Linux常用命令英文全称与中文解释Linux系统
Linux常用命令英文全稱與中文解釋Linux系統?
man: Manual 意思是手冊,可以用這個命令查詢其他命令的用法。
pwd:Print working directory 意思是密碼。
su:Swith user 切換用戶,切換到root用戶
cd:Change directory 切換目錄
ls:List files 列出目錄下的文件
ps:Process Status 進程狀態
mkdir:Make directory 建立目錄
rmdir:Remove directory 移動目錄
mkfs: Make file system 建立文件系統
fsck:File system check 文件系統檢查
cat: Concatenate 串聯
uname: Unix name 系統名稱
df: Disk free 空余硬盤
du: Disk usage 硬盤使用率
lsmod: List modules 列表模塊
mv: Move file 移動文件
rm: Remove file 刪除文件
cp: Copy file 復制文件
ln: Link files 鏈接文件
fg: Foreground 前景
bg: Background 背景
chown: Change owner 改變所有者
chgrp: Change group 改變用戶組
chmod: Change mode 改變模式
umount: Unmount 卸載
dd: 本來應根據其功能描述“Convert an copy”命名為“cc”,但“cc”已經被用以代表“C Complier”,所以命名為“dd”
tar:Tape archive 解壓文件
ldd:List dynamic dependencies 列出動態相依
insmod:Install module 安裝模塊
rmmod:Remove module 刪除模塊
lsmod:List module 列表模塊
sudo是superuser do的簡寫
reboot:重啟
logout :退出 注銷
binary :二進制
device:設備 手段
etcetera:等等 系統配置文件
recursion:遞歸(-R)
disrecursion:不遞歸)(-d)
force:直接覆蓋(-f)
all:所有的(-a)
list:列出所有信息(-l)
if:提示是否覆蓋(-I)
普通文件(-):文本文件和二進制文件
目錄文件(d):文件夾
連接文件(l):ln創建的文件
特殊文件:設備文件(b,c)和管道文件(p)
圖形界面要注銷就從菜單里選擇或者快捷鍵ctrl+alt+backspace
修改登錄界面啟動:vi /etc/inittab
3 文本 5 圖像
使用 man或info 查看有關命令的幫助
使用fdisk -l 顯示分區情形;df -h顯示磁盤使用情形
使用du -sh /*查看某個(根目錄所有文件夾)目錄占有磁盤情形
查看linux版本號:uname -a
清屏:clear
檢查修復文件系統(非正常關機):fsck
查找文件:find /etc -name 文件名 (/etc為起始目錄)
列出某個目錄的詳細信息:ls -l /etc(/etc為目錄)
當前目錄:cd . 上一層目錄:cd .. 查看目錄路徑:pwd
創建目錄:mkdir 1(1為文件名)
刪除空目錄:rmdir 1 刪除不為空的目錄或文件:rm -r(-f) 1
查看用戶信息:vi /etc/passwd
隱式密碼:vi /etc/shadow
查看某個文件的內容:cat /etc/inittab
移動文件:mv 1.c /root (移動1.c到root中)
創建文件:vi 1.c
復制文件到指定目錄:cp /root/1.c/home/1.c(從root目錄復制到home目錄下)
比較兩個文件:diff 1.c 2.c 或cmp 1.c 2.c
標準用戶輸入:cat (輸入完后安ctrl d退出)
顯示重定向:ls -l > ls.txt(顯示到ls.txt上;0>輸入重定向;1>輸出重定向;2>錯誤重定向)
設置文件的讀寫權限:chmod u+w 1.c(增加文件擁有者對1.c寫的權限)
chmod g-r 1.c( 刪除工作組對1.c讀的權限)
chmod o+x 1.c(增加其他用戶對1.c的執行權限)
chmod a-w 1.c(刪除所有用戶對1.c寫的權限)
列出文件索引好:ls -i
構建軟硬連接:in -s /home/lxt008 /008(將lxt008鏈接至008 即008是lxt008的快捷方式 若無-s就是硬鏈接)
查看DNS客戶端配置:more /etc/resolv.conf
查看ip地址:ifconfig(看以上兩者的ip是否相符,若不相符 使用下面的命令修改)
更改網絡配置:netconfig(修改好后,要使用service network restart重啟網絡后方能生效)
查看默認路關:route -n
修改默認網關:route add default gw 192.168.88.1(ip和默認網關在同一網段方能聯網)
或使用 ifconfig eth0 192.168.88.8 netmask 255.255.255.0 修改ip和子網掩碼
結束進程:ctrl+ c(或D)
查看網絡狀況:netstat
查看某個rpm包是否安裝:rpm -qi a.rpm
安裝某個包:rpm -ivh a.rpm
打包:tar -cvf lxt008.tar /home/lxt008(將home目錄下的路線圖lxt008文件夾打包成lxt008.tar v是view簡寫 f為file)
解包:tar -xvf lxt008.tar /home(解壓到home中)
查看包的內容:tar -tvf lxt008.tar
打包并壓縮:tar -czvf 008.tar.gz /home/lxtoo8
解壓包:tar -xzvf 008.tar.gz /home
注釋掉:#
創建shell腳本:vi first.sh
顯示字符串:echo "王林"
等待從終端輸入給變量:read f(f為變量)
顯示變量內容:echo ${f}
查看環境變量:env
不需要換行:-n
查看運行的進程:ps
殺掉某個線程:kill 1186(1186是線程號)
將某個進程設為后臺運行:find / -name passwd &(將find / -name passwd進程設為后臺運行)
管道:ls -l /dev | more (列出dev目錄下的詳細信息 又要分頁)
vi編輯器中保存文件:w +文件名
顯示行號::set nu
http://mark-ztw.iteye.com/blog/1544367
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技術積累
切忌三心二意
Linux的命令及全稱
