操作MongoDB
有用的命令
db.help db.collectionname.help
時區問題
> db.test.insert({"date":new Date("2012-2-2"),"num":1}) > db.test.insert({"date":new Date("2012-02-02"),"num":2}) > db.test.insert({"date":new Date("2012-02-02 00:00:00"),"num":3}) > db.test.find() { "_id" : ObjectId("538ebd629ceb8ee60dcd6a0e"), "date" : ISODate("2012-02-01T16:00:00Z"), "num" : 1 } { "_id" : ObjectId("538ebd6e9ceb8ee60dcd6a0f"), "date" : ISODate("2012-02-02T00:00:00Z"), "num" : 2 } { "_id" : ObjectId("538ebd7e9ceb8ee60dcd6a10"), "date" : ISODate("2012-02-01T16:00:00Z"), "num" : 3 } > db.test.find() { "_id" : ObjectId("538ebd629ceb8ee60dcd6a0e"), "date" : ISODate("2012-02-01T16:00:00Z"), "num" : 1 } { "_id" : ObjectId("538ebd6e9ceb8ee60dcd6a0f"), "date" : ISODate("2012-02-02T00:00:00Z"), "num" : 2 } { "_id" : ObjectId("538ebd7e9ceb8ee60dcd6a10"), "date" : ISODate("2012-02-01T16:00:00Z"), "num" : 3 } >?
開啟子節點的讀
rs.slaveOk();
?
開啟 Profiling ?功能?
有兩種方式可以控制 Profiling ?的開關和級別，第一種是直接在啟動參數里直接進行設置。?啟動MongoDB時加上–profile=級別 ?即可。? 也可以在客戶端調用 db.setProfilingLevel(級別) ?命令來實時配置，Profiler ?信息保存在?system.profile 中。我們可以通過db.getProfilingLevel()命令來獲取當前的Profile級別，類似如下操作??db.setProfilingLevel(2); ???
上面profile的級別可以取0，1，2 ?三個值，他們表示的意義如下：?
0 – ?不開啟?
1 – ?記錄慢命令 (默認為>100ms)??
2 – ?記錄所有命令??
?
Profile ?記錄在級別 1 時會記錄慢命令，那么這個慢的定義是什么?上面我們說到其默認為100ms，當然有默認就有設置，其設置方法和級別一樣有兩種，一種是通過添加–slowms 啟動參數配置。第二種是調用db.setProfilingLevel時加上第二個參數：?
db.setProfilingLevel( 1 , 10 );?
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查詢 Profiling ?記錄?
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與 MySQL 的慢查詢日志不同，MongoDB Profile ?記錄是直接存在系統 db 里的，記錄位置?system.profile ?，所以，我們只要查詢這個 Collection 的記錄就可以獲取到我們的 Profile ?記錄了。列出執行時間長于某一限度(5ms)的 Profile ?記錄：?db.system.profile.find( { millis : { $gt : 5 } } )?
?
查看最新的 Profile ?記錄：?
?db.system.profile.find().sort({$natural:-1}).limit(1)?
?{ "ts" : ISODate("2012-05-20T16:50:36.321Z"), "info" : "query test.system.profile reslen:1219?
nscanned:8 ?\nquery: { query: {}, orderby: { $natural: -1.0 } } ?nreturned:8 bytes:1203", "millis" :? 0 }??
字段說明?
ts： ?該命令在何時執行? info: ?本命令的詳細信息? reslen: ?返回結果集的大小? nscanned: ?本次查詢掃描的記錄數? nreturned: ?本次查詢實際返回的結果集? millis: ?該命令執行耗時，以毫秒記???
MongoDB Shell ?還提供了一個比較簡潔的命令 show profile，可列出最近5 條執行時間超過1ms的 Profile ?記錄。 ?
?
db.ttl.ensureIndex({"Date": 1}, {expireAfterSeconds: 300})
cfg = { _id: "set1", members: [
... { _id:0, host:"10.96.16.118:27017" },
... { _id:1, host:"10.96.16.119:27017" },
... { _id:2, host:"10.96.22.40:27022" , "arbiterOnly": true}
... ]}
rs.initiate(cfg)
收縮日志
在admin數據庫下執行
db.runCommand({logRotate:1}) mongodb會重新寫個日志
?
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上篇講過每個集群結點都有一個priority屬性，默認為1。要改變一個實例的角色，我們只需要給新的實例設置一個高于當前Primary的priority就可以實現了。
注意因為只有Primary結點是可寫的，所以重新配置群集的操作只能在Primary結點上進行。
rs0:PRIMARY> conf.members[1].priority = 2 2 rs0:PRIMARY> rs.reconfig(conf) Fri Jan 24 15:25:36.069 DBClientCursor::init call() failed Fri Jan 24 15:25:36.070 trying reconnect to localhost:27011 Fri Jan 24 15:25:36.070 reconnect localhost:27011 ok reconnected to server after rs command (which is normal)rs0:SECONDARY>?
?
追加內容（numa服務器下mongodb的部署）
numactl --interleave=all ./mongod -f ./mongodb.conf
0：追加內容（MapReduce）
MapReduce是一種計算模型，簡單的說就是將大批量的工作（數據）分解（MAP）執行，然后再將結果合并成最終結果（REDUCE）。這樣做的好處是可以在任務被分解后，可以通過大量機器進行并行計算，減少整個操作的時間。
舉例1
數據
View Code for (var i = 0; i < 10; i++) { ... var u = { name : "user" + i, age : i, sex : i % 2 }; ... db.users.insert(u); ... }A：男女同學分別的人數（select Sex,count(*) from users group by Sex）
m = function() { emit(this.sex, 1) } r = function(key, values) { ... ... var x = 0; ... ... values.forEach(function(v) { x += v ;}); ... ... return x; ... ... }B: 男女同學的平均年齡(select Sex,avg(age) from users group by Sex)
m = function() { emit(this.sex, this.age) } r = function(key, values) { ... ... var x = 0,num=0; ... ... values.forEach(function(v) { x += v ;num++}); ... ... return x/num; ... ... }另一個例子，計算一個標簽系統中每個標簽出現的次數
> db.things.insert( { _id : 1, tags : ['dog', 'cat'] } ); > db.things.insert( { _id : 2, tags : ['cat'] } ); > db.things.insert( { _id : 3, tags : ['mouse', 'cat', 'dog'] } ); > db.things.insert( { _id : 4, tags : [] } ); > // map function > m = function(){ ... this.tags.forEach( ... function(z){ ... emit( z , { count : 1 } ); ... } ... ); ...}; > // reduce function > r = function( key , values ){ ... var total = 0; ... for ( var i=0; i<values.length; i++ ) ... total += values[i].count; ... return { count : total }; ...}; > res = db.things.mapReduce(m, r, { out : "myoutput" } ); > res { "result" : "myoutput", "timeMillis" : 12, "counts" : { "input" : 4, "emit" : 6, "output" : 3 }, "ok" : 1, } > db.myoutput.find() {"_id" : "cat" , "value" : {"count" : 3}} {"_id" : "dog" , "value" : {"count" : 2}} {"_id" : "mouse" , "value" : {"count" : 1}} > db.myoutput.drop()從上面的三個列子我們可以看出
1：map函數只要用于從樣本空間中過濾出key-values集合，其中key就是emit的第一個參數，values就是第二個參數
2：reduce函數主要是要將key-values轉換成key-value的形式，也就是把這一個集合變成一個單一的值
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1：各文件作用
mongo.exe 客戶端程序 mongod.exe 服務端程序 mongodump.exe 備份程序 mongoexport.exe 數據導出程序 mongofiles.exe GridFS工具,內建的分布式文件系統 mongoimport.exe 數據導入程序 mongorestore.exe 數據恢復程序 mongos.exe 數據分片程序，支持數據的橫向擴展 mongostat.exe 監視程序2：部署
MongoDB可以以DOS作為容器運行也可以以服務形式運行。
以DOS為容器運行
mongod --dbpath E:\mongodb\bin\db -- port 27020 --logpath E:\mongodb\bin\log.txt --directoryperdb 讓系統為每個 DB 創建一個獨立子目錄與 Logging 有關的參數除了 --logpath，還有 --logappend 和 --verbose。
默認情況下，Logging 是覆蓋模式(overwrite)，通過 --logappend 可以添加模式記錄日志。
參數 --verbose 設置記錄等級，相當于 -v，更多的級別包括 -vv 直到 -vvvvv。與之相對的是 --quiet，生成最少的日志信息。
還可以用 --cpu 記錄 CPU 的相關信息。
admin.serverStatus() 命令可以獲取 MongoDB 的運行統計信息。(uptime: 服務器運行時間(秒)。localTime: 服務器本地時間。mem: 服務器內存信息。connections: 當前連接數。opcounters: 操作統計。)
db.stats 查看數據庫狀態信息。
以WindowsServer為容器運行
mongod --dbpath E:\mongodb\bin\db --logpath E:\mongodb\bin\log.txt --install以服務方式運行不能指定端口。
驗證方法
mongo --port 27017 show dbs3：復制數據庫
同數據庫系統復制
E:\mongodb\bin>mongo MongoDB shell version: 1.8.2 connecting to: test > use person switched to db person > for (var i = 0; i < 10; i++) db.person.save({id : + i}) > show dbs admin (empty) local (empty) person 0.03125GB > db.copyDatabase("person","person1") { "ok" : 1 } > show dbs admin (empty) local (empty) person 0.03125GB person1 0.03125GB異數據庫系統復制
E:\mongodb\bin>mongo --port 27020 MongoDB shell version: 1.8.2 connecting to: 127.0.0.1:27020/test > show dbs admin (empty) local (empty) > db.copyDatabase("person", "person2", "10.53.139.138:27017") { "ok" : 1 } > show dbs admin (empty) local (empty) person2 0.03125GB4：鎖定數據庫
> db.person.find() { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27baae7ff2440ba274d767"), "id" : 0 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27baae7ff2440ba274d768"), "id" : 1 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27baae7ff2440ba274d769"), "id" : 2 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27baae7ff2440ba274d76a"), "id" : 3 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27baae7ff2440ba274d76b"), "id" : 4 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27baae7ff2440ba274d76c"), "id" : 5 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27baae7ff2440ba274d76d"), "id" : 6 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27baae7ff2440ba274d76e"), "id" : 7 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27baae7ff2440ba274d76f"), "id" : 8 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27baae7ff2440ba274d770"), "id" : 9 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27bf5c9033de6afd328581"), "id" : 10 } > admin=db.getSisterDB("admin") admin > admin.runCommand({fsync : 1, lock : 1}) //鎖定 { "info" : "now locked against writes, use db.$cmd.sys.unlock.findOne() to unlock", "ok" : 1 } > db.person.find()//鎖定期間可讀 { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27baae7ff2440ba274d767"), "id" : 0 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27baae7ff2440ba274d768"), "id" : 1 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27baae7ff2440ba274d769"), "id" : 2 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27baae7ff2440ba274d76a"), "id" : 3 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27baae7ff2440ba274d76b"), "id" : 4 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27baae7ff2440ba274d76c"), "id" : 5 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27baae7ff2440ba274d76d"), "id" : 6 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27baae7ff2440ba274d76e"), "id" : 7 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27baae7ff2440ba274d76f"), "id" : 8 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27baae7ff2440ba274d770"), "id" : 9 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27bf5c9033de6afd328581"), "id" : 10 } > db.person.save({id : 11 })鎖定期間寫被阻塞 ----------------- 另開CMD E:\mongodb\bin>mongo MongoDB shell version: 1.8.2 connecting to: test > use admin switched to db admin > db.$cmd.sys.unlock.findOne() { "ok" : 1, "info" : "unlock requested" } ------------------ > db.person.find() { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27baae7ff2440ba274d767"), "id" : 0 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27baae7ff2440ba274d768"), "id" : 1 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27baae7ff2440ba274d769"), "id" : 2 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27baae7ff2440ba274d76a"), "id" : 3 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27baae7ff2440ba274d76b"), "id" : 4 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27baae7ff2440ba274d76c"), "id" : 5 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27baae7ff2440ba274d76d"), "id" : 6 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27baae7ff2440ba274d76e"), "id" : 7 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27baae7ff2440ba274d76f"), "id" : 8 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27baae7ff2440ba274d770"), "id" : 9 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27bf5c9033de6afd328581"), "id" : 10 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27bfe99033de6afd328582"), "id" : 11 }需要注意：兩次鎖定時第二次會等待第一次鎖釋放，鎖定的時候當第一次有寫操作時在沒有解鎖前所有的操作都不能進行。
