如何在JavaServer Pages中使用Salesforce REST API
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如何在JavaServer Pages中使用Salesforce REST API
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摘要：本教程提供了一個JSP示例以及如何將其與Salesforce REST API集成。 我們將逐步完成創建外部客戶端以使用Force.com （同時使用HTTP（S）和JSON）管理您的數據的分步過程。
在此示例中，我將Mac OS X 10.9.2與Apache Tomcat 7服務器和Java 1.7一起使用。 Eclipse Java EE版是用于開發和測試的IDE。 本教程中給出的說明也應適用于其他平臺的較小修改。
如果要訪問本教程中的整個示例代碼，則可以在以下位置訪問它： github.com/seethaa/force_rest_example
所有代碼已更新為可與httpclient 4.3庫一起使用。
什么是REST？
REST代表再表象小號泰特貿易交接，并且是無狀態的客戶端-服務器通信協議通過HTTP。
為什么以及何時在Java中為JSP使用REST API
REST API非常適合需要大量交互并使用同步通信來傳輸數據的瀏覽器應用程序。 Salesforce REST API為簡單的Web服務提供了與Force.com進行交互的編程接口，并支持XML和JSON格式。 Salesforce REST API非常適合移動應用程序或動態網站，以在Web服務器上快速檢索或更新記錄。 雖然應為BulkAPI保留批量記錄檢索，但此輕量級的REST API可以用于常見服務器頁面，這些頁面涉及快速更新和頻繁的用戶交互，例如更新單個用戶記錄。
設置您的開發帳戶和前提條件
您將需要以下內容：
創建一個連接的應用程序
- 確保回調URL為http：// localhost：8080 / <your_app_context_path> / oauth / _callback
（您可以通過返回Eclipse找到應用程序上下文路徑：右鍵單擊Project→Properties→Web Project Settings→Context root）
- 選中“啟用OAuth設置”復選框
- 本教程所需的OAuth范圍（請參見圖1）是“訪問和管理數據（api）”和“通過Web提供對數據的訪問”（web），但是應根據您的要求更改這些范圍。
- 救
圖1：創建新的連接的應用程序
圖2：具有用戶密鑰和機密的連接的應用程序示例
認證方式
需要將三個文件導入到您的JSP項目中，如下所示：
index.html
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html? charset=UTF-8"> <title>REST/OAuth Example</title> </head> <body><script type="text/javascript" language="javascript">if (location.protocol != "https:") {document.write("OAuth will not work correctly from plain http. "+ "Please use an https URL.")?} else {document.write("<a href=\"oauth\">Run Connected App demo via REST/OAuth.</a>")?}</script> </body> </html>OAuthConnectedApp.java
import java.io.IOException? import java.io.InputStream? import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException? import java.net.URLEncoder? import java.util.ArrayList? import java.util.List?import javax.servlet.ServletException? import javax.servlet.annotation.WebInitParam? import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet? import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet? import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest? import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse?import org.apache.http.Consts? import org.apache.http.HttpEntity? import org.apache.http.NameValuePair? import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity? import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse? import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost? import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient? import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients? import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair?import org.json.JSONException? import org.json.JSONObject? import org.json.JSONTokener?@WebServlet(name = "oauth", urlPatterns = { "/oauth/*", "/oauth" }, initParams = { // clientId is 'Consumer Key' in the Remote Access UI //**Update with your own Client ID @WebInitParam(name = "clientId", value = "3MVG9JZ_r.QzrS7jzujCYrebr8kajDEcjXQLXnV9nGU6PaxOjuOi_n8EcUf0Ix9qqk1lYCa4_Jaq7mpqxi2YT"), // clientSecret is 'Consumer Secret' in the Remote Access UI //**Update with your own Client Secret @WebInitParam(name = "clientSecret", value = "2307033558641049067"), // This must be identical to 'Callback URL' in the Remote Access UI //**Update with your own URI @WebInitParam(name = "redirectUri", value = "http://localhost:8080/force_rest_example/oauth/_callback"), @WebInitParam(name = "environment", value = "https://login.salesforce.com"), })/** * Servlet parameters * @author seetha * */ public class OAuthConnectedApp extends HttpServlet {private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L?private static final String ACCESS_TOKEN = "ACCESS_TOKEN"?private static final String INSTANCE_URL = "INSTANCE_URL"?private String clientId = null?private String clientSecret = null?private String redirectUri = null?private String environment = null?private String authUrl = null?private String tokenUrl = null?public void init() throws ServletException {clientId = this.getInitParameter("clientId")?clientSecret = this.getInitParameter("clientSecret")?redirectUri = this.getInitParameter("redirectUri");environment = this.getInitParameter("environment")?try {authUrl = environment+ "/services/oauth2/authorize?response_type=code&client_id="+ clientId + "&redirect_uri="+ URLEncoder.encode(redirectUri, "UTF-8")?}catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {throw new ServletException(e)?}tokenUrl = environment + "/services/oauth2/token"?}protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {String accessToken = (String) request.getSession().getAttribute(ACCESS_TOKEN)?//System.out.println("calling doget")?if (accessToken == null) {String instanceUrl = null?if (request.getRequestURI().endsWith("oauth")) {// we need to send the user to authorizeresponse.sendRedirect(authUrl)?return?}else {System.out.println("Auth successful - got callback")?String code = request.getParameter("code")?// Create an instance of HttpClient.CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault()?try{// Create an instance of HttpPost.HttpPost httpost = new HttpPost(tokenUrl)?// Adding all form parameters in a List of type NameValuePairList<NameValuePair> nvps = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>()?nvps.add(new BasicNameValuePair("code", code))?nvps.add(new BasicNameValuePair("grant_type","authorization_code"))?nvps.add(new BasicNameValuePair("client_id", clientId))?nvps.add(new BasicNameValuePair("client_secret", clientSecret))?nvps.add(new BasicNameValuePair("redirect_uri", redirectUri))?httpost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(nvps, Consts.UTF_8))?// Execute the request.CloseableHttpResponse closeableresponse=httpclient.execute(httpost)?System.out.println("Response Statusline:"+closeableresponse.getStatusLine())?try {// Do the needful with entity.HttpEntity entity = closeableresponse.getEntity()?InputStream rstream = entity.getContent()?JSONObject authResponse = new JSONObject(new JSONTokener(rstream))?accessToken = authResponse.getString("access_token")?instanceUrl = authResponse.getString("instance_url")?} catch (JSONException e) {// TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace()?e.printStackTrace()?} finally {// Closing the responsecloseableresponse.close()?}} finally {httpclient.close()?}}// Set a session attribute so that other servlets can get the access tokenrequest.getSession().setAttribute(ACCESS_TOKEN, accessToken)?// We also get the instance URL from the OAuth response, so set it in the session toorequest.getSession().setAttribute(INSTANCE_URL, instanceUrl)?}response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath() + "/ConnectedAppREST")?}}ConnectedAppREST.java
import java.io.IOException? import java.io.InputStream? import java.io.PrintWriter? import java.net.URISyntaxException? import java.util.Iterator?import javax.servlet.ServletException? import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet? import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet? import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest? import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse?import org.apache.http.HttpEntity? import org.apache.http.HttpStatus? import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse? import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpDelete? import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet? import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost? import org.apache.http.client.utils.URIBuilder? import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType? import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity? import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient? import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients?import org.json.JSONArray? import org.json.JSONException? import org.json.JSONObject? import org.json.JSONTokener?