puppet基礎篇（練習篇）

本文分為兩部分：一、安裝配置及命令用法；二、puppet資源基礎練習

1.安裝配置及命令用法

#在epel倉庫安裝 yum?install?./facter-2.4.6-1.el7.x86_64.rpm??./puppet-3.8.7-1.el7.noarch.rpm?[root@node1?puppet]#?puppet?helpUsage:?puppet?<subcommand>?[options]?<action>?[options]puppet?applyapply?????????????Apply?Puppet?manifests?locallypuppet?apply?--helpSYNOPSIS?-----------Applies?a?standalone?Puppet?manifest?to?the?local?system.puppet?apply?[-h|--help]?[-V|--version]?[-d|--debug]?[-v|--verbose][-e|--execute]?[--detailed-exitcodes]?[-L|--loadclasses][-l|--logdest?syslog|eventlog|<FILE>|console]?[--noop][--catalog?<catalog>]?[--write-catalog-summary]?<file>*?--noop:Use?'noop'?mode?where?Puppet?runs?in?a?no-op?or?dry-run?mode.puppet?describedescribe??????????Display?help?about?resource?typespuppet?describe?[-h|--help]?[-s|--short]?[-p|--providers]?[-l|--list]?[-m|--meta] OPTIONS-------*?--help:Print?this?help?text*?--providers:Describe?providers?in?detail?for?each?type#列出所有的資源類型 *?--list:List?all?types#列出指定類型的參數，一般與-s一同使用 *?--meta:List?all?metaparameters#列出指定類型的簡要幫助信息 *?--short:List?only?parameters?without?detail#列出puppet的資源類型 [root@node1?puppet]#?puppet?describe?-lThese?are?the?types?known?to?puppet: augeas??????????-?Apply?a?change?or?an?array?of?changes?to?the??... computer????????-?Computer?object?management?using?DirectorySer?... cron????????????-?Installs?and?manages?cron?jobs exec????????????-?Executes?external?commandsfile????????????-?Manages?files,?including?their?content,?owner?... filebucket??????-?A?repository?for?storing?and?retrieving?file??...group???????????-?Manage?groupshost????????????-?Installs?and?manages?host?entriesinterface???????-?This?represents?a?router?or?switch?interfacek5login?????????-?Manage?the?`.k5login`?file?for?a?usermacauthorization?-?Manage?the?Mac?OS?X?authorization?databasemailalias???????-?..?no?documentation?.. maillist????????-?Manage?email?lists mcx?????????????-?MCX?object?management?using?DirectoryService??...mount???????????-?Manages?mounted?filesystems,?including?puttin?... nagios_command??-?The?Nagios?type?command nagios_contact??-?The?Nagios?type?contact nagios_contactgroup?-?The?Nagios?type?contactgroup nagios_host?????-?The?Nagios?type?host nagios_hostdependency?-?The?Nagios?type?hostdependency nagios_hostescalation?-?The?Nagios?type?hostescalation nagios_hostextinfo?-?The?Nagios?type?hostextinfo nagios_hostgroup?-?The?Nagios?type?hostgroup nagios_service??-?The?Nagios?type?service nagios_servicedependency?-?The?Nagios?type?servicedependency nagios_serviceescalation?-?The?Nagios?type?serviceescalation nagios_serviceextinfo?-?The?Nagios?type?serviceextinfo nagios_servicegroup?-?The?Nagios?type?servicegroup nagios_timeperiod?-?The?Nagios?type?timeperiod notify??????????-?..?no?documentation?..package?????????-?Manage?packages resources???????-?This?is?a?metatype?that?can?manage?other?reso?... router??????????-?..?no?documentation?.. schedule????????-?Define?schedules?for?Puppet scheduled_task??-?Installs?and?manages?Windows?Scheduled?Tasks selboolean??????-?Manages?SELinux?booleans?on?systems?with?SELi?... selmodule???????-?Manages?loading?and?unloading?of?SELinux?poli?... service?????????-?Manage?running?services ssh_authorized_key?-?Manages?SSH?authorized?keyssshkey??????????-?Installs?and?manages?ssh?host?keysstage???????????-?A?resource?type?for?creating?new?run?stages tidy????????????-?Remove?unwanted?files?based?on?specific?crite?...user????????????-?Manage?usersvlan????????????-?..?no?documentation?.. whit????????????-?Whits?are?internal?artifacts?of?Puppet's?curr?... yumrepo?????????-?The?client-side?description?of?a?yum?reposito?... zfs?????????????-?Manage?zfs zone????????????-?Manages?Solaris?zones zpool???????????-?Manage?zpools#查看組類型的用法 puppet?describe?group#各種屬性的介紹 -?**ensure** Create?or?remove?the?group. Valid?values?are?`present`,?`absent`.?-?**gid** The?group?ID.-?**members** The?members?of?the?group.?-?**name** The?group?name.-?**system** Whether?the?group?is?a?system?group?with?lower?GID.