5：備份與恢復
（完成person從27020備份然后還原到27017）
備份
E:\mongodb\bin>mongodump -h 10.53.139.138:27020 -d person2 -o E:\mongodb\bin\back connected to: 10.53.139.138:27020 DATABASE: person2 to E:/mongodb/bin/back/person2 person2.person to E:/mongodb/bin/back/person2/person.bson 10 objects person2.system.indexes to E:/mongodb/bin/back/person2/system.indexes.bson 1 objects恢復
E:\mongodb\bin>mongo --port 27017 MongoDB shell version: 1.8.2 connecting to: 127.0.0.1:27017/test > show dbs admin (empty) blog (empty) local (empty) person 0.03125GB person1 0.03125GB persons (empty) > exit bye E:\mongodb\bin>mongorestore -h 10.53.139.138:27017 --directoryperdb E:\mongodb\b in\back\person2 connected to: 10.53.139.138:27017 Thu Jul 21 14:36:10 E:/mongodb/bin/back/person2/person.bson Thu Jul 21 14:36:10 going into namespace [person2.person] Thu Jul 21 14:36:10 10 objects found Thu Jul 21 14:36:10 E:/mongodb/bin/back/person2/system.indexes.bson Thu Jul 21 14:36:10 going into namespace [person2.system.indexes] Thu Jul 21 14:36:10 { name: "_id_", ns: "person2.person", key: { _id: 1 }, v: 0 } Thu Jul 21 14:36:10 1 objects found E:\mongodb\bin>mongo --port 27017 MongoDB shell version: 1.8.2 connecting to: 127.0.0.1:27017/test > show dbs admin (empty) blog (empty) local (empty) person 0.03125GB person1 0.03125GB person2 0.03125GB persons (empty)公共參數：
--port arg??? 指定端口
-h arg??? 指定主機
-d arg??? 指定database
-c arg??? 指定collection
--dbpath arg??? 指定mongod的數據庫文件所在路徑
備份：
bsondump
命令用法：bsondump [options] <bson fileName>
特別參數：
--type arg 輸出文件的格式，arg= json,debug在xp下不能用，沒測試
mongodump
命令用法：mongodump [options]
特別參數：
-o arg 輸出的"目錄",不指定時，默認在執行命令的路徑下創建dump目錄導出
-q arg json query，此處可通過json查詢，有選擇性的導出數據
說明：
1.與mongorestore構成一對工具集，即由Mongodump導出的數據可由mongrestore恢復
2.mongodump可用于“熱備份”
3.導出的數據是bson格式
性能：數據庫中1g的數據導出后變成285M，大概8秒
6：導入與導出
導出（文件要預先建立）
E:\mongodb\bin>mongoexport -h 10.53.139.138 -d person -c person -o E:\mongodb\bin\aa.bson connected to: 10.53.139.138 exported 14 records導入
E:\mongodb\bin>mongo --port 27017 MongoDB shell version: 1.8.2 connecting to: 127.0.0.1:27017/test > show dbs admin (empty) blog (empty) local (empty) person 0.03125GB person1 0.03125GB person2 0.03125GB persons (empty) > exit bye E:\mongodb\bin>mongoimport -h 10.53.139.138 --port 27017 -d person3 -c person -- file E:\mongodb\bin\aa.bson connected to: 10.53.139.138:27017 imported 14 objects E:\mongodb\bin>mongo --port 27017 MongoDB shell version: 1.8.2 connecting to: 127.0.0.1:27017/test > show dbs admin (empty) blog (empty) local (empty) person 0.03125GB person1 0.03125GB person2 0.03125GB person3 0.03125GB persons (empty)7：操作
插入
E:\mongodb\bin>mongo --port 27017 MongoDB shell version: 1.8.2 connecting to: 127.0.0.1:27017/test > show dbs admin (empty) local (empty) test (empty) > use company switched to db company > u={name:"dabing",id:1} { "name" : "dabing", "id" : 1 } > db.person.insert(u) > db.person.find() { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27d1edb449d8dc5d763a57"), "name" : "dabing", "id" : 1 } > u.id+=1 2 > db.person.save(u) > db.person.find() { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27d1edb449d8dc5d763a57"), "name" : "dabing", "id" : 1 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27d228b449d8dc5d763a58"), "name" : "dabing", "id" : 2 } > u=db.person.findOne({id:1}) { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27d1edb449d8dc5d763a57"), "name" : "dabing", "id" : 1 } > u.id+=2 3 > db.person.save(u) > db.person.find() { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27d1edb449d8dc5d763a57"), "name" : "dabing", "id" : 3 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27d228b449d8dc5d763a58"), "name" : "dabing", "id" : 2 }save() 可插入新文檔，也可以更新(update)一個已有的文檔
查詢函數式有 find() 和 findOne()，前者返回一個迭代器 cursor，后者返回單個文檔
查詢
E:\mongodb\bin>mongo --port 27017 MongoDB shell version: 1.8.2 connecting to: 127.0.0.1:27017/test > show dbs admin (empty) local (empty) test (empty) > show dbs admin (empty) local (empty) test (empty) > use company switched to db company > for (var i = 0; i < 10; i++) db.users.insert({name:"user" + i, age:20 + i, sex:i % 2}) > db.users.find({name:"user1"}) //select * from users where name = 'user1' { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27d3e2b449d8dc5d763a5a"), "name" : "user1", "age" : 21, "sex" : 1 } > db.users.find({name:"user1",age:1}) > db.users.find({name:"user1",age:21}) //select * from users where name = 'user1' and age = 21 { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27d3e2b449d8dc5d763a5a"), "name" : "user1", "age" : 21, "sex" : 1 } > db.users.find({name:"user1",age:21},{name:1}) { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27d3e2b449d8dc5d763a5a"), "name" : "user1" } > db.users.find({name:"user1",age:21},{name:1,age:1}) //select name,age from users where name = 'user1' and age = 21 { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27d3e2b449d8dc5d763a5a"), "name" : "user1", "age" : 21 } > db.users.find().sort({age:1}) //select * from users order by age asc { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27d3e2b449d8dc5d763a59"), "name" : "user0", "age" : 20, "sex" : 0 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27d3e2b449d8dc5d763a5a"), "name" : "user1", "age" : 21, "sex" : 1 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27d3e2b449d8dc5d763a5b"), "name" : "user2", "age" : 22, "sex" : 0 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27d3e2b449d8dc5d763a5c"), "name" : "user3", "age" : 23, "sex" : 1 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27d3e2b449d8dc5d763a5d"), "name" : "user4", "age" : 24, "sex" : 0 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27d3e2b449d8dc5d763a5e"), "name" : "user5", "age" : 25, "sex" : 1 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27d3e2b449d8dc5d763a5f"), "name" : "user6", "age" : 26, "sex" : 0 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27d3e2b449d8dc5d763a60"), "name" : "user7", "age" : 27, "sex" : 1 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27d3e2b449d8dc5d763a61"), "name" : "user8", "age" : 28, "sex" : 0 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27d3e2b449d8dc5d763a62"), "name" : "user9", "age" : 29, "sex" : 1 } > db.users.find().sort({age:-1})//select * from users order by age desc { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27d3e2b449d8dc5d763a62"), "name" : "user9", "age" : 29, "sex" : 1 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27d3e2b449d8dc5d763a61"), "name" : "user8", "age" : 28, "sex" : 0 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27d3e2b449d8dc5d763a60"), "name" : "user7", "age" : 27, "sex" : 1 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27d3e2b449d8dc5d763a5f"), "name" : "user6", "age" : 26, "sex" : 0 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27d3e2b449d8dc5d763a5e"), "name" : "user5", "age" : 25, "sex" : 1 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27d3e2b449d8dc5d763a5d"), "name" : "user4", "age" : 24, "sex" : 0 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27d3e2b449d8dc5d763a5c"), "name" : "user3", "age" : 23, "sex" : 1 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27d3e2b449d8dc5d763a5b"), "name" : "user2", "age" : 22, "sex" : 0 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27d3e2b449d8dc5d763a5a"), "name" : "user1", "age" : 21, "sex" : 1 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27d3e2b449d8dc5d763a59"), "name" : "user0", "age" : 20, "sex" : 0 } > db.users.find().sort({sex:-1,age:-1}) //select * from users order by sex asce, age desc { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27d3e2b449d8dc5d763a62"), "name" : "user9", "age" : 29, "sex" : 1 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27d3e2b449d8dc5d763a60"), "name" : "user7", "age" : 27, "sex" : 1 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27d3e2b449d8dc5d763a5e"), "name" : "user5", "age" : 25, "sex" : 1 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27d3e2b449d8dc5d763a5c"), "name" : "user3", "age" : 23, "sex" : 1 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27d3e2b449d8dc5d763a5a"), "name" : "user1", "age" : 