form
form操作動態select數據
forms.py
from django import forms from django.forms import fields from django.forms import widgets from django.forms.models import ModelChoiceField from app01 import models class UserInfoForm(forms.Form):user = fields.CharField(required=True,widget=widgets.Textarea(attrs={'class':'c1'}))pwd = fields.CharField(max_length=12,widget=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={'class':'c1'}))
#方式一user_type = fields.ChoiceField(# choices=[(1,'普通用戶'),(2,'超級用戶')],
choices = [],widget = widgets.Select )
#方式二user_type2 = fields.CharField(widget=widgets.Select(choices=[]))
#方式三 models.py中需要加上def __str__(self):return self.name
user_type3 = ModelChoiceField(empty_label='請選擇用戶類型',to_field_name='name',#html的源碼里面value=name對應值queryset=models.UserType.objects.all())def __init__(self,*args,**kwargs):super(UserInfoForm, self).__init__(*args,**kwargs)self.fields['user_type'].choices = models.UserType.objects.values_list('id','name')#在執行構造函數的時候去數據庫取數據，value_list返回的是列表里面加元祖self.fields['user_type2'].widget.choices = models.UserType.objects.values_list('id','name')
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views.py
from django.shortcuts import render from app01.forms import UserInfoForm from app01 import models # Create your views here. def index(request):obj = UserInfoForm()# obj.fields['user_type'].choices = models.UserType.objects.values_list('id','name')#類里面的靜態字段，必須重新去數據庫取值賦值,或者在forms.py中構造函數中取值return render(request,'index.html',{'obj':obj})
index.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title>Title</title> </head> <body><p>{{ obj.user }}</p><p>{{ obj.pwd }}</p><p>{{ obj.user_type }}{{ obj.user_type2 }}</p> </body> </html>
?form內置鉤子
通過obj.is_valid()查看源碼
用戶注冊在提交的時候需要判斷用戶是否已經注冊,用clean_name
驗證過程：
正則+clean_字段->clean(__all__)->_post_clean
forms.py
class RegisterForm(forms.Form):user = fields.CharField()email = fields.EmailField()def clean_name(self):c = models.User.objects.filter(name=self.cleaned_data['user']).count()if c:return self.cleaned_data['user']else:raise ValidationError('用戶名已經存在',code='xxx')def clean(self):return self.cleaned_data#整體錯誤信息在__all__里
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序列化
QuerySet
第一種：
from django.core import serializers
v = models.tb.objects.all()
data = serializers.serialize('json',v)
第二種
import json from django.core.exceptions import ValidationErrorclass JsonCustomEncoder(json.JSONEncoder):def default(self, field):if isinstance(field,ValidationError):return{'code':field.code,'messages':field.messages}else:return json.JSONEncoder.default(self,field)v= models.tb.objects.values('id','name') v = list(v) v = json.dumps(v,cls=JsonCustomEncoder)
ajax提交 html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title>Title</title> </head> <body><form id="info">{% csrf_token %}<p><input type="text" name="username"/></p><p><input type="password"name="pwd"/></p><a id="submit">提交</a></form><script src="/static/jquery-1.12.4.js"></script><script>$(function () {$('#submit').click(function () {$.ajax({url:'/login/',type:'POST',data:$('#info').serialize(),#獲取form表單中的所有success:function (arg) {console.log(arg);arg = JSON.parse(arg);console.log(arg);},error:function () {}})})})</script> </body> </html>
views.py
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse from app01.forms import LoginForm import json from django.core.exceptions import ValidationErrorclass JsonCustomEncoder(json.JSONEncoder):def default(self, field):if isinstance(field,ValidationError):return{'code':field.code,'messages':field.messages}else:return json.JSONEncoder.default(self,field) def login(request):if request.method == 'GET':return render(request,'login.html')elif request.method == 'POST':ret = {'status':True,'error':None,'data':None}obj = LoginForm(request.POST)if obj.is_valid():print(obj.cleaned_data)else:# ret['error'] = obj.errors.as_json()#返回字符串ret['error'] = obj.errors.as_data()#返回字典 key-validationerrorresult = json.dumps(ret,cls=JsonCustomEncoder)# return HttpResponse(json.dumps(ret))return HttpResponse(result)