@WebServlet(urlPatterns = { "/ConnectedAppREST" }) /** * Demo for Connect App/REST API * @author seetha * */ public class ConnectedAppREST extends HttpServlet {private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L?private static final String ACCESS_TOKEN = "ACCESS_TOKEN"?private static final String INSTANCE_URL = "INSTANCE_URL"?private void showAccounts(String instanceUrl, String accessToken,PrintWriter writer) throws ServletException, IOException {CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault()?HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet()?//add key and valuehttpGet.addHeader("Authorization", "OAuth " + accessToken)?try {URIBuilder builder = new URIBuilder(instanceUrl+ "/services/data/v30.0/query")?builder.setParameter("q", "SELECT Name, Id from Account LIMIT 100")?httpGet.setURI(builder.build())?CloseableHttpResponse closeableresponse = httpclient.execute(httpGet)?System.out.println("Response Status line :" + closeableresponse.getStatusLine())?if (closeableresponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {// Now lets use the standard java json classes to work with the resultstry {// Do the needful with entity.HttpEntity entity = closeableresponse.getEntity()?InputStream rstream = entity.getContent()?JSONObject authResponse = new JSONObject(new JSONTokener(rstream))?System.out.println("Query response: " + authResponse.toString(2))?writer.write(authResponse.getInt("totalSize") + " record(s) returned\n\n")?JSONArray results = authResponse.getJSONArray("records")?for (int i = 0? i < results.length()? i++) {writer.write(results.getJSONObject(i).getString("Id")+ ", "+ results.getJSONObject(i).getString("Name")+ "\n")?}writer.write("\n")?}catch (JSONException e) {e.printStackTrace()?throw new ServletException(e)?}}} catch (URISyntaxException e1) {// TODO Auto-generated catch blocke1.printStackTrace()?} finally {httpclient.close()?}}private String createAccount(String name, String instanceUrl,String accessToken, PrintWriter writer) throws ServletException, IOException {String accountId = null?CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault()?JSONObject account = new JSONObject()?try {account.put("Name", name)?}catch (JSONException e) {e.printStackTrace()?throw new ServletException(e)?}HttpPost httpost = new HttpPost(instanceUrl+ "/services/data/v30.0/sobjects/Account/")?httpost.addHeader("Authorization", "OAuth " + accessToken)?StringEntity messageEntity = new StringEntity( account.toString(), ContentType.create("application/json"))?httpost.setEntity(messageEntity)?// Execute the request.CloseableHttpResponse closeableresponse = httpclient.execute(httpost)?System.out.println("Response Status line :" + closeableresponse.getStatusLine())?try {writer.write("HTTP status " + closeableresponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() + " creating account\n\n")?if (closeableresponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_CREATED) {try {// Do the needful with entity.HttpEntity entity = closeableresponse.getEntity()?InputStream rstream = entity.getContent()?JSONObject authResponse = new JSONObject(new JSONTokener(rstream))?System.out.println("Create response: " + authResponse.toString(2))?if (authResponse.getBoolean("success")) {accountId = authResponse.getString("id")?writer.write("New record id " + accountId + "\n\n")?}} catch (JSONException e) {e.printStackTrace()?// throw new ServletException(e)?}}}finally {httpclient.close()?}return accountId?}private void showAccount(String accountId, String instanceUrl,String accessToken, PrintWriter writer) throws ServletException, IOException {CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault()?HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet()?//add key and valuehttpGet.addHeader("Authorization", "OAuth " + accessToken)?try {URIBuilder builder = new URIBuilder(instanceUrl + "/services/data/v30.0/sobjects/Account/" + accountId)?httpGet.setURI(builder.build())?