2.puppet資源基礎練習

????????核心類型： group:?組user：用戶packge：程序包?service：服務file：文件exec：執行自定義命令，要求冪等cron：周期性任務計劃notify：通知###資源定義通過資源類型的屬性賦值來實現資源定義，這也稱為資源類型實例化。定義資源實例化的文件即清單：manifest ###屬性：attribute資源屬性中三個個特殊屬性（幾乎所有的資源中都有）namevar，可簡寫為name，描述資源的名字 ensure，描述資源的目標狀態 provider，資源的管理接口語法； type?{'title':attribute1? =>?value1,atrribute2 =>?value2,……} #創建清單的目錄[root@node1?puppet]#?mkdir?manifests[root@node1?puppet]#?cd?manifests/###資源類型1.groupgroup{'nginx':ensure??=>??present,name????=>??'nginx',system??=>??true,} #干跑模式[root@node1?manifests]#?puppet?apply?--verbose?--noop?first.pp?Notice:?Compiled?catalog?for?node1.localdomain?in?environment?production?in?0.15?seconds Info:?Applying?configuration?version?'1500559833'Notice:?/Stage[main]/Main/Group[nginx]/ensure:?current_value?absent,?should?be?present?(noop) Notice:?Class[Main]:?Would?have?triggered?'refresh'?from?1?events Notice:?Stage[main]:?Would?have?triggered?'refresh'?from?1?events Notice:?Finished?catalog?run?in?0.04?seconds #執行[root@node1?manifests]#?puppet?apply?--verbose?--debug??first.pp?Info:?Applying?configuration?version?'1500560157'Debug:?Executing?'/usr/sbin/groupadd?-r?nginx'Notice:?/Stage[main]/Main/Group[nginx]/ensure:?created Notice:?Finished?catalog?run?in?0.08?seconds #查看[root@node1?manifests]#?tail?-1?/etc/groupnginx:x:995:2.user 2.user#查看user資源的各種用法puppet?describe?user?#列出的資源管理接口，可自定義Providers---------aix,?directoryservice,?hpuxuseradd,?ldap,?pw,?user_role_add,?useradd,windows_adsi #示例[root@node1?manifests]#?vi?user.ppuser{'nginx':uid?????=>??444,gid?????=>??'nginx',system??=>??true, ????ensure??=>??present,}puppet?apply?-v?--noop?user.pp?Notice:?Compiled?catalog?for?node1.localdomain?in?environment?production?in?0.20?seconds Info:?Applying?configuration?version?'1500561782'Notice:?/Stage[main]/Main/User[nginx]/ensure:?current_value?absent,?should?be?present?(noop) Notice:?Class[Main]:?Would?have?triggered?'refresh'?from?1?events Notice:?Stage[main]:?Would?have?triggered?'refresh'?from?1?events Notice:?Finished?catalog?run?in?0.04?seconds[root@node1?manifests]#?puppet?apply?-v??user.pp?Notice:?Compiled?catalog?for?node1.localdomain?in?environment?production?in?0.21?seconds Info:?Applying?configuration?version?'1500561816'Notice:?/Stage[main]/Main/User[nginx]/ensure:?created Notice:?Finished?catalog?run?in?0.07?seconds[root@node1?manifests]#?tail?-1?/etc/passwd?nginx:x:444:995::/home/nginx:/bin/bash關系源參數before?require?notify?subscribe四個元參數來定義資源間的相關性資源定義有依賴關系，優先級資源可以被定義，也可以被引用，資源的引用通過"Type['title']"?注意：首字母必須大寫 #示例vi?redis.ppuser{'redis':gid?????=>??'redis', ????ensure??=>??present,require?=>??Group['redis'],}group{'redis':ensure??=>??present, ????#before?=> User['redis'],}puppet?apply?-v?-d?--noop?redis.pp?Info:?Applying?configuration?version?'1500562662'Notice:?/Stage[main]/Main/Group[redis]/ensure:?current_value?absent,?should?be?present?(noop) Debug:?/Stage[main]/Main/Group[redis]:?The?container?Class[Main]?will?propagate?my?refresh?event Notice:?/Stage[main]/Main/User[redis]/ensure:?current_value?absent,?should?be?present?(noop) Debug:?