21, "sex" : 1 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27d3e2b449d8dc5d763a61"), "name" : "user8", "age" : 28, "sex" : 0 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27d3e2b449d8dc5d763a5f"), "name" : "user6", "age" : 26, "sex" : 0 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27d3e2b449d8dc5d763a5d"), "name" : "user4", "age" : 24, "sex" : 0 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27d3e2b449d8dc5d763a5b"), "name" : "user2", "age" : 22, "sex" : 0 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27d3e2b449d8dc5d763a59"), "name" : "user0", "age" : 20, "sex" : 0 } > db.users.find().sort({sex:-1,age:-1}).skip(2).limit(3)//select * from users skip 2 limit 3 { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27d3e2b449d8dc5d763a5e"), "name" : "user5", "age" : 25, "sex" : 1 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27d3e2b449d8dc5d763a5c"), "name" : "user3", "age" : 23, "sex" : 1 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27d3e2b449d8dc5d763a5a"), "name" : "user1", "age" : 21, "sex" : 1 } > db.users.find({sex:1, age:{$gt:23, $lt:28}})//select * from users where sex = 1 and age > 23 and age < 28 { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27d3e2b449d8dc5d763a5e"), "name" : "user5", "age" : 25, "sex" : 1 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27d3e2b449d8dc5d763a60"), "name" : "user7", "age" : 27, "sex" : 1 } 比較操作包括：$gt (>)、$lt (<)、$gte (>=)、$lte(<=)、$ne (!=) > db.users.find({age:{$in:[23,26,32]}}) //select * from users where age in (23, 26, 32) { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27d3e2b449d8dc5d763a5c"), "name" : "user3", "age" : 23, "sex" : 1 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27d3e2b449d8dc5d763a5f"), "name" : "user6", "age" : 26, "sex" : 0 } 對應的操作符有 $nin (not in) > db.users.find({age:{$gt:20}}).count()//select count(*) from users where age > 20 9 > db.users.find({$or:[{age:25}, {age:28}]})//select * from users where age = 25 or age = 28 { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27d3e2b449d8dc5d763a5e"), "name" : "user5", "age" : 25, "sex" : 1 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27d3e2b449d8dc5d763a61"), "name" : "user8", "age" : 28, "sex" : 0 } > db.users.find({$or:[{age:{$lte:23}}, {age:{$gte:33}}]})//select * from users where age <= 23 or age >= 33 { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27d3e2b449d8dc5d763a59"), "name" : "user0", "age" : 20, "sex" : 0 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27d3e2b449d8dc5d763a5a"), "name" : "user1", "age" : 21, "sex" : 1 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27d3e2b449d8dc5d763a5b"), "name" : "user2", "age" : 22, "sex" : 0 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27d3e2b449d8dc5d763a5c"), "name" : "user3", "age" : 23, "sex" : 1 }更新
E:\mongodb\bin>mongo --port 27017 MongoDB shell version: 1.8.2 connecting to: 127.0.0.1:27017/test > show dbs admin (empty) company 0.03125GB local (empty) test (empty) > db.users.find({name:"user1"}) { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27d3e2b449d8dc5d763a5a"), "name" : "user1", "age" : 100, "sex" : 0 } //db.collection.update(criteria, objNew, upsert, mult) //criteria: 需要被更新的條件表達式 //objNew: 更新表達式 //upsert: 如目標記錄不存在，是否插入新文檔。 //multi: 是否更新多個文檔。 > db.users.update({name:"user1"}, {$set:{age:101, sex:0}})//update users set age = 101, sex = 0 where name = 'user1' > db.users.find({name:"user1"}) { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27d3e2b449d8dc5d763a5a"), "name" : "user1", "age" : 101, "sex" : 0 } > db.users.update({name:"user1"}, {$inc:{age:10}}, false, true)//update users set age = age + 10 where name = 'user1' > db.users.find({name:"user1"}) { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27d3e2b449d8dc5d763a5a"), "name" : "user1", "age" : 111, "sex" : 0 } > db.users.update({name:"user1"}, {$inc:{age:10}, $set:{sex:1}})//update users set age = age + 10, sex = 1 where name = 'user1' > db.users.find({name:"user1"}) { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27d3e2b449d8dc5d763a5a"), "name" : "user1", "age" : 121, "sex" : 1 }刪除
> db.users.find() { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27d3e2b449d8dc5d763a59"), "name" : "user0", "age" : 20, "sex" : 0 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27d3e2b449d8dc5d763a5a"), "name" : "user1", "age" : 121, "sex" : 1 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27d3e2b449d8dc5d763a5b"), "name" : "user2", "age" : 22, "sex" : 0 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27d3e2b449d8dc5d763a5c"), "name" : "user3", "age" : 23, "sex" : 1 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27d3e2b449d8dc5d763a5d"), "name" : "user4", "age" : 24, "sex" : 0 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27d3e2b449d8dc5d763a5e"), "name" : "user5", "age" : 25, "sex" : 1 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27d3e2b449d8dc5d763a5f"), "name" : "user6", "age" : 26, "sex" : 0 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27d3e2b449d8dc5d763a60"), "name" : "user7", "age" : 27, "sex" : 1 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27d3e2b449d8dc5d763a61"), "name" : "user8", "age" : 28, "sex" : 0 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27d3e2b449d8dc5d763a62"), "name" : "user9", "age" : 29, "sex" : 1 } > db.users.remove({name:"user3"}) > db.users.find() { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27d3e2b449d8dc5d763a59"), "name" : "user0", "age" : 20, "sex" : 0 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27d3e2b449d8dc5d763a5a"), "name" : "user1", "age" : 121, "sex" : 1 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27d3e2b449d8dc5d763a5b"), "name" : "user2", "age" : 22, "sex" : 0 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27d3e2b449d8dc5d763a5d"), "name" : "user4", "age" : 24, "sex" : 0 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27d3e2b449d8dc5d763a5e"), "name" : "user5", "age" : 25, "sex" : 1 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27d3e2b449d8dc5d763a5f"), "name" : "user6", "age" : 26, "sex" : 0 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27d3e2b449d8dc5d763a60"), "name" : "user7", "age" : 27, "sex" : 1 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27d3e2b449d8dc5d763a61"), "name" : "user8", "age" : 28, "sex" : 0 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27d3e2b449d8dc5d763a62"), "name" : "user9", "age" : 29, "sex" : 1 } > db.users.remove() > db.users.find()MapReduce
E:\mongodb\bin>mongo --port 27017 MongoDB shell version: 1.8.2 connecting to: 127.0.0.1:27017/test > use blog switched to db blog >for (var i = 0; i < 1000; i++) { ... var u = { name : "user" + i, age : i % 40 + 1, sex : i % 2 }; ... db.users.insert(u); ... } > db.users.ensureIndex({name:1}) > db.users.ensureIndex({age:1}) //相當于select count(*) value,age from users group by age > m = function() { emit(this.age, 1) } function () { emit(this.age, 1); } > r = function(key, values) { ... ... var x = 0; ... ... values.forEach(function(v) { x += v });//這里可以執行批量更新操作eg ... ... return x; ... ... } ------------------//批量更新例子 r = function(key, values) { ... update = function(v) { ... db.users.update({_id:key}, {$inc:{age:1}}, false, false); ... } ... values.forEach(update); ... return key; ... } mapreduce: 要操作的目標集合。 map: 映射函數 (生成鍵值對序列，作為 reduce 函數參數)。 reduce: 統計函數。 query: 目標記錄過濾。 sort: 目標記錄排序。 limit: 限制目標記錄數量。 out: 統計結果存放集合 (不指定則使用臨時集合，在客戶端斷開后自動刪除)。 keeptemp: 是否保留臨時集合。 finalize: 最終處理函數 (對 reduce 返回結果進行最終整理后存入結果集合)。 scope: 向 map、reduce、finalize 導入外部變量。 verbose: 顯示詳細的時間統計信息。 -------------------- function (key, values) { var x = 0; values.forEach(function (v) {x += v;}); return x; } > res = db.users.mapReduce(m, r,{out:"res"}); { "result" : "res", "timeMillis" : 62, "counts" : { "input" : 1000, "emit" : 1000, "output" : 40 }, "ok" : 1, } > db.res.find() { "_id" : 1, "value" : 25 } { "_id" : 2, "value" : 25 } { "_id" : 3, "value" : 25 } { "_id" : 4, "value" : 25 } { "_id" : 5, "value" : 25 } { "_id" : 6, "value" : 25 } { "_id" : 7, "value" : 25 } { "_id" : 8, "value" : 25 } { "_id" : 9, "value" : 25 } { "_id" : 10, "value" : 25 } { "_id" : 11, "value" : 25 } { "_id" : 12, "value" : 25 } { "_id" : 13, "value" : 25 } { "_id" : 14, "value" : 25 } { "_id" : 15, "value" : 25 } { "_id" : 16, "value" : 25 } { "_id" : 17, "value" : 25 } { "_id" : 18, "value" : 25 } { "_id" : 19, "value" : 25 } { "_id" : 20, "value" : 25 } has more //可以進一步處理 > f = function(key, value) { return {age:key, count:value}; } function (key, value) { return {age:key, count:value}; } //res = db.users.mapReduce(m, r,{out:"res",finalize:f,query:{age:{$lt:10}}, sort:{name:1}, limit:5}}); > res = db.users.mapReduce(m, r,{out:"res",finalize:f}); { "result" : "res", "timeMillis" : 31, "counts" : { "input" : 1000, "emit" : 1000, "output" : 40 }, "ok" : 1, } > db.res.find() { "_id" : 1, "value" : { "age" : 1, "count" : 25 } } { "_id" : 2, "value" : { "age" : 2, "count" : 25 } } { "_id" : 3, "value" : { "age" : 3, "count" : 25 } } { "_id" : 4, "value" : { "age" : 4, "count" : 25 } } { "_id" : 5, "value" : { "age" : 5, "count" : 25 } } { "_id" : 6, "value" : { "age" : 6, "count" : 25 } } { "_id" : 7, "value" : { "age" : 7, "count" : 25 } } { "_id" : 8, "value" : { "age" : 8, "count" : 25 } } { "_id" : 9, "value" : { "age" : 9, "count" : 25 } } { "_id" : 10, "value" : { "age" : 10, "count" : 25 } } { "_id" : 11, "value" : { "age" : 11, "count" : 25 } } { "_id" : 12, "value" : { "age" : 12, "count" : 25 } } { "_id" : 13, "value" : { "age" : 13, "count" : 25 } } { "_id" : 14, "value" : { "age" : 14, "count" : 25 } } { "_id" : 15, "value" : { "age" : 15, "count" : 25 } } { "_id" : 16, "value" : { "age" : 16, "count" : 25 } } { "_id" : 17, "value" : { "age" : 17, "count" : 25 } } { "_id" : 18, "value" : { "age" : 18, "count" : 25 } } { "_id" : 19, "value" : { "age" : 19, "count" : 25 } } { "_id" : 20, "value" : { "age" : 20, "count" : 25 } } has more >其他操作
