------------------------* form fill_ranges.data: line_count type i value 0,col_count type i value 0.* 獲取內表的行列數perform read_itab_structure using 'GT_SPFLI' line_count col_count.* fill gt_ranges[]clear gs_range.clear gt_ranges[].gs_range-name = 'cell'.gs_range-rows = line_count.gs_range-columns = col_count.gs_range-code = 4.append gs_range to gt_ranges. endform. "fill_ranges*&---------------------------------------------------------------------* *& Form fill_contents *&---------------------------------------------------------------------* * text *----------------------------------------------------------------------* form fill_contents.data: row_index type i.row_index = 1.loop at gt_spfli into gs_spfli.clear gs_content.write_content_cell row_index 1 gs_spfli-carrid.write_content_cell row_index 2 gs_spfli-connid.write_content_cell row_index 3 gs_spfli-cityfrom.write_content_cell row_index 4 gs_spfli-cityto.row_index = row_index + 1.endloop. endform. "fill_contents*&---------------------------------------------------------------------* *& Form read_itab_structure *&---------------------------------------------------------------------* * get internal number of rows and number of columns of itab *----------------------------------------------------------------------* form read_itab_structure using p_tabname p_rowcount p_colcount.data: l_rowcount type i,l_colcount type i.field-symbols: <fs1>.data: ls_spfli like line of gt_spfli.* Line countdescribe table gt_spfli lines l_rowcount.* Row countdo.assign component sy-index of structure ls_spfli to <fs1>.if sy-subrc is initial.l_colcount = l_colcount + 1.else.exit.endif.enddo.p_rowcount = l_rowcount.p_colcount = l_colcount.endform. "read_itab_structure*&---------------------------------------------------------------------* *& Form write_data_to_excel *&---------------------------------------------------------------------* * text *----------------------------------------------------------------------* form write_data_to_excel.data: line_count type i value 0,col_count type i value 0.check not gt_spfli is initial.* 獲取內表的行列數perform read_itab_structure using 'GT_SPFLI' line_count col_count.call method gr_spreadsheet->insert_range_dimexportingname = 'cell'no_flush = 'X'top = 2left = 1rows = line_countcolumns = col_count.* populate tow internal tables required for 'set_range_data'perform fill_ranges.perform fill_contents.call method gr_spreadsheet->set_ranges_dataexportingranges = gt_rangescontents = gt_contentsno_flush = 'X'.endform. "write_data_to_excel*&---------------------------------------------------------------------* *& Form release_objects *&---------------------------------------------------------------------* * text *----------------------------------------------------------------------* form release_objects.if not gr_document is initial.call method gr_document->close_document.free gr_document.endif.if not gr_control is initial.call method gr_control->destroy_control.free gr_control.endif.if gr_container is not initial.call method gr_container->free.endif. endform. "release_objects*&---------------------------------------------------------------------* *& Form main *&---------------------------------------------------------------------* * text *----------------------------------------------------------------------* form main.perform get_container.perform create_container_control.perform get_template_url..perform open_excel_doc.perform write_data_to_excel. endform. "main*&---------------------------------------------------------------------* *& Module exit_program INPUT *&---------------------------------------------------------------------* * text *----------------------------------------------------------------------* module exit_program input.save_ok = ok_code.clear ok_code.if save_ok = 'EXIT'.perform release_objects.leave program.endif. endmodule. " exit_program INPUT *&---------------------------------------------------------------------* *& Module status_0100 OUTPUT *&---------------------------------------------------------------------* * text *----------------------------------------------------------------------* module status_0100 output.set pf-status '100'.perform main. endmodule. " status_0100 OUTPUT

程序的界面如下。最主要的缺點是container的大小是固定的，后面我們看看怎么解決這個問題。

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