/Stage[main]/Main/User[redis]:?The?container?Class[Main]?will?propagate?my?refresh?event Notice:?Class[Main]:?Would?have?triggered?'refresh'?from?2?events Debug:?Class[Main]:?The?container?Stage[main]?will?propagate?my?refresh?event Notice:?Stage[main]:?Would?have?triggered?'refresh'?from?1?events[root@node1?manifests]#?puppet?apply?-v?-d??redis.pp?[root@node1?manifests]#?grep?-i?"redis"?/etc/passwd?redis:x:1001:1001::/home/redis:/bin/bash3.package3.package[root@node1?manifests]#?puppet?describe?package?package======= Manage?packages.?Parameters-----------?**ensure** ????What?state?the?package?should?be?in.`present`?(also?called?`installed`),?`absent`,`purged`,?`held`,?`latest`.-?**install_options** Requires?features?install_options.-?**instance** ????A?read-only?parameter?set?by?the?package.-?**name** ????The?package?name.?-?**source** ????Where?to?find?the?package?file. ????#示例1vi?package.pppackage{'redis':ensure??????=>??latest,}[root@node1?manifests]#?puppet?apply?-v?-d?--noop?package.pp?Notice:?/Stage[main]/Main/Package[redis]/ensure:?current_value?absent,?should?be?latest?(noop) Debug:?/Stage[main]/Main/Package[redis]:?The?container?Class[Main]?will?propagate?my?refresh?event Notice:?Class[Main]:?Would?have?triggered?'refresh'?from?1?events Debug:?Class[Main]:?The?container?Stage[main]?will?propagate?my?refresh?event Notice:?Stage[main]:?Would?have?triggered?'refresh'?from?1?events #執行[root@node1?manifests]#?puppet?apply?-v??package.pp?Notice:?Compiled?catalog?for?node1.localdomain?in?environment?production?in?0.53?seconds Info:?Applying?configuration?version?'1500564098'Notice:?/Stage[main]/Main/Package[redis]/ensure:?created Notice:?Finished?catalog?run?in?2.93?seconds[root@node1?manifests]#?rpm?-q?redisredis-3.2.3-1.el7.x86_64 #示例2[root@node1?manifests]#?vi?jdk.pp?package{'jdk':ensure??????=>??present,source??????=>??'/root/jdk-7u79-linux-x64.rpm',provider????=>??rpm,} 4.service[root@node1?manifests]#?puppet?describe?service?service======= Manage?running?services. Parameters-----------?**binary** ????The?path?to?the?daemon.?-?**enable** ????Whether?a?service?should?be?enabled?to?start?at?boot.-?**ensure** ????Whether?a?service?should?be?running. ????Valid?values?are?`stopped`?(also?called?`false`),?`running`?(also?called`true`).?-?**flags** ????Specify?a?string?of?flags?to?pass?to?the?startup?script. ????Requires?features?flaggable.-?**hasrestart** ????Specify?that?an?init?script?has?a?`restart`?command.the?init?script's?`stop`?and?`start`?commands?will?be?used.Valid?values?are?`true`,?`false`.#對應這個腳本有沒有restart操作作用：如果命令有restart，就用restart，沒有就stop，再start-?**hasstatus**-?**path**The?search?path?for?finding?init?scripts.#腳本搜索的路徑：centos6：/etc/initcentos7：/usr/lib/systemd/system/-?**start**Specify?a?*start*?command?manually.#手動定義start不用腳本的-?**restart**Specify?a?*restart*?command?manually.?#通常定義reload操作-?**pattern**The?pattern?to?search?for?in?the?process?table.Providers---------base,?bsd,?daemontools,?debian,?freebsd,?gentoo,?init,?launchd,?openbsd,openrc,?openwrt,?redhat,?runit,?service,?smf,?src,?systemd,?upstart,windows#示例[root@node1?manifests]#?puppet?apply?-v?-d?--noop?service.pp?Notice:?/Stage[main]/Main/Service[redis]/ensure:?current_value?stopped,?should?be?running?(noop)Debug:?/Stage[main]/Main/Service[redis]:?The?container?Class[Main]?will?propagate?my?refresh?eventInfo:?