> u = db.users.findOne({"im.qq":12345}) { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27dc01df0c628545d11eac"), "name" : "user1", "age" : 15, "address" : [ "address1", "address2" ], "im" : { "msn" : "user1@hotmail.com", "qq" : 12345 } } > u = db.users.find({"im.qq":{$exists:true}}, {"im.qq":1}) //可以通過 $exists 判斷某個字段是否存在 { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27dc01df0c628545d11eac"), "im" : { "qq" : 12345 } } > db.users.insert({name:"user3", data:[1,2,3,4,5,6,7]}) > db.users.insert({name:"user4", data:[1,2,3]}) > db.users.find({data:{$all:[2,3,4]}}) //$all: 判斷數組屬性是否包含全部條件。 { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27dcc1df0c628545d11eae"), "name" : "user3", "data" : [ 1,2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ] } 注意和 $in 的區別。$in 是檢查目標屬性值是條件表達式中的一員，而 $all 則要求屬性值包含全部條件元素。 > db.users.find({data:{$size:3}})//$size: 匹配數組屬性元素數量 { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27dcc6df0c628545d11eaf"), "name" : "user4", "data" : [ 1,2, 3 ] } > db.users.find({data:{$type:1}})//$type: 判斷屬性類型。 { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27dcc1df0c628545d11eae"), "name" : "user3", "data" : [ 1,2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ] } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27dcc6df0c628545d11eaf"), "name" : "user4", "data" : [ 1,2, 3 ] } double:1 string: 2 object: 3 array: 4 binary data: 5 object id: 7 boolean: 8 date: 9 null: 10 regular expression: 11 javascript code: 13 symbol: 14 javascript code with scope: 15 32-bit integer: 16 timestamp: 17 64-bit integer: 18 min key: 255 max key: 127 > db.users.find({name:/user[135]/i}, {name:1})//使用正則表達式進行查詢。 { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27dcc1df0c628545d11eae"), "name" : "user3" } i: 忽略大小寫。 m: 默認為單行處理，此標記表示多行。 x: 擴展。 > db.users.find({address:"abc"})//數組屬性元素值匹配 { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27de60df0c628545d11eb0"), "name" : "user1", "age" : 15, "address" : [ { "a" : 1 }, { "b" : 1 }, 3, "abc" ] } > db.users.find({address:{$elemMatch:{a:1, b:{$gt:5}}}}) //{data:"abc"} 僅簡單匹配數組屬性是否包含該元素。$elemMatch 則可以處理更復雜的元素查找條件。當然也可以寫成如下方式。{elemMatch沒有找出} //還可以直接使用序號進行操作 > db.users.find({"address.a":1, "address.b":{$gt:5}}) { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27de60df0c628545d11eb0"), "name" : "user1", "age" : 15, "address" : [ { "a" : 1 }, { "b" : 10 }, 3, "abc" ] } > db.users.find({"address.2":3}) { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27de60df0c628545d11eb0"), "name" : "user1", "age" : 15, "address" : [ { "a" : 1 }, { "b" : 10 }, 3, "abc" ] } > db.users.find({name:{$not:/user3/}}, {name:1})//$not: 取反，表示返回條件不成立的文檔。 { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27de60df0c628545d11eb0"), "name" : "user1" } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27e1ebdf0c628545d11eb1"), "name" : "user0" } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27e1ebdf0c628545d11eb2"), "name" : "user1" } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27e1ebdf0c628545d11eb3"), "name" : "user2" } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27e1ebdf0c628545d11eb5"), "name" : "user4" } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27e1ebdf0c628545d11eb6"), "name" : "user5" } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27e1ebdf0c628545d11eb7"), "name" : "user6" } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27e1ebdf0c628545d11eb8"), "name" : "user7" } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27e1ebdf0c628545d11eb9"), "name" : "user8" } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27e1ebdf0c628545d11eba"), "name" : "user9" } > db.users.find({name:"user1"}) { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27de60df0c628545d11eb0"), "name" : "user1", "age" : 15, "address" : [ { "a" : 1 }, { "b" : 10 }, 3, "abc" ] } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27e1ebdf0c628545d11eb2"), "name" : "user1", "age" : 21, "sex" : 1 } > db.users.update({name:"user1"}, {$unset:{address:1, im:1}})//$unset: 和 $set 相反，表示移除文檔屬性 > db.users.find({name:"user1"}) { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27de60df0c628545d11eb0"), "age" : 15, "name" : "user1" } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27e1ebdf0c628545d11eb2"), "name" : "user1", "age" : 21, "sex" : 1 } > u = db.users.find({name:"user2"}) { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27e1ebdf0c628545d11eb3"), "name" : "user2", "age" : 22, "sex" : 0 } > db.users.update({name:"user2"}, {$push:{data:1}}) //$push: 和 $ pushAll 都是向數組屬性添加元素 > u = db.users.find({name:"user2"}) { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27e1ebdf0c628545d11eb3"), "age" : 22, "data" : [ 1 ], "name" : "user2", "sex" : 0 } > db.users.update({name:"user2"}, {$pushAll:{data:[2,3,4,5]}}) > u = db.users.find({name:"user2"}) { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27e1ebdf0c628545d11eb3"), "age" : 22, "data" : [ 1, 2, 3,4, 5 ], "name" : "user2", "sex" : 0 } > u = db.users.find({name:"user3"}) { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27e1ebdf0c628545d11eb4"), "name" : "user3", "age" : 23, "sex" : 1 } > db.users.update({name:"user3"}, {$addToSet:{data:1}}) // $addToSet: 和 $push 類似，不過僅在該元素不存在時才添加 (Set 表示不重復元素集合) > u = db.users.find({name:"user3"}) { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27e1ebdf0c628545d11eb4"), "age" : 23, "data" : [ 1 ], "name" : "user3", "sex" : 1 } > db.users.update({name:"user3"}, {$addToSet:{data:1}}) > u = db.users.find({name:"user3"}) { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27e1ebdf0c628545d11eb4"), "age" : 23, "data" : [ 1 ], "name" : "user3", "sex" : 1 } > db.users.update({name:"user3"}, {$push:{data:1}}) > u = db.users.find({name:"user3"}) { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27e1ebdf0c628545d11eb4"), "age" : 23, "data" : [ 1, 1 ], "name" : "user3", "sex" : 1 } > db.users.update({name:"user4"}, {$addToSet:{data:{$each:[1,2,3,4]}}})//要添加多個元素，使用 $each > u = db.users.find({name:"user4"}) { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27e1ebdf0c628545d11eb5"), "age" : 24, "data" : [ 1, 2, 3,4 ], "name" : "user4", "sex" : 0 } > db.users.find({name:"user4"}) { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27e1ebdf0c628545d11eb5"), "age" : 24, "data" : [ 1, 2, 3,4 ], "name" : "user4", "sex" : 0 } > db.users.update({name:"user4"}, {$pop:{data:1}}) //$pop: 移除數組屬性的元素，$pull 按值移除，$pullAll 移除所有符合提交的元素 > db.users.find({name:"user4"}) { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27e1ebdf0c628545d11eb5"), "age" : 24, "data" : [ 1, 2, 3 ], "name" : "user4", "sex" : 0 } > db.users.update({name:"user4"}, {$pop:{data:-1}}) > db.users.find({name:"user4"}) { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27e1ebdf0c628545d11eb5"), "age" : 24, "data" : [ 2, 3 ], "name" : "user4", "sex" : 0 } > db.users.update({name:"user4"}, {$pull:{data:2}})//移除全部 2 > db.users.find({name:"user4"}) { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27e1ebdf0c628545d11eb5"), "age" : 24, "data" : [ 3 ], "name" : "user4", "sex" : 0 } > db.users.find({name:"user2"}) { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27e1ebdf0c628545d11eb3"), "age" : 22, "data" : [ 1, 2, 3,4, 5 ], "name" : "user2", "sex" : 0 } > db.users.update({name:"user2"}, {$pullAll:{data:[2,3,6]}}) > db.users.find({name:"user2"}) { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27e1ebdf0c628545d11eb3"), "age" : 22, "data" : [ 1, 4, 5 ], "name" : "user2", "sex" : 0 } > db.dropDatabase() { "dropped" : "company", "ok" : 1 } > for (var i = 0; i < 10; i++) db.users.insert({name:"user"+i, age:i}) > db.users.find()//$where: 用 JS 代碼來代替有些丑陋的 $lt、$gt { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27e3b4df0c628545d11ebb"), "name" : "user0", "age" : 0 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27e3b4df0c628545d11ebc"), "name" : "user1", "age" : 1 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27e3b4df0c628545d11ebd"), "name" : "user2", "age" : 2 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27e3b4df0c628545d11ebe"), "name" : "user3", "age" : 3 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27e3b4df0c628545d11ebf"), "name" : "user4", "age" : 