//httpclient.execute(httpGet)?CloseableHttpResponse closeableresponse = httpclient.execute(httpGet)?System.out.println("Response Status line :" + closeableresponse.getStatusLine())?if (closeableresponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {try {// Do the needful with entity.HttpEntity entity = closeableresponse.getEntity()?InputStream rstream = entity.getContent()?JSONObject authResponse = new JSONObject(new JSONTokener(rstream))?System.out.println("Query response: " + authResponse.toString(2))?writer.write("Account content\n\n")?Iterator iterator = authResponse.keys()?while (iterator.hasNext()) {String key = (String) iterator.next()?Object obj = authResponse.get(key)?String value = null?if (obj instanceof String) {value = (String) obj?}writer.write(key + ":" + (value != null ? value : "") + "\n")?}writer.write("\n")?} catch (JSONException e) {e.printStackTrace()?throw new ServletException(e)?}}}catch (URISyntaxException e1) {// TODO Auto-generated catch blocke1.printStackTrace()?} finally {httpclient.close()?}}private void updateAccount(String accountId, String newName, String city, String instanceUrl, String accessToken, PrintWriter writer) throws ServletException, IOException {CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault()?JSONObject update = new JSONObject()?try {update.put("Name", newName)?update.put("BillingCity", city)?}catch (JSONException e) {e.printStackTrace()?throw new ServletException(e)?}HttpPost httpost = new HttpPost(instanceUrl + "/services/data/v30.0/sobjects/Account/" +accountId+"?_HttpMethod=PATCH")?httpost.addHeader("Authorization", "OAuth " + accessToken)?StringEntity messageEntity = new StringEntity( update.toString(), ContentType.create("application/json"))?httpost.setEntity(messageEntity)?// Execute the request.CloseableHttpResponse closeableresponse = httpclient.execute(httpost)? System.out.println("Response Status line :" + closeableresponse.getStatusLine())?try {writer.write("HTTP status " + closeableresponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() + " updating account " + accountId + "\n\n")?} finally {httpclient.close()?}}private void deleteAccount(String accountId, String instanceUrl, String accessToken, PrintWriter writer) throws IOException {CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault()?HttpDelete delete = new HttpDelete(instanceUrl + "/services/data/v30.0/sobjects/Account/" + accountId)?delete.setHeader("Authorization", "OAuth " + accessToken)?// Execute the request.CloseableHttpResponse closeableresponse = httpclient.execute(delete)?System.out.println("Response Status line :" + closeableresponse.getStatusLine())?try {writer.write("HTTP status " + closeableresponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() + " deleting account " + accountId + "\n\n")?} finally {delete.releaseConnection()?}}/*** @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse* response)*/@Overrideprotected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {PrintWriter writer = response.getWriter()?String accessToken = (String) request.getSession().getAttribute( ACCESS_TOKEN)?String instanceUrl = (String) request.getSession().getAttribute( INSTANCE_URL)?if (accessToken == null) {writer.write("Error - no access token")?return?}writer.write("We have an access token: " + accessToken + "\n" + "Using instance " + instanceUrl + "\n\n")?showAccounts(instanceUrl, accessToken, writer)?String accountId = createAccount("My New Org", instanceUrl, accessToken, writer)?if (accountId == null) {System.out.println("Account ID null")?}showAccount(accountId, instanceUrl, accessToken, writer)?showAccounts(instanceUrl, accessToken, writer)?updateAccount(accountId, "My New Org, Inc", "San Francisco", instanceUrl, accessToken, writer)?showAccount(accountId, instanceUrl, accessToken, writer)?deleteAccount(accountId, instanceUrl, accessToken, writer)?showAccounts(instanceUrl, accessToken, writer)?}}圖3：在Eclipse中運行Tomcat服務器
圖4：檢索對象屏幕
如果所有配置都正確完成，您應該會看到一個salesforce.com登錄屏幕（請參見圖5）。 繼續并使用salesforce.com憑據登錄以授權Web應用程序訪問資源。
圖5：OAuth的Salesforce.com登錄屏幕
圖6：Connected App REST演示的輸出
*提示和警告
資源資源
有關全面的設置或資源，請訪問： http : //developer.salesforce.com/en/mobile/resources
參考文獻
翻譯自: https://www.javacodegeeks.com/2014/06/how-to-use-salesforce-rest-api-with-your-javaserver-pages.html
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