/Stage[main]/Main/Service[redis]:?Unscheduling?refresh?on?Service[redis]Notice:?Class[Main]:?Would?have?triggered?'refresh'?from?1?eventsDebug:?Class[Main]:?The?container?Stage[main]?will?propagate?my?refresh?eventNotice:?Stage[main]:?Would?have?triggered?'refresh'?from?1?events[root@node1?manifests]#?puppet?apply?-v?-d?service.pp?Info:?Applying?configuration?version?'1500565381'Debug:?Executing?'/usr/bin/systemctl?is-active?redis'Debug:?Executing?'/usr/bin/systemctl?is-enabled?redis'Debug:?Executing?'/usr/bin/systemctl?start?redis'Debug:?Executing?'/usr/bin/systemctl?is-enabled?redis'Debug:?Executing?'/usr/bin/systemctl?enable?redis'Notice:?/Stage[main]/Main/Service[redis]/ensure:?ensure?changed?'stopped'?to?'running'[root@node1?manifests]#?ss?-tlnp?|?grep?redisLISTEN?????0??????128????127.0.0.1:6379?????????????????????*:*???????????????????users:(("redis-server",pid=6817,fd=4))#示例2[root@node1?manifests]#?vi?service.pppackage{'redis':ensure??????=>??present,}service{'redis':ensure??????=>??running,enable??????=>??true,require?????=>??Package['redis'],}5.file[root@node1?manifests]#?puppet?describe?filefile====Manages?files,?including?their?content,?ownership,?and?permissions.Parameters-----------?**backup**-?**checksum**The?checksum?type?to?use?when?determining?whether?to?replace?a?file'scontents. ????The?default?checksum?type?is?md5.?Valid?values?are?`md5`,?`md5lite`,?`sha256`,?`sha256lite`,?`mtime`,`ctime`,?`none`.?-?**content** ????The?desired?contents?of?a?file,?as?a?string.This?attribute?is?mutuallyexclusive?with?`source`?and?`target`.-?**ensure** ????Whether?the?file?should?exist,?and?if?so?what?kind?of?file?it?should?be. ???Possible?values?are?`present`,?`absent`,?`file`,?`directory`,?and`link`. ?#?Equivalent?resources:file?{?"/etc/inetd.conf":ensure?=>?"/etc/inet/inetd.conf",}file?{?"/etc/inetd.conf":ensure?=>?link,target?=>?"/etc/inet/inetd.conf",}-?**force** ????Perform?the?file?operation?even?if?it?will?destroy?one?or?moredirectories.-?**group** ????Which?group?should?own?the?file.?-?**links** ????How?to?handle?links?during?file?actions.?During?file?copying,`follow`?will?copy?the?target?file?instead?of?the?link,?`manage`will?copy?the?link?itself,?and?`ignore`?will?just?pass?it?by.-?**mode** ????The?desired?permissions?mode?for?the?file,-?**mtime**-?**owner** ????The?user?to?whom?the?file?should?belong.-?**path**?(*namevar*) ????The?path?to?the?file?to?manage.-**recurse** ????Whether?to?recursively?manage?the?_contents_?of?a?directory.-?**replace**-?**source** ????A?source?file,?which?will?be?copied?into?place?on?the?local?system.-?**source_permissions**?????Whether?(and?how)?Puppet?should?copy?owner,?group,?and?mode?permissionsfromthe?`source`?to?`file`?resources?when?the?permissions?are?not?explicitlyspecified.?Valid?values?are?`use`,?`use_when_creating`,?and?`ignore`:-?**target** ????The?target?for?creating?a?link.?-?**validate_cmd** ????A?command?for?validating?the?file's?syntax?before?replacing?it.Example:file?{?'/etc/apache2/apache2.conf':content??????=>?'example',validate_cmd?=>?'/usr/sbin/apache2?-t?-f?%',}Providers---------posix,?windows#示例1[root@node1?manifests]#?cp?