4 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27e3b4df0c628545d11ec0"), "name" : "user5", "age" : 5 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27e3b4df0c628545d11ec1"), "name" : "user6", "age" : 6 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27e3b4df0c628545d11ec2"), "name" : "user7", "age" : 7 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27e3b4df0c628545d11ec3"), "name" : "user8", "age" : 8 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27e3b4df0c628545d11ec4"), "name" : "user9", "age" : 9 } > db.users.find({$where:"this.age > 7 || this.age < 3"}) { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27e3b4df0c628545d11ebb"), "name" : "user0", "age" : 0 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27e3b4df0c628545d11ebc"), "name" : "user1", "age" : 1 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27e3b4df0c628545d11ebd"), "name" : "user2", "age" : 2 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27e3b4df0c628545d11ec3"), "name" : "user8", "age" : 8 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27e3b4df0c628545d11ec4"), "name" : "user9", "age" : 9 } > db.users.find("this.age > 7 || this.age < 3") { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27e3b4df0c628545d11ebb"), "name" : "user0", "age" : 0 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27e3b4df0c628545d11ebc"), "name" : "user1", "age" : 1 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27e3b4df0c628545d11ebd"), "name" : "user2", "age" : 2 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27e3b4df0c628545d11ec3"), "name" : "user8", "age" : 8 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27e3b4df0c628545d11ec4"), "name" : "user9", "age" : 9 } > db.users.find({$where: function(){ return this.age > 7 || this.age < 3;}}) { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27e3b4df0c628545d11ebb"), "name" : "user0", "age" : 0 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27e3b4df0c628545d11ebc"), "name" : "user1", "age" : 1 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27e3b4df0c628545d11ebd"), "name" : "user2", "age" : 2 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27e3b4df0c628545d11ec3"), "name" : "user8", "age" : 8 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27e3b4df0c628545d11ec4"), "name" : "user9", "age" : 9 }8：索引
> for (var i = 0; i < 30; i++) { ... u = { name : "user" + i, ... age : 20 + i, ... contact : { ... address : ["address1_" + i, "address2_" + i], ... postcode : 100000 + i, ... } ... }; ... db.users.insert(u); ... } //使用 ensureIndex 創建索引，dropIndex() 刪除索引，dropIndexes() 刪除全部索引(不包括 _id 等系統索引)。 > db.users.ensureIndex({name:1}) > db.users.ensureIndex({age:1}) > db.system.indexes.find() { "name" : "_id_", "ns" : "blog.users", "key" : { "_id" : 1 } } { "_id" : ObjectId("4c4a...b798"), "ns" : "blog.users", "key" : { "name" : 1 }, "name" : "name_1" } { "_id" : ObjectId("4c4a...b799"), "ns" : "blog.users", "key" : { "age" : 1 }, "name" : "age_1" } > db.users.dropIndex({age:1}) { "nIndexesWas" : 3, "ok" : true } > db.users.dropIndexes() { "nIndexesWas" : 2, "msg" : "non-_id indexes dropped for collection", "ok" : true } > db.system.indexes.find() { "name" : "_id_", "ns" : "blog.users", "key" : { "_id" : 1 } } //reIndex 則是重建索引 > db.users.ensureIndex({name:1}) > db.users.ensureIndex({age:1}) > db.system.indexes.find() { "name" : "_id_", "ns" : "blog.users", "key" : { "_id" : 1 } } { "_id" : ObjectId("4c4a...b82a"), "ns" : "blog.users", "key" : { "name" : 1 }, "name" : "name_1" } { "_id" : ObjectId("4c4a...b82b"), "ns" : "blog.users", "key" : { "age" : 1 }, "name" : "age_1" } > db.users.reIndex() { "nIndexesWas" : 3, "msg" : "indexes dropped for collection", "ok" : 1, "nIndexes" : 3, "indexes" : [ { "name" : "_id_", "ns" : "blog.users", "key" : { "_id" : 1 } }, { "_id" : ObjectId("4c4a...b82a"), "ns" : "blog.users", "key" : { "name" : 1 }, "name" : "name_1" }, { "_id" : ObjectId("4c4a...b82b"), "ns" : "blog.users", "key" : { "age" : 1 }, "name" : "age_1" } ], "ok" : 1 } > db.users.dropIndexes() { "nIndexesWas" : 3, "msg" : "non-_id indexes dropped for collection", "ok" : true } //當系統已有大量數據時，創建索引就是個非常耗時的活，我們可以在后臺執行。 > db.users.ensureIndex({name:1}, {backgroud:true}) > db.users.reIndex({backgroud:true}) { "nIndexesWas" : 2, "msg" : "indexes dropped for collection", "ok" : 1, "nIndexes" : 2, "indexes" : [ { "name" : "_id_", "ns" : "blog.users", "key" : { "_id" : 1 } }, { "_id" : ObjectId("4c4a...b79c"), "ns" : "blog.users", "key" : { "name" : 1 }, "name" : "name_1", "backgroud" : true } ], "ok" : 1 } //MongoDB 提供了一個 explain 命令讓我們獲知系統如何處理查詢請求。 > db.users.ensureIndex({name:1}) > db.users.ensureIndex({age:1}) > db.users.find({age:{$gt:45}}, {name:1, age:1}) { "_id" : ObjectId("4c4a8edeeb257107735eb826"), "name" : "user26", "age" : 46 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4c4a8edeeb257107735eb827"), "name" : "user27", "age" : 47 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4c4a8edeeb257107735eb828"), "name" : "user28", "age" : 48 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4c4a8edeeb257107735eb829"), "name" : "user29", "age" : 49 } > db.users.find({age:{$gt:45}}, {name:1, age:1}).explain() { "cursor" : "BtreeCursor age_1", "nscanned" : 5, "nscannedObjects" : 4, "n" : 4, "millis" : 0, "indexBounds" : [ [ { "age" : 45 }, { "age" : 1.7976931348623157e+308 } ] ] } cursor: 返回游標類型(BasicCursor 或 BtreeCursor)。 nscanned: 被掃描的文檔數量。 n: 返回的文檔數量。 millis: 耗時(毫秒)。 indexBounds: 所使用的索引。 //我們可以創建深層索引，甚至直接用文檔(sub-document)作為索引鍵。 > db.users.ensureIndex({"contact.postcode":1}) > db.users.find({"contact.postcode":{$lt:100009}}, {name:1, "contact.postcode":1}) { "_id" : ObjectId("4c4a8edeeb257107735eb80c"), "name" : "user0", "contact" : { "postcode" : 100000 } } { "_id" : ObjectId("4c4a8edeeb257107735eb80d"), "name" : "user1", "contact" : { "postcode" : 100001 } } { "_id" : ObjectId("4c4a8edeeb257107735eb80e"), "name" : "user2", "contact" : { "postcode" : 100002 } } { "_id" : ObjectId("4c4a8edeeb257107735eb80f"), "name" : "user3", "contact" : { "postcode" : 100003 } } { "_id" : ObjectId("4c4a8edeeb257107735eb810"), "name" : "user4", "contact" : { "postcode" : 100004 } } { "_id" : ObjectId("4c4a8edeeb257107735eb811"), "name" : "user5", "contact" : { "postcode" : 100005 } } { "_id" : ObjectId("4c4a8edeeb257107735eb812"), "name" : "user6", "contact" : { "postcode" : 100006 } } { "_id" : ObjectId("4c4a8edeeb257107735eb813"), "name" : "user7", "contact" : { "postcode" : 100007 } } { "_id" : ObjectId("4c4a8edeeb257107735eb814"), "name" : "user8", "contact" : { "postcode" : 100008 } } > db.users.find({"contact.postcode":{$lt:100009}}, {name:1, "contact.postcode":1}).explain() { "cursor" : "BtreeCursor contact.postcode_1", "nscanned" : 10, "nscannedObjects" : 9, "n" : 9, "millis" : 0, "indexBounds" : [ [ { "contact.postcode" : -1.7976931348623157e+308 }, { "contact.postcode" : 100009 } ] ] } > db.users.dropIndex({"contact.postcode":1}) { "nIndexesWas" : 4, "ok" : 1 } > db.users.ensureIndex({contact:1}) > db.system.indexes.find() { "name" : "_id_", "ns" : "blog.users", "key" : { "_id" : 1 }, "v" : 0 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27eb604855eaada94c711f"), "ns" : "blog.users", "key" : { "name" : 1 }, "name" : "name_1", "backgroud" : true, "v" : 0 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27eb7c4855eaada94c7121"), "ns" : "blog.users", "key" : { "age" : 1 }, "name" : "age_1", "v" : 0 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27ebc64855eaada94c7123"), "ns" : "blog.users", "key" : { "contact" : 1 }, "name" : "contact_1", "v" : 0 } > db.users.find({contact:{postcode:{$lt:100009}}}).explain() { "cursor" : "BtreeCursor contact_1", "nscanned" : 0, "nscannedObjects" : 0, "n" : 0, "millis" : 0, "nYields" : 0, "nChunkSkips" : 0, "isMultiKey" : false, "indexOnly" : false, "indexBounds" : { "contact" : [ [ { "postcode" : { "$lt" : 100009 } }, { "postcode" : { "$lt" : 100009 } } ] ] } } > db.users.find({"contact.postcode":{$lt:100009}}).explain() { "cursor" : "BasicCursor", "nscanned" : 30, "nscannedObjects" : 30, "n" : 9, "millis" : 0, "nYields" : 0, "nChunkSkips" : 0, "isMultiKey" : false, "indexOnly" : false, "indexBounds" : { } } > db.users.find({contact:{address:"address2_23"}}).explain() { "cursor" : "BtreeCursor contact_1", "nscanned" : 0, "nscannedObjects" : 0, "n" : 0, "millis" : 0, "nYields" : 0, "nChunkSkips" : 0, "isMultiKey" : false, "indexOnly" : false, "indexBounds" : { "contact" : [ [ { "address" : "address2_23" }, { "address" : "address2_23" } ] ] } } > db.users.find({"contact.address":"address2_23"}).explain() { "cursor" : "BasicCursor", "nscanned" : 30, "nscannedObjects" : 30, "n" : 1, "millis" : 0, "nYields" : 0, "nChunkSkips" : 0, "isMultiKey" : false, "indexOnly" : false, "indexBounds" : { } } //創建復合索引也很簡單 > db.users.ensureIndex({name:1, age:-1}) > db.system.indexes.find() { "name" : "_id_", "ns" : "blog.users", "key" : { "_id" : 1 }, "v" : 0 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27eb604855eaada94c711f"), "ns" : "blog.users", "key" : { "name" : 1 }, "name" : "name_1", "backgroud" : true, "v" : 0 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27eb7c4855eaada94c7121"), "ns" : "blog.users", "key" : { "age" : 1 }, "name" : "age_1", "v" : 0 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27ebc64855eaada94c7123"), "ns" : "blog.users", "key" : { "contact" : 1 }, "name" : "contact_1", "v" : 0 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27ec0a4855eaada94c7124"), "ns" : "blog.users", "key" : { "name" : 1, "age" : -1 }, "name" : "name_1_age_-1", "v" : 0 } > db.users.find({age:{$lt:25}, name:"user2"}, {name:1, age:1}) { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27eac34855eaada94c70fe"), "name" : "user2", "age" : 22 } > db.users.find({age:{$lt:25}, name:"user2"}, {name:1, age:1}).explain() { "cursor" : "BtreeCursor name_1_age_-1", "nscanned" : 1, "nscannedObjects" : 1, "n" : 1, "millis" : 0, "nYields" : 0, "nChunkSkips" : 0, "isMultiKey" : false, "indexOnly" : false, "indexBounds" : { "name" : [ [ "user2", "user2" ] ], "age" : [ [ 25, -1.7976931348623157e+308 ] ] } } //復合索引同樣可用于局部屬性的搜索，但必須依照索引字段順序。