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ModelForm組件
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 | ModelForm ????a.??class?Meta: ????????????model,???????????????????????????# 對應Model的 ????????????fields=None,?????????????????????# 字段 ????????????exclude=None,????????????????????# 排除字段 ????????????labels=None,?????????????????????# 提示信息 ????????????help_texts=None,?????????????????# 幫助提示信息 ????????????widgets=None,????????????????????# 自定義插件 ????????????error_messages=None,?????????????# 自定義錯誤信息（整體錯誤信息from django.core.exceptions import NON_FIELD_ERRORS） ????????????field_classes=None???????????????# 自定義字段類 （也可以自定義字段） ????????????localized_fields=('birth_date',)?# 本地化，如：根據不同時區顯示數據 ????????????如： ????????????????數據庫中 ????????????????????2016-12-27?04:10:57 ????????????????setting中的配置 ????????????????????TIME_ZONE?=?'Asia/Shanghai' ????????????????????USE_TZ?=?True ????????????????則顯示： ????????????????????2016-12-27?12:10:57 ????b. 驗證執行過程 ????????is_valid?-> full_clean?-> 鉤子?-> 整體錯誤 ????c. 字典字段驗證 ????????def?clean_字段名(self): ????????????# 可以拋出異常 ????????????# from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError ????????????return?"新值" ????d. 用于驗證 ????????model_form_obj?=?XXOOModelForm() ????????model_form_obj.is_valid() ????????model_form_obj.errors.as_json() ????????model_form_obj.clean() ????????model_form_obj.cleaned_data ????e. 用于創建 ????????model_form_obj?=?XXOOModelForm(request.POST) ????????#### 頁面顯示，并提交 ##### ????????# 默認保存多對多 ????????????obj?=?form.save(commit=True) ????????# 不做任何操作，內部定義 save_m2m（用于保存多對多） ????????????obj?=?form.save(commit=False) ????????????obj.save()??????# 保存單表信息 ????????????obj.save_m2m()??# 保存關聯多對多信息 ????f. 用于更新和初始化 ????????obj?=?model.tb.objects.get(id=1) ????????model_form_obj?=?XXOOModelForm(request.POST,instance=obj) ????????... ????????PS: 單純初始化 ????????????model_form_obj?=?XXOOModelForm(initial={...}) |
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forms.py
from django import forms from django.forms import fields from django.forms import widgets as Fwidgets from app01 import modelsclass UserInfoModelForm(forms.ModelForm):#自定義
is_rmb = fields.CharField(widget=Fwidgets.CheckboxInput())class Meta:model = models.UserInfofields = '__all__'# fields = ['username','pwd']# exclude = ['username']labels={'username':'用戶名','email':'郵件'}widgets = {'username':Fwidgets.Textarea(attrs={'class':'c1'})}error_messages = {'email':{'required':'郵箱不能為空',}}
views.py
from django.shortcuts import render from app01 import forms from app01 import models # Create your views here. def index(request):if request.method == 'GET':obj = forms.UserInfoModelForm()return render(request,'index.html',{'obj':obj})elif request.method == 'POST':obj = forms.UserInfoModelForm(request.POST)if obj.is_valid():obj.save()return render(request, 'index.html', {'obj': obj})def user_list(request):obj = models.UserInfo.objects.all().select_related('type')return render(request,'user_list.html',{'obj':obj})def edit(request,nid):if request.method=='GET':obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=nid).first()mf = forms.UserInfoModelForm(instance=obj)return render(request,'user_edit.html',{'mf':mf,'id':nid})elif request.method == 'POST':obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=nid).first()mf = forms.UserInfoModelForm(request.POST,instance=obj)if mf.is_valid():mf.save()else:print(mf.errors.as_json())return render(request, 'user_edit.html', {'mf': mf, 'id': nid})
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轉載于:https://www.cnblogs.com/hongpeng0209/p/6713721.html
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