/etc/redis.conf?./[root@node1?manifests]#?vi?redis.conf?bind?0.0.0.0masterauth?123456[root@node1?manifests]#?ll?/etc/redis.conf?-rw-r--r--.?1?redis?root?46730?Aug??5??2016?/etc/redis.conf[root@node1?manifests]#?vi?file1.pp?[root@node1?manifests]#?vi?file1.pp?file{'/etc/redis.conf':ensure??????=>??file,source??????=>??'/etc/puppet/manifests/redis.conf',owner???????=>??'redis',group???????=>??'root',mode????????=>??'0644',}[root@node1?manifests]#?puppet?apply?-v?-d?--noop?file1.pp?[root@node1?manifests]#?puppet?apply?-v?-d?--noop?file1.pp?Info:?Applying?configuration?version?'1500567458'Debug:?Evicting?cache?entry?for?environment?'production'Debug:?Caching?environment?'production'?(ttl?=?0?sec)Info:?Computing?checksum?on?file?/etc/redis.confDebug:?Evicting?cache?entry?for?environment?'production'Debug:?Caching?environment?'production'?(ttl?=?0?sec)Info:?/Stage[main]/Main/File[/etc/redis.conf]:?Filebucketed?/etc/redis.conf?to?puppet?with?sum?910058e228c4ad556ffc0f473cef9323[root@node1?manifests]#?cat?/etc/redis.conf?|?egrep?-i?"bind?0.0.0.0|masterauth?123456"bind?0.0.0.0?masterauth?123456?通知元參數兩個參數：通知和訂閱，見名知意，很好理解。notify，subscribeA?notify?B：B依賴于B，且A發生改變會通知B{notify?=>?Type['B'],} B?subscribe?A?:B依賴與A，B訂閱A資源產生的事件{subscribe?=>?Type['B'],}其中有特殊情況：鏈式依賴 #示例2[root@node1?manifests]#?vi?service.pp?#install?redis?packagepackage{'redis':ensure??????=>??present,} #push?source?file?to?des?file.file{'/etc/redis.conf':ensure??????=>??file,source??????=>??'/etc/puppet/manifests/redis.conf'require?????=>??Package['redis'],} #running?redis?serverservice{'redis':ensure??????=>??running,enable??????=>??true,require?????=>??Package['redis'],subscribe???=>??File['/etc/redis.conf'],}[root@node1?manifests]#?puppet?apply?-v?-d?--noop?service.pp?[root@node1?manifests]#?puppet?apply?-v?-d?service.pp?#示例3：修正版?A?->?B?表示A?before?B；B?~>?C?表示B?notify?C；[root@node1?manifests]#?vi?service.pp?#install?redis?packagepackage{'redis':ensure??????=>??present,}?-> #push?source?file?to?des?file.file{'/etc/redis.conf':ensure??????=>??file,source??????=>??'/etc/puppet/manifests/redis.conf',owner???????=>??'redis',group???????=>??'root',mode????????=>??'0644',}?~> #running?redis?serverservice{'redis':ensure??????=>??running,enable??????=>??true,} #或者還可以這樣表示：Package['redis']?->?File['/etc/redis.conf']?~>?Service['redis']#示例4：content用法[root@node1?manifests]#?vi?test.ppfile{'/tmp/test.txt':ensure??=>??file,content?=>??'Hello?World!',}[root@node1?manifests]#?puppet?apply?-v?test.pp?#note:content?also?can?be?created?by?template.[root@node1?manifests]#?puppet?apply?-v?test.pp?Notice:?Compiled?catalog?for?node1.localdomain?in?environment?production?in?0.16?seconds Info:?Applying?configuration?version?'1500569471'Notice:?/Stage[main]/Main/File[/tmp/test.txt]/ensure:?defined?content?as?'{md5}ed076287532e86365e841e92bfc50d8c'Notice:?Finished?catalog?run?in?0.05?seconds[root@node1?manifests]#?cat?/tmp/test.txt?Hello?World!#示例6：link用法[root@node1?manifests]#?puppet?apply??-v?link.pp?Notice:?Compiled?catalog?for?node1.localdomain?in?environment?production?in?0.15?seconds Info:?Applying?configuration?version?'1500569692'Notice:?/Stage[main]/Main/File[/tmp/test.link]/ensure:?created Notice:?Finished?catalog?run?in?0.04?seconds[root@node1?manifests]#?ll?