apt = Advanced Packaging Tool ar = archiver as = assembler awk = "Aho Weiberger and Kernighan" 三個作者的姓的第一個字母 bash = Bourne Again SHell bc = Basic (Better) Calculator bg = BackGround bin = BINaries(binary) cal = CALendar calendar cat = CATenate? cd = Change Directory chgrp = CHange GRouP chmod = CHange MODe chown = CHange OWNer chsh = CHange SHell cmp = compare cobra = Common Object Request Broker Architecture comm = common cp = CoPy cpio = CoPy In and Out cpp = C Pre Processor cron = Chronos 希臘文時間 cups = Common Unix Printing System cvs = Current Version System daemon = Disk And Execution MONitor dc = Desk Calculator dd = Disk Dump df = Disk Free diff = DIFFerence dmesg = diagnostic message du = Disk Usage ed = editor egrep = Extended GREP elf = Extensible Linking Format elm = ELectronic Mail emacs = Editor MACroS eval = EVALuate ex = EXtended exec = EXECute/dev = devices fd = file descriptors fg = ForeGround fgrep = Fixed GREP Fish = the Friendly Interactive SHell fmt = format fsck = File System ChecK fstab = FileSystem TABle FIFO = First In, First Out gawk = GNU AWK gpg = GNU Privacy Guard groff = GNU troff GRUB = GRand Unified Bootloader hal = Hardware Abstraction Layer IFS = Internal Field Seperators joe = Joe's Own Editor ksh = Korn SHell lame = Lame Ain't an MP3 Encoder lex = LEXical analyser lisp = LISt Processing = Lots of Irritating Superfluous Parentheses ln = LiNk lpr = Line PRint ls = list lsof = LiSt Open Files LILO = LInux LOader m4 = Macro processor Version 4 man = MANual pages mawk = Mike Brennan's AWK mc = Midnight Commander MIME = Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions mkfs = MaKe FileSystem mknod = MaKe NODe motd = Message of The Day mozilla = MOsaic GodZILLa mtab = Mount TABle mv = MoVe nano = Nano's ANOther editor nawk = New AWK nl = Number of Lines nm = names nohup = No HangUP nroff = New ROFF od = Octal Dump passwd = PASSWorD pg = pager pico = PIne's message COmposition editor pine = "Program for Internet News & Email" = "Pine is not Elm" ping = Packet InterNet Groper pirntcap = PRINTer CAPability popd = POP Directory pr = pre printf = PRINT Formatted ps = Processes Status pty = pseudo tty pushd = PUSH Directory pwd = Print Working Directory rc = runcom = run command, rc還是plan9的shell rev = REVerse rm = ReMove rn = Read News roff = RunOFF rpm = RPM Package Manager = RedHat Package Manager rsh, rlogin, rvim中的r = Remote rxvt = ouR XVT sed = Stream EDitor seq = SEQuence shar = SHell ARchive slrn = S-Lang rn ssh = Secure SHell ssl = Secure Sockets Layer stty = Set TTY su = Substitute User 或 Switch User(前者較常見) sudo = superuser / substitue user do svn = SubVersioN tar = Tape ARchive tcsh = TENEX C shell tee = T (T形水管接口) telnet = TEminaL over Network termcap = terminal capability terminfo = terminal information tex = 希臘文art tr = traslate troff = Typesetter new ROFF tsort = Topological SORT tty = TeleTypewriter twm = Tom's Window Manager tz = TimeZone udev = Userspace DEV ulimit = User's LIMIT umask = User's MASK uniq = UNIQue vi = VIsual = Very Inconvenient vim = Vi IMproved wall = write all wc = Word Count wine = WINE Is Not an Emulator xargs = eXtended ARGuments xdm = X Display Manager xlfd = X Logical Font Description xmms = X Multimedia System xrdb = X Resources DataBase xwd = X Window Dump yacc = yet another compiler compiler YaST = Yet Another Setup Tool 附部分目錄的全稱: /dev = devices /etc = ETCetera etcetera /lib = LIBrary /proc = PROCesses /sbin = Superuser BINaries /tmp = TeMPorary /usr = Unix Shared Resources /var = VARiable http://www.cnblogs.com/kimblog/archive/2011/12/07/2279375.html轉載于:https://www.cnblogs.com/daishuguang/p/4044083.html
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