比如創建索引字段順序 "a,b,c"，那么僅對 "a,b,c"、"a,b"、"a" 查詢有效，而對 "b,c" 之類的組合無效。 > db.users.dropIndex({name:1}) { "nIndexesWas" : 5, "ok" : 1 } > db.users.dropIndex({name:1}) { "errmsg" : "index not found", "ok" : 0 } > db.users.dropIndex({age:1}) { "nIndexesWas" : 4, "ok" : 1 } > db.users.dropIndex({contact:1}) { "nIndexesWas" : 3, "ok" : 1 } > db.system.indexes.find() { "name" : "_id_", "ns" : "blog.users", "key" : { "_id" : 1 }, "v" : 0 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27ec0a4855eaada94c7124"), "ns" : "blog.users", "key" : { "name" : 1, "age" : -1 }, "name" : "name_1_age_-1", "v" : 0 } > db.users.find({name:"user12"}).explain() { "cursor" : "BtreeCursor name_1_age_-1", "nscanned" : 1, "nscannedObjects" : 1, "n" : 1, "millis" : 0, "nYields" : 0, "nChunkSkips" : 0, "isMultiKey" : false, "indexOnly" : false, "indexBounds" : { "name" : [ [ "user12", "user12" ] ], "age" : [ [ { "$maxElement" : 1 }, { "$minElement" : 1 } ] ] } } > db.users.find({age:18}).explain() { "cursor" : "BasicCursor", "nscanned" : 30, "nscannedObjects" : 30, "n" : 0, "millis" : 0, "nYields" : 0, "nChunkSkips" : 0, "isMultiKey" : false, "indexOnly" : false, "indexBounds" : { } } //只需在 ensureIndex 命令中指定 unique 即可創建唯一索引。 > db.users.ensureIndex({name:1}, {unique:true}) > db.system.indexes.find() { "name" : "_id_", "ns" : "blog.users", "key" : { "_id" : 1 }, "v" : 0 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27ec0a4855eaada94c7124"), "ns" : "blog.users", "key" : { "name" : 1, "age" : -1 }, "name" : "name_1_age_-1", "v" : 0 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27ec794855eaada94c7125"), "ns" : "blog.users", "key" : { "name" : 1 }, "name" : "name_1", "unique" : true, "v" : 0 } > db.users.insert({name:"user1"}) E11000 duplicate key error index: blog.users.$name_1 dup key: { : "user1" } //如果創建唯一索引前已經有重復文檔，那么可以用 dropDups 刪除多余的數據。 > db.users.dropIndexes() { "nIndexesWas" : 3, "msg" : "non-_id indexes dropped for collection", "ok" : 1 } > db.users.insert({name:"user1"}) > db.users.find({name:"user1"}, {name:1}) { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27eac34855eaada94c70fd"), "name" : "user1" } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27ec9f4855eaada94c7127"), "name" : "user1" } > db.users.ensureIndex({name:1}, {unique:true, dropDups:true}) E11000 duplicate key error index: blog.users.$name_1 dup key: { : "user1" } > db.users.find({name:"user1"}, {name:1}) { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27eac34855eaada94c70fd"), "name" : "user1" } //對于數組類型屬性，會自動索引全部數組元素 > db.users.dropIndexes() { "nIndexesWas" : 2, "msg" : "non-_id indexes dropped for collection", "ok" : 1 } > db.users.ensureIndex({"contact.address":1}) > db.users.find({"contact.address":"address2_13"}).explain() { "cursor" : "BtreeCursor contact.address_1", "nscanned" : 1, "nscannedObjects" : 1, "n" : 1, "millis" : 0, "nYields" : 0, "nChunkSkips" : 0, "isMultiKey" : true, "indexOnly" : false, "indexBounds" : { "contact.address" : [ [ "address2_13", "address2_13" ] ] } } //hint 命令可以強制使用某個索引 > db.users.dropIndexes() { "nIndexesWas" : 2, "msg" : "non-_id indexes dropped for collection", "ok" : 1 } > db.users.ensureIndex({name:1, age:1}) > db.users.find({age:{$lt:30}}).explain() { "cursor" : "BasicCursor", "nscanned" : 30, "nscannedObjects" : 30, "n" : 10, "millis" : 0, "nYields" : 0, "nChunkSkips" : 0, "isMultiKey" : false, "indexOnly" : false, "indexBounds" : { } } > db.users.find({age:{$lt:30}}).hint({name:1, age:1}).explain() { "cursor" : "BtreeCursor name_1_age_1", "nscanned" : 30, "nscannedObjects" : 10, "n" : 10, "millis" : 0, "nYields" : 0, "nChunkSkips" : 0, "isMultiKey" : false, "indexOnly" : false, "indexBounds" : { "name" : [ [ { "$minElement" : 1 }, { "$maxElement" : 1 } ] ], "age" : [ [ -1.7976931348623157e+308, 30 ] ] } } //MongoDB 會將索引數據載入內存，以提高查詢速度。我們可以用 totalIndexSize 獲取全部索引數據大小 > db.users.totalIndexSize() 163849：優化
//MongoDB 自帶 Profiler，可以非常方便地記錄下所有耗時過長操作，以便于調優。 > db.setProfilingLevel(n) n: 0: Off; 1: Log Slow Operations; 2: Log All Operations. 通常我們只關心 Slow Operation，Level 1 默認記錄 >100ms 的操作，當然我們也可以自己調整 "db.setProfilingLevel(2, 300)"。 Profiler 信息保存在 system.profile (Capped Collection) 中。 > db.setProfilingLevel(1) { "was" : 1, "slowms" : 100, "ok" : 1 } > db.users.find().sort({age:-1}).limit(10000) { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27f34e256a7f5699394589"), "name" : "user2583248", "age" :2583268, "sex" : 0 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27f34e256a7f5699394588"), "name" : "user2583247", "age" :2583267, "sex" : 1 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27f34e256a7f5699394587"), "name" : "user2583246", "age" :2583266, "sex" : 0 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27f34e256a7f5699394586"), "name" : "user2583245", "age" :2583265, "sex" : 1 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27f34e256a7f5699394585"), "name" : "user2583244", "age" :2583264, "sex" : 0 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27f34e256a7f5699394584"), "name" : "user2583243", "age" :2583263, "sex" : 1 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27f34e256a7f5699394583"), "name" : "user2583242", "age" :2583262, "sex" : 0 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27f34e256a7f5699394582"), "name" : "user2583241", "age" :2583261, "sex" : 1 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27f34e256a7f5699394581"), "name" : "user2583240", "age" :2583260, "sex" : 0 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27f34e256a7f5699394580"), "name" : "user2583239", "age" :2583259, "sex" : 1 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27f34e256a7f569939457f"), "name" : "user2583238", "age" :2583258, "sex" : 0 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27f34e256a7f569939457e"), "name" : "user2583237", "age" :2583257, "sex" : 1 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27f34e256a7f569939457d"), "name" : "user2583236", "age" :2583256, "sex" : 0 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27f34e256a7f569939457c"), "name" : "user2583235", "age" :2583255, "sex" : 1 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27f34e256a7f569939457b"), "name" : "user2583234", "age" :2583254, "sex" : 0 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27f34e256a7f569939457a"), "name" : "user2583233", "age" :2583253, "sex" : 1 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27f34e256a7f5699394579"), "name" : "user2583232", "age" :2583252, "sex" : 0 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27f34e256a7f5699394578"), "name" : "user2583231", "age" :2583251, "sex" : 1 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27f34e256a7f5699394577"), "name" : "user2583230", "age" :2583250, "sex" : 0 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e27f34e256a7f5699394576"), "name" : "user2583229", "age" :2583249, "sex" : 1 } has more > db.system.profile.find() { "ts" : ISODate("2011-07-21T09:36:42.515Z"), "info" : "insert blog.users 140ms", "millis" : 140 } { "ts" : ISODate("2011-07-21T09:38:54.198Z"), "info" : "query blog.users ntoreturn:10000 scanAndOrder reslen:700036 nscanned:2593249 \nquery: { query: {}, orderby: { age: -1.0 } } nreturned:10000 11781ms", "millis" : 11781 } ------------- ts: 操作執行時間。 info: 操作詳細信息。 info.query: 查詢目標(數據庫.集合)。 info.ntoreturn: 客戶端期望返回的文檔數量。 info.nscanned: 服務器實際掃描的文檔數量。 info.reslen: 查詢結果字節長度。 info.nreturnned: 查詢返回文檔數。 millis: 操作耗時(毫秒)。 備注 如果 nscanned 遠大于 nreturned，那么需要使用索引。 如果 reslen 返回字節非常大，那么考慮只獲取所需的字段。 執行 update 操作時同樣檢查一下 nscanned，并使用索引減少文檔掃描數量。 使用 db.eval() 在服務端執行某些統計操作。 減少返回文檔數量，使用 skip & limit 分頁。 ----------- > db.users.find().sort({age:-1}).limit(10000).explain() { "cursor" : "BasicCursor", "nscanned" : 2593249, "nscannedObjects" : 2593249, "n" : 10000, "scanAndOrder" : true, "millis" : 11781, "nYields" : 0, "nChunkSkips" : 0, "isMultiKey" : false, "indexOnly" : false, "indexBounds" : { } } >10：Master-Slaver
單Master