/tmp/test.linklrwxrwxrwx.?1?root?root?13?Jul?21?00:54?/tmp/test.link?->?/tmp/test.txt #示例5：遞歸創建目錄[root@node1?manifests]#?vi?mkdir.ppfile{'/tmp/pam.d':ensure??????=>??directory,source??????=>??'/etc/pam.d',recurse????=>??true,} #note:?if?source?is??not?exist,which?would?create?empty?directory.[root@node1?manifests]#?puppet?apply?-v?mkdir.pp?[root@node1?manifests]#?ll?/tmp/pam.d/total?104-rw-r--r--.?1?root?root?192?Jul?21?00:59?chfn... #（ps：DevOPs三個層次：bootstraping，configuration，command?and?control）6.exec [root@node1?manifests]#?puppet?describe?exec?exec==== Executes?external?commands.Any?command?in?an?`exec`?resource?**must**?be?able?to?run?multiple?timeswithout?causing?harm?---?that?is,?it?must?be?*idempotent*. #任何能夠在exec資源執行的命令必須能夠重復執行，并且不產生危害，這就意味著，命令必須擁有冪等性。Parameters-----------?**command**?(*namevar*) ????The?actual?command?to?execute.?-?**creates** ????A?file?to?look?for?before?running?the?command. ????#文件路徑，當此路徑的文件不存在，cmd就會執行exec?{?"tar?-xf?/Volumes/nfs02/important.tar":cwd?????=>?"/var/tmp",creates?=>?"/var/tmp/myfile",path????=>?["/usr/bin",?"/usr/sbin"]}-?**cwd** ????The?directory?from?which?to?run?the?command.?-?**environment** ????Any?additional?environment?variables?you?want?to?set?for?acommand.??-?**group** ????The?group?to?run?the?command?as.-?**logoutput** ????Whether?to?log?command?output?in?addition?to?logging?theexit?code.?????-?**onlyif** ????If?this?parameter?is?set,?then?this?`exec`?will?only?run?ifthe?command?has?an?exit?code?of?0.?#只有這個命令運行成功才運行cmd。For?example:exec?{?"logrotate":path???=>?"/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin",onlyif?=>?"test?`du?/var/log/messages?|?cut?-f1`?-gt?100000"}-?**path** ????The?search?path?used?for?command?execution.-?**refresh** ????How?to?refresh?this?command.??#重新執行當前cmd的替代命令?????-?**refreshonly** ????The?command?should?only?be?run?as?arefresh?mechanism?for?when?a?dependent?object?is?changed.????#僅接收到訂閱的資源的通知才運行cmdValid?values?are?`true`,?`false`.?-?**returns** ????The?expected?exit?code(s).-?**timeout** ????The?maximum?time?the?command?should?take.?-?**tries**????-?**try_sleep** ????The?time?to?sleep?in?seconds?between?'tries'.-?**umask** ????Sets?the?umask?to?be?used?while?executing?this?command-?**unless** ????If?this?parameter?is?set,?then?this?`exec`?will?run?unlessthe?command?has?an?exit?code?of?0. ???#如果這個命令運行失敗就運行cmd-?**user** ????The?user?to?run?the?command?as. Providers---------posix,?shell,?windows ???#示例1：創建目錄[root@node1?manifests]#?vi?exec1.ppexec{'mkdir':command?????=>??'mkdir?/tmp/testdir',path????????=>??'/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin',creates?????=>??'/tmp/testdir',??#directory?not?exist?，exec?cmd.}[root@node1?manifests]#?puppet?apply?-v?exec1.pp?Notice:?Compiled?catalog?for?node1.localdomain?in?environment?production?in?0.07?seconds Info:?Applying?configuration?version?'1500582762'Notice:?/Stage[main]/Main/Exec[mkdir]/returns:?executed?successfully Notice:?Finished?catalog?run?in?0.04?seconds[root@node1?manifests]#?ls?/tmp/testdir/?-d/tmp/testdir/ #示例2：創建用戶[root@node1?manifests]#?vi?exec2.pp?exec{'adduser':command?????=>??'useradd?-r?mogilefs',path????????