首先恭喜自己終于通過了DATACAMP的第一個課程Introduction to Python，

課程講義也上傳到了百度云里，鏈接7天有效，需要的小伙伴們請?zhí)崆氨４妗?/p>

提取碼：0hr3

該課程主要分為四個章節(jié)：

Python Basics

Python Lists

Functions and Packages

NumPy

卡的比較久的幾個代碼主要是在沒看清題目，又或者網(wǎng)絡不好導致視頻沒仔細看，直接刷題。

重點如下：python區(qū)分大小寫

變量不可以數(shù)字開頭

python數(shù)據(jù)選取從0開始

[including:excluding]左閉右開，即最左邊的區(qū)間選取，右邊的區(qū)間不選取

python 不支持直接對list進行運算，所以需要用到np.array數(shù)組對列表數(shù)據(jù)進行運算。

即標準的列表list[1,2,3]+list[1,2,3]=list[1,2,3,1,2,3]，而numpy中的列表可以通過運算符進行數(shù)學運算np_list[1,2,3]+np_list[1,2,3]=np_list[2,4,6]

因此多數(shù)列表操作使用要調用numpy數(shù)組，比如np.mean(),np.median()

2維列表2dnumpyarray，即list of list 中的數(shù)據(jù)選取規(guī)則如下，逗號分隔，：代表全選

data[：，0]標識第一列全選，data[0,:]標識第一行全選

部分通過代碼如下：

List操作方法

# string to experiment with: place

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place = "poolhouse"

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# Use upper() on place: place_up

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place_up=place.upper()

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# Print out place and place_up

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print(place,place_up)

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# Print out the number of o's in place

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print(place.count('o'))

list.append()一次只能添加一個元素

import math

math.pi即為常數(shù)π

也可以只加載包中的一個函數(shù)使得運行更快。

from math import pi

一般會用ticks 縮寫包名，

如import numpy as np

由于python不支持列的操作，所以一般用numpy包來對列表（數(shù)組）進行運算。

python的列表進行+運算會相連

Numpy的列表進行+運算會求和

可以使用np.array(list)來得到一個numpy列表。

# Create list baseball

baseball = [180, 215, 210, 210, 188, 176, 209, 200]

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# Import the numpy package as np

import numpy as np

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# Create a numpy array from baseball: np_baseball

np_baseball=np.array(baseball)

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# Print out type of np_baseball

print(type(np_baseball))

# height is available as a regular list

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# Import numpy

import numpy as np

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# Create a numpy array from height_in: np_height_in

np_height_in=np.array(height_in)

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# Print out np_height_in

print(np_height_in)

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# Convert np_height_in to m: np_height_m

np_height_m=np_height_in*0.0254

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# Print np_height_m

print(np_height_m)

# height and weight are available as regular lists

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# Import numpy

import numpy as np

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# Create array from height_in with metric units: np_height_m

np_height_m=np.array(height_in)*0.0254

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# Create array from weight_lb with metric units: np_weight_kg

np_weight_kg=np.array(weight_lb)*0.453592

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# Calculate the BMI: bmi

bmi=np_weight_kg/(np_height_m**2)

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# Print out bmi

print(bmi)

選取列表元素

# height and weight are available as a regular lists

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# Import numpy

import numpy as np

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# Calculate the BMI: bmi

np_height_m = np.array(height_in) * 0.0254

np_weight_kg = np.array(weight_lb) * 0.453592

bmi = np_weight_kg / np_height_m ** 2

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# Create the light array

light=bmi<21

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# Print out light

print(light)

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# Print out BMIs of all baseball players whose BMI is below 21

print(bmi[light])

# height and weight are available as a regular lists

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# Import numpy

import numpy as np

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# Store weight and height lists as numpy arrays

np_weight_lb = np.array(weight_lb)

np_height_in = np.array(height_in)

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# Print out the weight at index 50

print(weight_lb[50])

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# Print out sub-array of np_height_in: index 100 up to and including index 110

print(np_height_in[100:111])

2d numpy arrays 可以看做List of list，最多可以有7維的列表

數(shù)據(jù)選取類似R語言中的DATAFRAME，都可以通過逗號分隔來選取，但是需要加 :

# Create baseball, a list of lists

baseball = [[180, 78.4],

[215, 102.7],

[210, 98.5],

[188, 75.2]]

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# Import numpy

import numpy as np

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# Create a 2D numpy array from baseball: np_baseball

np_baseball=np.array(baseball)

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# Print out the type of np_baseball

print(type(np_baseball))

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# Print out the shape of np_baseball

print(np_baseball.shape)

# baseball is available as a regular list of lists

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# Import numpy package

import numpy as np

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# Create np_baseball (2 cols)

np_baseball = np.array(baseball)

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# Print out the 50th row of np_baseball

print(np_baseball[49,:])

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# Select the entire second column of np_baseball: np_weight_lb

np_weight_lb=np_baseball[:,1]

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# Print out height of 124th player

print(np_baseball[0:124,1])You managed to get hold of the changes in height, weight and age of all baseball players. It is available as a 2D numpy array, updated. Add np_baseball and updated and print out the result.

You want to convert the units of height and weight to metric (meters and kilograms respectively). As a first step, create a numpy array with three values: 0.0254, 0.453592 and 1. Name this array conversion.

Multiply np_baseball with conversion and print out the result.

# baseball is available as a regular list of lists

# updated is available as 2D numpy array

# Import numpy package

import numpy as np

# Create np_baseball (3 cols)

np_baseball = np.array(baseball)

# Print out addition of np_baseball and updated

print(np_baseball+updated)

# Create numpy array: conversion

conversion=np.array([0.0254,0.453592,1])

# Print out product of np_baseball and conversion

print(np_baseball*conversion)

# np_baseball is available

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# Import numpy

import numpy as np

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# Create np_height_in from np_baseball

np_height_in=np_baseball[:,0]

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# Print out the mean of np_height_in

print(np.mean(np_height_in))

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# Print out the median of np_height_in

print(np.median(np_height_in))

# np_baseball is available

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# Import numpy

import numpy as np

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# Print mean height (first column)

avg = np.mean(np_baseball[:,0])

print("Average: " + str(avg))

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# Print median height. Replace 'None'

med = np.median(np_baseball[:,0])

print("Median: " + str(med))

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# Print out the standard deviation on height. Replace 'None'

stddev = np.std(np_baseball[:,0])

print("Standard Deviation: " + str(stddev))

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# Print out correlation between first and second column. Replace 'None'

corr = np.corrcoef(np_baseball[:,0],np_baseball[:,1])

print("Correlation: " + str(corr))

nparray選取子集

# heights and positions are available as lists

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# Import numpy

import numpy as np

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# Convert positions and heights to numpy arrays: np_positions, np_heights

np_heights=np.array(heights)

np_positions=np.array(positions)

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# Heights of the goalkeepers: gk_heights

gk_heights=np_heights[np_positions=="GK"]

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# Heights of the other players: other_heights

other_heights=np_heights[np_positions!="GK"]

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# Print out the median height of goalkeepers. Replace 'None'

print("Median height of goalkeepers: " + str(np.median(gk_heights)))

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# Print out the median height of other players. Replace 'None'

print("Median height of other players: " + str(np.median(other_heights)))

總結

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