配置 mongod --logpath E:\mongodb\shard\master\db\log.txt --port 10001 --dbpath E:\mongodb\shard\master\db --master mongod --logpath E:\mongodb\shard\slave\db\log.txt --port 10002 --dbpath E:\mongodb\shard\slave\db -slave --source 10.53.139.138:10001 --autoresync //autoresync 參數會在系統發生意外情況造成主從數據不同步時，自動啟動復制操作 (同步復制 10 分鐘內僅執行一次)。除此之外，還可以用 --slavedelay 設定更新頻率(秒)。 Master E:\mongodb\shard\master>mongo --port 10001 MongoDB shell version: 1.8.2 connecting to: 127.0.0.1:10001/test > db.isMaster() { "ismaster" : true, "maxBsonObjectSize" : 16777216, "ok" : 1 } > db.printReplicationInfo() configured oplog size: 47.6837158203125MB log length start to end: 74secs (0.02hrs) oplog first event time: Fri Jul 22 2011 14:30:32 GMT+0800 oplog last event time: Fri Jul 22 2011 14:31:46 GMT+0800 now: Fri Jul 22 2011 14:31:49 GMT+0800 > use blog switched to db blog > db.users.insert({name:"user", age:20, sex:1}) > db.users.find() { "_id" : ObjectId("4e291b52e742b344d4d84ead"), "name" : "user", "age" : 20, "sex" : 1 } Slaver E:\mongodb\shard\master>mongo --port 10002 MongoDB shell version: 1.8.2 connecting to: 127.0.0.1:10002/test > db.isMaster() { "ismaster" : false, "maxBsonObjectSize" : 16777216, "ok" : 1 } > db.printSlaveReplicationInfo() source: 10.53.139.138:10001 syncedTo: Fri Jul 22 2011 14:32:16 GMT+0800 = 16secs ago (0hrs) > use local switched to db local > db.sources.find() { "_id" : ObjectId("4e29192760dea574d7e171ae"), "host" : "10.53.139.138:10001", "source" : "main", "syncedTo" : { "t" : 1311316386000, "i" : 1 }, "localLogTs" : { "t" : 0, "i" : 0 } } > use blog switched to db blog > db.users.find() { "_id" : ObjectId("4e291b52e742b344d4d84ead"), "name" : "user", "age" : 20, "sex" : 1 } > db.users.insert({name:"user1", age:21, sex:0}) not master多Master
配置 mongod --logpath E:\mongodb\shard\master\db\log.txt --port 10001 --dbpath E:\mongodb\shard\master\db --master mongod --logpath E:\mongodb\shard\master1\db\log.txt --port 10002 --dbpath E:\mongodb\shard\master1\db --master mongod --logpath E:\mongodb\shard\slave\db\log.txt --port 10003 --dbpath E:\mongodb\shard\slave\db -slave 連接slaver添加主服務器 E:\mongodb\shard\slave>mongo --port 10003 MongoDB shell version: 1.8.2 connecting to: 127.0.0.1:10003/test > use local switched to db local > db.sources.insert({host:"10.53.139.138:10001"}) > db.sources.insert({host:"10.53.139.138:10002"}) > db.printSlaveReplicationInfo() source: 10.53.139.138:10001 doing initial sync source: 10.53.139.138:10002 doing initial sync master1添加數據 E:\mongodb\shard\slave>mongo --port 10001 MongoDB shell version: 1.8.2 connecting to: 127.0.0.1:10001/test > use db1 switched to db db1 > db.users.insert({name:"user1"}) > db.users.find() { "_id" : ObjectId("4e291eaa8abc2b0f77aade99"), "name" : "user1" } master2添加 E:\mongodb\shard\slave>mongo --port 10002 MongoDB shell version: 1.8.2 connecting to: 127.0.0.1:10002/test > use db2 switched to db db2 > db.users.insert({name:"user2"}) > db.users.find() { "_id" : ObjectId("4e291ee418179745d0094f33"), "name" : "user2" } 連接slaver E:\mongodb\shard\slave>mongo --port 10003 MongoDB shell version: 1.8.2 connecting to: 127.0.0.1:10003/test > use db1 switched to db db1 > db.users.find() { "_id" : ObjectId("4e291eaa8abc2b0f77aade99"), "name" : "user1" } > use db2 switched to db db2 > db.users.find() { "_id" : ObjectId("4e291ee418179745d0094f33"), "name" : "user2" }11：Shard
shard0:mongod --shardsvr --port 27020 --dbpath E:\mongodb\shard\shard1\db\ shard1:mongod --shardsvr --dbpath E:\mongodb\shard\shard2\db\ --port 27021 config:mongod --configsvr --dbpath E:\mongodb\shard\Config\db\ --port 27022 連接config下 mongos --configdb 10.53.139.138:27022 mongo --port 27017 use admin db.runCommand({addshard:"10.53.139.138:27020",name:"shard0"}) db.runCommand({addshard:"10.53.139.138:27021",name:"shard1"}) db.runCommand({listshards:1}) db.runCommand({enablesharding:"test"}) db.runCommand({shardcollection:"test.people",key:{id:1}}) use test show collections db.people.stats() for (var i = 1; i <= 200003; i++) db.people.save({id:i,value1:"1234567890",value2:"1234567890",value3:"1234567890",value4:"1234567890"})12：故障轉移（Replication）
配置set1 mongod --shardsvr --logpath E:\mongodb\shard\shard1\1\log.txt --dbpath E:\mongodb\shard\shard1\1\db --port 10001 --nohttpinterface --replSet set1 mongod --shardsvr --logpath E:\mongodb\shard\shard1\2\log.txt --dbpath E:\mongodb\shard\shard1\2\db --port 10002 --nohttpinterface --replSet set1 mongod --shardsvr --logpath E:\mongodb\shard\shard1\3\log.txt --dbpath E:\mongodb\shard\shard1\3\db --port 10003 --nohttpinterface --replSet set1 E:\mongodb\shard\shard1\1>mongo --port 10001 MongoDB shell version: 1.8.2 connecting to: 127.0.0.1:10001/test >cfg = { _id: "set1", members: [ ... { _id:0, host:"10.53.139.138:10001" }, ... { _id:1, host:"10.53.139.138:10002" }, ... { _id:2, host:"10.53.139.138:10003" } ... ]} > rs.initiate(cfg) { "info" : "Config now saved locally. Should come online in about a minute.", "ok" : 1 } > rs.conf() { "_id" : "set1", "version" : 1, "members" : [ { "_id" : 0, "host" : "localhost:27017" }, { "_id" : 1, "host" : "localhost:27018" }, { "_id" : 2, "host" : "localhost:27019" } ] } > rs.status() { "set" : "set1", "date" : "Sat Aug 21 2010 15:21:13 GMT+0800 (CST)", "myState" : 2, "members" : [ { "_id" : 0, "name" : "10.53.139.138:10001", "health" : 1, "state" : 2, "stateStr" : "PRIMARY", "uptime" : 363, "optime" : { "t" : 1311313830000, "i" : 1 }, "optimeDate" : ISODate("2011-07-22T05:50:30Z"), "lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2011-07-22T06:00:56Z") }, { "_id" : 1, "name" : "10.53.139.138:10002", "health" : 1, "state" : 2, "stateStr" : "SECONDARY", "optime" : { "t" : 1311313830000, "i" : 1 }, "optimeDate" : ISODate("2011-07-22T05:50:30Z"), "self" : true }, { "_id" : 2, "name" : "10.53.139.138:10003", "health" : 1, "state" : 1, "stateStr" : "SECONDARY", "uptime" : 802, "optime" : { "t" : 1311313830000, "i" : 1 }, "optimeDate" : ISODate("2011-07-22T05:50:30Z"), "lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2011-07-22T06:00:57Z") } ], "ok" : 1 } //暫停10001 set1:SECONDARY> rs.status() { "set" : "set1", "date" : ISODate("2011-07-22T06:01:11Z"), "myState" : 2, "members" : [ { "_id" : 0, "name" : "10.53.139.138:10001", "health" : 0, "state" : 1, "uptime" : 0, "lastHeartbeat" : "Sat Aug 21 2010 15:40:14 GMT+0800 (CST)", "errmsg" : "connect/transport error" }, { "_id" : 1, "name" : "10.53.139.138:10002", "health" : 1, "state" : 2, "stateStr" : "SECONDARY", "optime" : { "t" : 1311313830000, "i" : 1 }, "optimeDate" : ISODate("2011-07-22T05:50:30Z"), "self" : true }, { "_id" : 2, "name" : "10.53.139.138:10003", "health" : 1, "state" : 1, "stateStr" : "PRIMARY", "uptime" : 816, "optime" : { "t" : 1311313830000, "i" : 1 }, "optimeDate" : ISODate("2011-07-22T05:50:30Z"), "lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2011-07-22T06:01:11Z") } ], "ok" : 1 } //開啟10001 set1:SECONDARY> rs.status() { "set" : "set1", "date" : ISODate("2011-07-22T06:01:43Z"), "myState" : 2, "members" : [ { "_id" : 0, "name" : "10.53.139.138:10001", "health" : 1, "state" : 2, "stateStr" : "SECONDARY", "uptime" : 409, "optime" : { "t" : 1311313830000, "i" : 1 }, "optimeDate" : ISODate("2011-07-22T05:50:30Z"), "lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2011-07-22T06:01:42Z") }, { "_id" : 1, "name" : "10.53.139.138:10002", "health" : 1, "state" : 2, "stateStr" : "SECONDARY", "optime" : { "t" : 1311313830000, "i" : 1 }, "optimeDate" : ISODate("2011-07-22T05:50:30Z"), "self" : true }, { "_id" : 2, "name" : "10.53.139.138:10003", "health" : 1, "state" : 1, "stateStr" : "PRIMARY", "uptime" : 848, "optime" : { "t" : 1311313830000, "i" : 1 }, "optimeDate" : ISODate("2011-07-22T05:50:30Z"), "lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2011-07-22T06:01:43Z") } ], "ok" : 1 } set1:SECONDARY> exit bye //準備10004 E:\mongodb\shard\shard1\1>mongo --port 10001 MongoDB shell version: 1.8.2 connecting to: 127.0.0.1:10001/test set1:SECONDARY> rs.status() { "set" : "set1", "date" : ISODate("2011-07-22T06:02:26Z"), "myState" : 2, "members" : [ { "_id" : 0, "name" : "10.53.139.138:10001", "health" : 1, "state" : 2, "stateStr" : "SECONDARY", "optime" : { "t" : 1311313830000, "i" : 1 }, "optimeDate" : ISODate("2011-07-22T05:50:30Z"), "self" : true }, { "_id" : 1, "name" : "10.53.139.138:10002", "health" : 1, "state" : 2, "stateStr" : "SECONDARY", "uptime" : 454, "optime" : { "t" : 1311313830000, "i" : 1 }, "optimeDate" : ISODate("2011-07-22T05:50:30Z"), "lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2011-07-22T06:02:24Z") }, { "_id" : 2, "name" : "10.53.139.138:10003", "health" : 1, "state" : 1, "stateStr" : "PRIMARY", "uptime" : 454, "optime" : { "t" : 1311313830000, "i" : 1 }, "optimeDate" : ISODate("2011-07-22T05:50:30Z"), "lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2011-07-22T06:02:24Z") } ], "ok" : 1 } //非PRIMARY不能動態添加節點 set1:SECONDARY> rs.add("10.53.139.138:10004") { "errmsg" : "replSetReconfig command must be sent to the current replica set primary.", "ok" : 0 } set1:SECONDARY> exit bye E:\mongodb\shard\shard1\1>mongo --port 10003 MongoDB shell version: 1.8.2 connecting to: 127.0.0.1:10003/test set1:PRIMARY> rs.add("10.53.139.138:10004") Fri Jul 22 14:03:24 DBClientCursor::init call() failed Fri Jul 22 14:03:24 query failed : admin.