my-medium.cnf

by Andrea Zanin

由Andrea Zanin

您的手機(jī)如何打開medium.com-我將讓門衛(wèi)和圖書管理員解釋。 (How your phone opens medium.com — I’ll let a doorman and a librarian explain.)

Hey did you notice what just happened? You clicked a link, and now here you are reading this article. But did you think about how your browser knew that the link you clicked referred to this article, and that this article contained these words?

嘿，您注意到發(fā)生了什么嗎？ 您單擊了一個(gè)鏈接，現(xiàn)在您正在這里閱讀本文。 但是您是否考慮過瀏覽器如何知道您單擊的鏈接引用了本文，并且本文包含了這些詞？

It’s something so common that we forget about it, but the mechanism behind it is fascinating. In this article we will explore it using real world analogies.

這是很常見的事情，我們忘記了，但是它背后的機(jī)制令人著迷。 在本文中，我們將使用現(xiàn)實(shí)世界的類比進(jìn)行探索。

電腦如何對話 (How computers talk)

When you open a website, your browser is asking some other computer somewhere in the world for the data that will allow it to show you the page (for example, the text you are reading now).

當(dāng)您打開網(wǎng)站時(shí)，瀏覽器正在向世界其他地方的其他計(jì)算機(jī)詢問數(shù)據(jù)，以使其能夠顯示頁面(例如，您正在閱讀的文本)。

This act of asking another computer is not unlike sending a piece of mail (physical mail, not an email) to a friend and waiting for his reply.

詢問另一臺計(jì)算機(jī)的行為與向朋友發(fā)送一封郵件(物理郵件，而不是電子郵件)并等待其答復(fù)無異。

If John wants to send Brittany some mail, he needs to know her address. In the internet world, instead of having physical addresses we have IP addresses. They work the same way, just with a computer instead of a mailbox.

如果約翰想發(fā)送一些郵件給布列塔尼，他需要知道她的地址。 在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)世界中，我們沒有IP地址，而是擁有物理地址。 它們的工作方式相同，只是使用計(jì)算機(jī)而不是郵箱。

告訴我有關(guān)此IP的更多信息 (Tell me more about this IP thing)

Before we dive in the details about IP addresses, I want you to imagine that you are staying in a luxurious hotel with hundreds of rooms and a fancy doorman (not bad right?).

在我們深入介紹IP地址的細(xì)節(jié)之前，我想讓您想象一下，您住在一家豪華酒店，里面有數(shù)百個(gè)房間和一個(gè)看門的門衛(wèi)(還不錯(cuò)吧？)。

Now back to IP addresses: your standard IP address looks like this: 102.134.122.234. The first 9 digits are the address of the virtual hotel you are staying in, while the last 3 are your room. While the address of the virtual hotel is fixed, the room you are staying in is chosen by the hotel.

現(xiàn)在回到IP地址：您的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)IP地址如下所示：102.134.122.234。 前9位數(shù)字是您所住虛擬酒店的地址，后3位數(shù)字是您的房間。 虛擬酒店的地址固定后，酒店將選擇您要入住的房間。

If anyone wants to send you a message, they need to know the address of the hotel and your room number. So they send the message to the hotel and the doorman delivers it directly to you.

如果有人想向您發(fā)送消息，他們需要知道酒店的地址和您的房間號。 因此，他們將消息發(fā)送給酒店，然后門衛(wèi)將消息直接傳遞給您。

The virtual hotel is like your home WiFi network. Its address is decided by your internet provider, while your room number is decided by your home router.

虛擬酒店就像您的家庭WiFi網(wǎng)絡(luò)。 它的地址由您的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)提供商決定，而房間號由家庭路由器決定。

數(shù)字很??復(fù)雜 (Numbers are complicated)

You may have noticed that if you want to open medium.com you don’t need to know its IP address. This is where the internet becomes smarter than the postal service.

您可能已經(jīng)注意到，如果要打開medium.com，則無需知道其IP地址。 這是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)變得比郵政服務(wù)更智能的地方。

On top of IP addresses, there is a system to match easy to remember names to IPs: the Domain Name System.

在IP地址的頂部，有一個(gè)將易于記憶的名稱與IP進(jìn)行匹配的系統(tǒng)：域名系統(tǒng)。

Finally, here is what happens when your phone wants to open medium.com

最后，這是您的手機(jī)要打開medium.com時(shí)發(fā)生的情況

• The phone sends the request to the doorman (router) and asks it to send it to medium.com
  電話將請求發(fā)送到門衛(wèi)(路由器)，并要求將其發(fā)送到medium.com
• the router asks a trusted agency (your internet provider) for the IP of medium.com
  路由器向可信代理商(您的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)提供商)詢問medium.com的IP
• this trusted agency then refers to a worldwide organization (the Root Server) that recognizes the Top Level Domain (.com, .us, .org, …)
  然后，該受信任的代理機(jī)構(gòu)指的是認(rèn)可頂級域(.com，.us，.org等)的全球組織(根服務(wù)器)。
• the Root Server then asks the digital librarian responsible for that TLD
  然后，根服務(wù)器詢問負(fù)責(zé)該TLD的數(shù)字圖書館員
• finally the librarian opens his master record, looks for the website we requested, and responds with the IP
  最后，圖書館管理員打開他的主記錄，查找我們請求的網(wǎng)站，并以IP進(jìn)行回復(fù)

Finally your phone can send the request directly to Medium’s address (IP). All of this in less than a tenth of a second.

最終，您的手機(jī)可以將請求直接發(fā)送到Medium的地址(IP)。 所有這些都在不到十分之一秒的時(shí)間內(nèi)。

我們會用完地址嗎？ (Will we run out of addresses?)

Yes we will run out of IP addresses — and soon. But don’t panic, a solution is already being implemented.

是的，我們很快就會用完IP地址。 但是請不要驚慌，已經(jīng)在實(shí)施一種解決方案。

First we have to take a step back: up until now I talked about IP addresses, but I should have said IP version 4. The solution is IP version 6, and it looks even uglier: 2001:0db8:0000:0042:0000:8a2e:0370:7334

首先，我們必須退后一步：到目前為止，我談到的是IP地址，但我應(yīng)該說的是IP版本4。解決方案是IP版本6，它看起來更難看：2001：0db8：0000：0042：0000： 8a2e：0370：7334

This alphanumeric monstrosity leads to an astronomical amount of possible IPs, so issue solved ??.

這種字母數(shù)字的怪異性導(dǎo)致可能的IP數(shù)量達(dá)到天文數(shù)字，因此問題得以解決。

離開之前 (Before you leave)

In this article we analyzed how your phone understands what medium.com is, but what about the HTTPS part of the link? I wrote another article about it: https explained with carrier pigeons.

在本文中，我們分析了您的手機(jī)如何理解media.com，但是該鏈接的HTTPS部分又如何呢？ 我寫了另一篇文章： https用信鴿解釋 。

If you liked the article don’t forget that you can ? up to 50 times.

如果您喜歡這篇文章，別忘了可以嗎？ 最多50次

翻譯自: https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/how-can-your-phone-open-medium-com-62ec36b1429f/

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