基于keepalived搭建MySQL高可用集群
MySQL的高可用方案一般有如下幾種:
keepalived+雙主,MHA,MMM,Heartbeat+DRBD,PXC,Galera Cluster
比較常用的是keepalived+雙主,MHA和PXC。
對于小公司,一般推薦使用keepalived+雙主,簡單。
下面來部署一下
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配置環境:
角色 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?主機IP ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?主機名 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 操作系統版本 ? ? 軟件版本
VIP ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?192.168.244.10
master1 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 192.168.244.145 ? ? ? master1 ? ? ? ? ? ?CentOS7.1 ? ? ? MySQL 5.6.26,Keepalived v1.2.13
master2 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 192.168.244.146 ? ? ? master2 ? ? ? ? ? ?CentOS7.1 ? ? ? MySQL 5.6.26,Keepalived v1.2.13
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一、 配置MySQL雙主復制環境
? ? ?1. 修改配置文件
? ? ? master1中有關復制的配置如下:
[mysqld] log-bin=mysql-bin server-id=1 log_slave_updates=1? ? ?master2
[mysqld] log-bin=mysql-bin server-id=2 log_slave_updates=1 read_only=1? ?2. 創建復制用戶
? ? master1中創建:
CREATE USER 'repl'@'192.168.244.146' IDENTIFIED BY 'mysql'; GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'repl'@'192.168.244.146';? ? master2中創建:
CREATE USER 'repl'@'192.168.244.145' IDENTIFIED BY 'mysql'; GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'repl'@'192.168.244.145';? 3. 執行CHANGE MASTER TO語句
? ? ?因是從頭搭建MySQL主從復制集群,所以不需要獲取全局讀鎖來得到二進制日志文件的位置,直接根據show master status的輸出來確認。
? ? ?master1上執行:
CHANGE MASTER TOMASTER_HOST='192.168.244.146',MASTER_USER='repl',MASTER_PASSWORD='mysql',MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000004',MASTER_LOG_POS=64729;? ? master2上執行:
CHANGE MASTER TOMASTER_HOST='192.168.244.145',MASTER_USER='repl',MASTER_PASSWORD='mysql',MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000003',MASTER_LOG_POS=68479;? ? 4. 分別在兩個節點上執行start slave語句并通過show slave status\G查看復制是否搭建成功。
? ? ? ? 成功標準:
Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes?
二、?配置Keepalived
? ? ?1. 安裝Keepalived
? ? ??# yum install -y keepalived
? ? ? 當然,也可直接編譯官方的源碼包。
? ? ?2. 修改Keepalived的配置文件
? ? ?master1
? ? ?[root@master1 ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
vrrp_script chk_mysql {script "/etc/keepalived/check_mysql.sh"interval 30 #設置檢查間隔時長,可根據自己的需求自行設定 } vrrp_instance VI_1 {state BACKUP #通過下面的priority來區分MASTER和BACKUP,也只有如此,底下的nopreempt才有效interface eno16777736virtual_router_id 51priority 100advert_int 1nopreempt #防止切換到從庫后,主keepalived恢復后自動切換回主庫authentication {auth_type PASSauth_pass 1111}track_script {chk_mysql}virtual_ipaddress {192.168.244.10/24} }關于keepalived的參數的詳細介紹,可參考:LVS+Keepalived搭建MyCAT高可用負載均衡集群
其中,/etc/keepalived/check_mysql.sh內容如下:
#!/bin/bash###判斷如果上次檢查的腳本還沒執行完,則退出此次執行 if [ `ps -ef|grep -w "$0"|grep -v "grep"|wc -l` -gt 2 ];thenexit 0 fi mysql_con='mysql -uroot -p123456' error_log="/etc/keepalived/logs/check_mysql.err"###定義一個簡單判斷mysql是否可用的函數 function excute_query {${mysql_con} -e "select 1;" 2>> ${error_log} }###定義無法執行查詢,且mysql服務異常時的處理函數 function service_error {echo -e "`date "+%F %H:%M:%S"` -----mysql service error,now stop keepalived-----" >> ${error_log}service keepalived stop &>> ${error_log}echo "DB1 keepalived 已停止"|mail -s "DB1 keepalived 已停止,請及時處理!" slowtech@126.com 2>> ${error_log}echo -e "\n---------------------------------------------------------\n" >> ${error_log} }###定義無法執行查詢,但mysql服務正常的處理函數 function query_error {echo -e "`date "+%F %H:%M:%S"` -----query error, but mysql service ok, retry after 30s-----" >> ${error_log}sleep 30excute_queryif [ $? -ne 0 ];thenecho -e "`date "+%F %H:%M:%S"` -----still can't execute query-----" >> ${error_log}###對DB1設置read_only屬性echo -e "`date "+%F %H:%M:%S"` -----set read_only = 1 on DB1-----" >> ${error_log}mysql_con -e "set global read_only = 1;" 2>> ${error_log}###kill掉當前客戶端連接echo -e "`date "+%F %H:%M:%S"` -----kill current client thread-----" >> ${error_log}rm -f /tmp/kill.sql &>/dev/null###這里其實是一個批量kill線程的小技巧mysql_con -e 'select concat("kill ",id,";") from information_schema.PROCESSLIST where command="Query" or command="Execute" into outfile "/tmp/kill.sql";'mysql_con -e "source /tmp/kill.sql"sleep 2 ###給kill一個執行和緩沖時間###關閉本機keepalived echo -e "`date "+%F %H:%M:%S"` -----stop keepalived-----" >> ${error_log}service keepalived stop &>> ${error_log}echo "DB1 keepalived 已停止"|mail -s "DB1 keepalived 已停止,請及時處理!" slowtech@126.com 2>> ${error_log}echo -e "\n---------------------------------------------------------\n" >> ${error_log}elseecho -e "`date "+%F %H:%M:%S"` -----query ok after 30s-----" >> ${error_log}echo -e "\n---------------------------------------------------------\n" >> ${error_log}fi }###檢查開始: 執行查詢 excute_query if [ $? -ne 0 ];thenservice mysqld status &>/dev/nullif [ $? -ne 0 ];thenservice_errorelsequery_errorfi fi通過具體的查詢語句來判斷數據庫服務的可用性,如果查詢失敗,則判斷mysqld進程本身的狀態,如果不正常,則直接停止當前節點的keepalived,將VIP轉移到另外一個節點,如果正常,則等待30s,再次執行查詢語句,還是失敗,則將當前的master節點設置為read_only,并kill掉當前的客戶端連接,然后停止當前的keepalived。
? ? ? ?
? ? ? ?master2?
? ? ? ?[root@master2 ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalivedvrrp_instance VI_1 {state BACKUPinterface eno16777736virtual_router_id 51priority 90advert_int 1authentication {auth_type PASSauth_pass 1111}notify_master /etc/keepalived/notify_master_mysql.sh #此條指令告訴keepalived發現自己轉為MASTER后執行的腳本virtual_ipaddress {192.168.244.10/24} }其中,/etc/keepalived/notify_master_mysql.sh的內容如下:
#!/bin/bash ###當keepalived監測到本機轉為MASTER狀態時,執行該腳本change_log=/etc/keepalived/logs/state_change.log mysql_con='mysql -uroot -p123456' echo -e "`date "+%F %H:%M:%S"` -----keepalived change to MASTER-----" >> $change_logslave_info() {###統一定義一個函數取得slave的position、running、和log_file等信息###根據函數后面所跟參數來決定取得哪些數據if [ $1 = slave_status ];thenslave_stat=`${mysql_con} -e "show slave status\G;"|egrep -w "Slave_IO_Running|Slave_SQL_Running"`Slave_IO_Running=`echo $slave_stat|awk '{print $2}'`Slave_SQL_Running=`echo $slave_stat|awk '{print $4}'`elif [ $1 = log_file -a $2 = pos ];thenlog_file_pos=`${mysql_con} -e "show slave status\G;"|egrep -w "Master_Log_File|Read_Master_Log_Pos|Relay_Master_Log_File|Exec_Master_Log_Pos"`Master_Log_File=`echo $log_file_pos|awk '{print $2}'`Read_Master_Log_Pos=`echo $log_file_pos|awk '{print $4}'`Relay_Master_Log_File=`echo $log_file_pos|awk '{print $6}'`Exec_Master_Log_Pos=`echo $log_file_pos|awk '{print $8}'`fi }action() {###經判斷'應該&可以'切換時執行的動作echo -e "`date "+%F %H:%M:%S"` -----set read_only = 0 on DB2-----" >> $change_log###解除read_only屬性${mysql_con} -e "set global read_only = 0;" 2>> $change_logecho "DB2 keepalived轉為MASTER狀態,線上數據庫切換至DB2"|mail -s "DB2 keepalived change to MASTER"\slowtech@126.com 2>> $change_logecho -e "---------------------------------------------------------\n" >> $change_log }slave_info slave_status if [ $Slave_SQL_Running = Yes ];theni=0 #一個計數器slave_info log_file pos###判斷從master接收到的binlog是否全部在本地執行(這樣仍無法完全確定從庫已追上主庫,因為無法完全保證io_thread沒有延時(由網絡傳輸問題導致的從庫落后的概率很小)until [ $Master_Log_File = $Relay_Master_Log_File -a $Read_Master_Log_Pos = $Exec_Master_Log_Pos ]doif [ $i -lt 10 ];then #將等待exec_pos追上read_pos的時間限制為10secho -e "`date "+%F %H:%M:%S"` -----Relay_Master_Log_File=$Relay_Master_Log_File,Exec_Master_Log_Pos=$Exec_Master_Log_Pos is behind Master_Log_File=$Master_Log_File,Read_Master_Log_Pos=$Read_Master_Log_Pos, wait......" >> $change_log #輸出消息到日志,等待exec_pos=read_posi=$(($i+1))sleep 1slave_info log_file poselseecho -e "The waits time is more than 10s,now force change. Master_Log_File=$Master_Log_File Read_Master_Log_Pos=$Read_Master_Log_Pos Relay_Master_Log_File=$Relay_Master_Log_File Exec_Master_Log_Pos=$Exec_Master_Log_Pos" >> $change_logactionexit 0fidoneaction elseslave_info log_file posecho -e "DB2's slave status is wrong,now force change. Master_Log_File=$Master_Log_File Read_Master_Log_Pos=$Read_Master_Log_Pos Relay_Master_Log_File=$Relay_Master_Log_File Exec_Master_Log_Pos=$Exec_Master_Log_Pos" >> $change_logaction fi?
整個腳本的邏輯是讓從的Exec_Master_Log_Pos盡可能的追上Read_Master_Log_Pos,它給了10s的限制,如果還是沒有追上,則直接將master2設置為主(通過解除read_only屬性),其實這里面還是有待商榷的,譬如10s的限制是否合理,還是一定需要Exec_Master_Log_Pos=Read_Master_Log_Pos才切換。
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當原主恢復正常后,如何將VIP從master2切回到master1中呢?
#!/bin/bash ###手動執行將主庫切換回DB1的操作mysql_con='mysql -uroot -p123456'echo -e "`date "+%F %H:%M:%S"` -----change to BACKUP manually-----" >> /etc/keepalived/logs/state_change.log echo -e "`date "+%F %H:%M:%S"` -----set read_only = 1 on DB2-----" >> /etc/keepalived/logs/state_change.log $mysql_con -e "set global read_only = 1;" 2>> /etc/keepalived/logs/state_change.log###kill掉當前客戶端連接 echo -e "`date "+%F %H:%M:%S"` -----kill current client thread-----" >> /etc/keepalived/logs/state_change.log rm -f /tmp/kill.sql &>/dev/null ###這里其實是一個批量kill線程的小技巧 $mysql_con -e 'select concat("kill ",id,";") from information_schema.PROCESSLIST where command="Query" or command="Execute" into outfile "/tmp/kill.sql";' $mysql_con -e "source /tmp/kill.sql" 2>> /etc/keepalived/logs/state_change.log sleep 2 ###給kill一個執行和緩沖時間###確保DB1已經追上了,下面的repl為復制所用的賬戶,-h后跟DB1的內網IP log_file_pos=`mysql -urepl -pmysql -h192.168.244.145 -e "show slave status\G;"|egrep -w "Master_Log_File|Read_Master_Log_Pos|Relay_Master_Log_File|Exec_Master_Log_Pos"` Master_Log_File=`echo $log_file_pos|awk '{print $2}'` Read_Master_Log_Pos=`echo $log_file_pos|awk '{print $4}'` Relay_Master_Log_File=`echo $log_file_pos|awk '{print $6}'` Exec_Master_Log_Pos=`echo $log_file_pos|awk '{print $8}'` until [ $Read_Master_Log_Pos = $Exec_Master_Log_Pos -a $Master_Log_File = $Relay_Master_Log_File ] doecho -e "`date "+%F %H:%M:%S"` -----DB1 Exec_Master_Log_Pos($exec_pos) is behind Read_Master_Log_Pos($read_pos), wait......" >> /etc/keepalived/logs/state_change.logsleep 1 done###然后解除DB1的read_only屬性 echo -e "`date "+%F %H:%M:%S"` -----set read_only = 0 on DB1-----" >> /etc/keepalived/logs/state_change.log ssh 192.168.244.145 'mysql -uroot -p123456 -e "set global read_only = 0;" && /etc/init.d/keepalived start' 2>> /etc/keepalived/logs/state_change.log###重啟DB2的keepalived使VIP漂移到DB1 echo -e "`date "+%F %H:%M:%S"` -----make VIP move to DB1-----" >> /etc/keepalived/logs/state_change.log /sbin/service keepalived restart &>> /etc/keepalived/logs/state_change.logecho "DB2 keepalived轉為BACKUP狀態,線上數據庫切換至DB1"|mail -s "DB2 keepalived change to BACKUP" slowtech@126.com 2>> /etc/keepalived/logs/state_change.logecho -e "--------------------------------------------------\n" >> /etc/keepalived/logs/state_change.log?
總結:
1.?/etc/keepalived/check_mysql.sh和/etc/keepalived/notify_master_mysql.sh必須加可執行權限。
? ? 如果前者沒有加可執行權限,則master1上將不會綁定VIP,日志直接提示如下信息:
May 25 14:37:09 master1 Keepalived_vrrp[3165]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering BACKUP STATE May 25 14:37:09 master1 Keepalived_vrrp[3165]: VRRP sockpool: [ifindex(2), proto(112), unicast(0), fd(10,11)] May 25 14:37:50 master1 Keepalived_vrrp[3165]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Now in FAULT state2. 在Keepalived中有兩種模式,分別是master->backup模式和backup->backup模式,這兩種模式有什么區別呢?
? ? 在master->backup模式下,一旦主庫宕掉,虛擬IP會自動漂移到從庫,當主庫修復后,keepalived啟動后,還會把虛擬IP搶過來,即使你設置nopreempt(不搶占)的方式搶占IP的動作也會發生。在backup->backup模式下,當主庫宕掉后虛擬IP會自動漂移到從庫上,當原主恢復之后重啟keepalived服務,并不會搶占新主的虛擬IP,即使是優先級高于從庫的優先級別,也不會搶占IP。為了減少IP的漂移次數,生產中我們通常是把修復好的主庫當做新主庫的備庫。
3. 本文是在MySQL主庫高可用 -- 雙主單活故障自動切換方案?基礎上,結合自己對于MySQL的理解整理的。原文的腳本直接執行有點問題,思路有有點瑕疵,于是結合自己的實際環境,重新修改了一把。
4. 在測試的過程中,有以下幾點需要注意:
? ? 1> master1檢測腳本的邏輯是如果MySQL的服務不可用,則通過service keepalived stop命令來關閉keepalived,但在實際測試的過程中,卻出現了即便執行了service keepalived stop命令,keepalived進程依然沒有停止,導致MySQL的服務雖然不可用了,但VIP并不沒有漂移到master2上。
? ? ? ? ?優化方案:在執行service keepalived stop后,等待5s,再次檢測keepalived的狀態,如果keepalived沒有關閉,則直接kill掉。
? ? 2> ?keepalived的日志默認是輸出到/var/log/messages中,這樣不便于查看。如何自定義keepalived的日志輸出文件呢?
? ? ? ? ? 如果是用service啟動的,修改/etc/sysconfig/keepalived文件
KEEPALIVED_OPTIONS="-D -d -S 0"? ? ? ? ?如果不是,則啟動的時候指定以上參數,如:
/usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived -d -D -S 0? ? ? ? 修改/etc/syslog.conf
# keepalived -S 0 local0.* /var/log/keepalived.log? ? ? ?重啟syslog
? ? ? ?RHEL 5&6:service syslog restart
? ? ? ?RHEL 7:service rsyslog restart
轉載于:https://www.cnblogs.com/zhanglong68/p/6409015.html
總結
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