$cmd { replSetReconfig: { _id: "set1",version: 2, members: [ { _id: 0, host: "10.53.139.138:10001" }, { _id: 1, host: "10.53.139.138:10002" }, { _id: 2, host: "10.53.139.138:10003" }, { _id: 3.0, host: "10.53.139.138:10004" } ] } } to: 127.0.0.1:10003 shell got exception during reconfig: Error: error doing query: failed in some circumstances, the primary steps down and closes connections on a reconf ig null Fri Jul 22 14:03:24 trying reconnect to 127.0.0.1:10003 Fri Jul 22 14:03:24 reconnect 127.0.0.1:10003 ok set1:PRIMARY> rs.status() { "set" : "set1", "date" : ISODate("2011-07-22T06:03:50Z"), "myState" : 1, "members" : [ { "_id" : 0, "name" : "10.53.139.138:10001", "health" : 1, "state" : 2, "stateStr" : "SECONDARY", "uptime" : 24, "optime" : { "t" : 1311314604000, "i" : 1 }, "optimeDate" : ISODate("2011-07-22T06:03:24Z"), "lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2011-07-22T06:03:48Z") }, { "_id" : 1, "name" : "10.53.139.138:10002", "health" : 1, "state" : 2, "stateStr" : "SECONDARY", "uptime" : 24, "optime" : { "t" : 1311314604000, "i" : 1 }, "optimeDate" : ISODate("2011-07-22T06:03:24Z"), "lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2011-07-22T06:03:48Z") }, { "_id" : 2, "name" : "10.53.139.138:10003", "health" : 1, "state" : 1, "stateStr" : "PRIMARY", "optime" : { "t" : 1311314604000, "i" : 1 }, "optimeDate" : ISODate("2011-07-22T06:03:24Z"), "self" : true }, { "_id" : 3, "name" : "10.53.139.138:10004", "health" : 1, "state" : 3, "stateStr" : "RECOVERING", //新增加的節點 正在恢復數據 完成后為 SECONDARY "uptime" : 20, "optime" : { "t" : 1311314604000, "i" : 1 }, "optimeDate" : ISODate("2011-07-22T06:03:24Z"), "lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2011-07-22T06:03:48Z"), "errmsg" : "initial sync done" } ], "ok" : 1 } set1:PRIMARY> exit bye //連接新加入的10004 E:\mongodb\shard\shard1\1>mongo --port 10004 MongoDB shell version: 1.8.2 connecting to: 127.0.0.1:10004/test set1:SECONDARY> db.users.find() error: { "$err" : "not master and slaveok=false", "code" : 13435 } set1:SECONDARY>13：集群方案
Set1 mongod --shardsvr --logpath E:\mongodb\shard\shard1\1\log.txt --dbpath E:\mongodb\shard\shard1\1\db --port 10001 --nohttpinterface --replSet set1 mongod --shardsvr --logpath E:\mongodb\shard\shard1\2\log.txt --dbpath E:\mongodb\shard\shard1\2\db --port 10002 --nohttpinterface --replSet set1 mongod --shardsvr --logpath E:\mongodb\shard\shard1\3\log.txt --dbpath E:\mongodb\shard\shard1\3\db --port 10003 --nohttpinterface --replSet set1 配置 E:\mongodb\shard\shard1\1>mongo --port 10001 MongoDB shell version: 1.8.2 connecting to: 127.0.0.1:10001/test > cfg = { _id:'set1', members:[ ... ... { _id:0, host:'10.53.139.138:10001' }, ... ... { _id:1, host:'10.53.139.138:10002' }, ... ... { _id:2, host:'10.53.139.138:10003' } ... ... ]}; { "_id" : "set1", "members" : [ { "_id" : 0, "host" : "10.53.139.138:10001" }, { "_id" : 1, "host" : "10.53.139.138:10002" }, { "_id" : 2, "host" : "10.53.139.138:10003" } ] } > rs.initiate(cfg) { "info" : "Config now saved locally. Should come online in about a minut e.", "ok" : 1 } > rs.status() { "set" : "set1", "date" : ISODate("2011-07-21T10:14:08Z"), "myState" : 1, "members" : [ { "_id" : 0, "name" : "10.53.139.138:10001", "health" : 1, "state" : 1, "stateStr" : "PRIMARY", "optime" : { "t" : 1311243232000, "i" : 1 }, "optimeDate" : ISODate("2011-07-21T10:13:52Z"), "self" : true }, { "_id" : 1, "name" : "10.53.139.138:10002", "health" : 0, "state" : 6, "stateStr" : "(not reachable/healthy)", "uptime" : 0, "optime" : { "t" : 0, "i" : 0 }, "optimeDate" : ISODate("1970-01-01T00:00:00Z"), "lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2011-07-21T10:14:07Z"), "errmsg" : "still initializing" }, { "_id" : 2, "name" : "10.53.139.138:10003", "health" : 1, "state" : 3, "stateStr" : "RECOVERING", "uptime" : 5, "optime" : { "t" : 0, "i" : 0 }, "optimeDate" : ISODate("1970-01-01T00:00:00Z"), "lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2011-07-21T10:14:07Z"), "errmsg" : "initial sync need a member to be primary or secondary to do our initial sync" } ], "ok" : 1 } set1:PRIMARY> exit bye set2 mongod --shardsvr --logpath E:\mongodb\shard\shard2\1\log.txt --dbpath E:\mongodb\shard\shard2\1\db --port 10011 --nohttpinterface --replSet set2 mongod --shardsvr --logpath E:\mongodb\shard\shard2\2\log.txt --dbpath E:\mongodb\shard\shard2\2\db --port 10012 --nohttpinterface --replSet set2 mongod --shardsvr --logpath E:\mongodb\shard\shard2\3\log.txt --dbpath E:\mongodb\shard\shard2\3\db --port 10013 --nohttpinterface --replSet set2 配置set2 E:\mongodb\shard\shard2\1>mongo --port 10011 MongoDB shell version: 1.8.2 connecting to: 127.0.0.1:10011/test > cfg = { _id:'set1', members:[ ... ... { _id:0, host:'10.53.139.138:10011' }, ... ... { _id:1, host:'10.53.139.138:10012' }, ... ... { _id:2, host:'10.53.139.138:10013' } ... ... ]}; { "_id" : "set1", "members" : [ { "_id" : 0, "host" : "10.53.139.138:10011" }, { "_id" : 1, "host" : "10.53.139.138:10012" }, { "_id" : 2, "host" : "10.53.139.138:10013" } ] } > cfg = { _id:'set2', members:[ ... ... { _id:0, host:'10.53.139.138:10011' }, ... ... { _id:1, host:'10.53.139.138:10012' }, ... ... { _id:2, host:'10.53.139.138:10013' } ... ... ]}; { "_id" : "set2", "members" : [ { "_id" : 0, "host" : "10.53.139.138:10011" }, { "_id" : 1, "host" : "10.53.139.138:10012" }, { "_id" : 2, "host" : "10.53.139.138:10013" } ] } > rs.initiate(cfg) { "info" : "Config now saved locally. Should come online in about a minut e.", "ok" : 1 } > rs.status() { "set" : "set2", "date" : ISODate("2011-07-21T10:19:33Z"), "myState" : 2, "members" : [ { "_id" : 0, "name" : "10.53.139.138:10011", "health" : 1, "state" : 2, "stateStr" : "SECONDARY", "optime" : { "t" : 1311243565000, "i" : 1 }, "optimeDate" : ISODate("2011-07-21T10:19:25Z"), "self" : true }, { "_id" : 1, "name" : "10.53.139.138:10012", "health" : 0, "state" : 6, "stateStr" : "(not reachable/healthy)", "uptime" : 0, "optime" : { "t" : 0, "i" : 0 }, "optimeDate" : ISODate("1970-01-01T00:00:00Z"), "lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2011-07-21T10:19:32Z"), "errmsg" : "still initializing" }, { "_id" : 2, "name" : "10.53.139.138:10013", "health" : 0, "state" : 6, "stateStr" : "(not reachable/healthy)", "uptime" : 0, "optime" : { "t" : 0, "i" : 0 }, "optimeDate" : ISODate("1970-01-01T00:00:00Z"), "lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2011-07-21T10:19:32Z"), "errmsg" : "still initializing" } ], "ok" : 1 } set2:SECONDARY> exit bye 配置configserver mongod --configsvr --logpath E:\mongodb\shard\Config\1\log.txt --dbpath E:\mongodb\shard\Config\1\db --port 20000 --nohttpinterface mongod --configsvr --logpath E:\mongodb\shard\Config\2\log.txt --dbpath E:\mongodb\shard\Config\2\db --port 20001 --nohttpinterface mongod --configsvr --logpath E:\mongodb\shard\Config\3\log.txt --dbpath E:\mongodb\shard\Config\3\db --port 20002 --nohttpinterface 啟動routserver mongos --logpath E:\mongodb\shard\rout\log.txt --configdb 10.53.139.138:20000,10.53.139.138:20001,10.53.139.138:20002 配置分片 E:\mongodb\shard\shard2\1>cd E:\mongodb\shard\rout E:\mongodb\shard\rout>mongo MongoDB shell version: 1.8.2 connecting to: test > use admin switched to db admin > db.runCommand({ addshard:'set1/10.53.139.138:10001,10.53.139.138:10002,10.53.1 39.138:10003' }) { "shardAdded" : "set1", "ok" : 1 } > db.runCommand({ addshard:'set2/10.53.139.138:10011,10.53.139.138:10012,10.53.1 39.138:10013' }) { "shardAdded" : "set2", "ok" : 1 } > db.runCommand({ shardcollection:'test.data', key:{_id:1} }) { "ok" : 0, "errmsg" : "sharding not enabled for db" } > db.runCommand({ shardcollection:'test.data', key:{_id:1} }) { "ok" : 0, "errmsg" : "sharding not enabled for db" } > db.runCommand({ listshards:1 }) { "shards" : [ { "_id" : "set1", "host" : "set1/10.53.139.138:10001,10.53.139.138:10002,1 0.53.139.138:10003" }, { "_id" : "set2", "host" : "set2/10.53.139.138:10011,10.53.139.138:10012,1 0.53.139.138:10013" } ], "ok" : 1 } > printShardingStatus() --- Sharding Status --- sharding version: { "_id" : 1, "version" : 3 } shards: { "_id" : "set1", "host" : "set1/10.53.139.138:10001,10.53.139.138:10002,10.53.139.138:100 03" } { "_id" : "set2", "host" : "set2/10.53.139.138:10011,10.53.139.138:10012,10.53.139.138:100 13" } databases: { "_id" : "admin", "partitioned" : false, "primary" : "config" } { "_id" : "test", "partitioned" : false, "primary" : "set1" } 簡單測試 > use test switched to db test > db.data.insert({name:1}) > db.data.insert({name:2}) > db.data.insert({name:3}) > db.data.find() { "_id" : ObjectId("4e28015cbb9f26c67deacec6"), "name" : 1 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e28015ebb9f26c67deacec7"), "name" : 2 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4e280160bb9f26c67deacec8"), "name" : 3 } 《新程序員》：云原生和全面數字化實踐50位技術專家共同創作，文字、視頻、音頻交互閱讀總結
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