=>??'/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin', ????unless??????=>??'id?mogilefs',??????#unless?id?cmd?success,exec?comd.}[root@node1?manifests]#?puppet?apply?-v?exec2.pp?Notice:?Compiled?catalog?for?node1.localdomain?in?environment?production?in?0.07?seconds Info:?Applying?configuration?version?'1500583160'Notice:?/Stage[main]/Main/Exec[adduser]/returns:?executed?successfully Notice:?Finished?catalog?run?in?0.10?seconds[root@node1?manifests]#?grep?-i?"mogilefs"?/etc/passwdmogilefs:x:442:442::/home/mogilefs:/bin/bash[root@node1?manifests]#?id?mogilefsuid=442(mogilefs)?gid=442(mogilefs)?groups=442(mogilefs) #示例3package{'httpd':ensure??????=>??latest,}?~>exec{'adduser':command?????=>??'useradd?-r?httpd',path????????=>??'/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin', ??unless??????=>??'id?httpd',?????#unless?id?cmd?success,exec?comd.refreshonly?=>??true,}[root@node1?manifests]#?grep?-i?"httpd"?/etc/passwdapache:x:48:48:Apache:/usr/share/httpd:/sbin/nologinhttpd:x:442:442::/home/httpd:/bin/bash7.cron[root@node1?manifests]#?puppet?describe?croncron==== Installs?and?manages?cron?jobs. #cron資源必要要有一個周期性的屬性cron?{?logrotate:command?=>?"/usr/sbin/logrotate",user????=>?root,hour????=>?['2-4'],minute??=>?'*/10'} Parameters-----------?**command** ????The?command?to?execute?in?the?cron?job.?-?**ensure** ????The?basic?property?that?the?resource?should?be?in.Valid?values?are?`present`,?`absent`.?-?**environment** ????Any?environment?settings?associated?with?this?cron?job.-?**hour**-?**minute**-?**month**-?**monthday**-?**name** ????The?symbolic?name?of?the?cron?job-?**special** ????A?special?value?such?as?'reboot'?or?'annually'.-?**target** ????The?name?of?the?crontab?file?in?which?the?cron?job?should?be?stored. ????#添加哪個用戶的任務-?**user**-?**weekday** #示例1[root@node1?manifests]#?vi?cron1.pp?cron{'synctime':command?????=>??'/usr/sbin/ntpdate?172.16.0.1?&>?/dev/null',name????????=>??'synctime?from?ntp?server',minute??????=>??'*/30',}[root@node1?manifests]#?puppet?apply?-v?cron1.pp[root@node1?manifests]#?crontab?-l?|?grep?'172.'*/30?*?*?*?*?/usr/sbin/ntpdate?172.16.0.1?&>?/dev/null8.notify[root@node1?manifests]#?puppet?describe?notifynotify====== Sends?an?arbitrary?message?to?the?agent?run-time?log. Parameters-----------?**message** ????The?message?to?be?sent?to?the?log.-?**name** ????An?arbitrary?tag?for?your?own?reference;?the?name?of?the?message.-?**withpath** ????Whether?to?show?the?full?object?path.?Defaults?to?false.?Valid?values?are?`true`,?`false`.?#示例????[root@node1?manifests]#?puppet?apply?-v?notify1.pp?Notice:?Compiled?catalog?for?node1.localdomain?in?environment?production?in?0.03?seconds Info:?Applying?configuration?version?'1500584971'Notice:?hi,you?are?welcome! Notice:?/Stage[main]/Main/Notify[sayhi]/message:?defined?'message'?as?'hi,you?are?welcome!'Notice:?Finished?catalog?run?in?0.03?seconds

3.總結

主要介紹了核心類型資源的用法，核心類型資源包括：group，user，package，service，file，exec，cron，notify，總共8種資源的用法。 group定義屬組相關用法，user定義屬主用法，package定義程序包用法，service定義程序服務用法，file定義文件的用法，exec定義了自定義命令的用法，cron定義周期性任務的的用法，notify'定義信息通知的用法。

轉載于:https://blog.51cto.com/huwho/1949369

總結

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