webservice的應用已經越來越廣泛了,下面介紹幾種在Java體系中開發webservice的方式,相當于做個記錄。
1.Axis2
Axis是apache下一個開源的webservice開發組件,出現的算是比較早了,也比較成熟。這里主要介紹Axis+eclipse開發webservice,當然不用eclipse也可以開發和發布webservice,只是用eclipse會比較方便。
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(1)下載eclipse的Java EE版本
http://www.eclipse.org/downloads/
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(2)下載axis2
http://axis.apache.org/axis2/java/core/download.cgi
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(3)下載eclipse的axis2插件
Axis2_Codegen_Wizard
Axis2_Service_Archiver
http://axis.apache.org/axis2/java/core/tools/index.html
推薦使用1.3的版本
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(4)eclipse安裝axis2插件
1)在任意目錄下新建一個Axis2文件夾,在該文件夾下新建eclipse目錄,在eclipse目錄中新建plugins目錄和 features目錄,例如:D:\programSoftware\eclipse-SVN\Axis2\eclipse;
2)把下載的axis2插件解壓,并把解壓的文件放到新建的eclipse的plugins目錄下;
3)在%eclipse_home%的目錄下新建links目錄,并在links目錄下新建axis2.link文件,內容為: path=D:\programSoftware\eclipse-SVN\Axis2;
4)重啟eclipse,點擊·file-new-other,如果看到Axis2 Wizards,則表明插件安裝成功。
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(5)安裝axis2
下載Axis2的WAR Distribution并解壓,把axis2.war包放置到%TOMCAT_HOME%/webapps下,啟動tomcat,訪問http://localhost:port/axis2,Axis2安裝成功。
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(6)使用eclipse新建web工程,創建一個普通java類,至少包含一個方法。
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(7)發布webservice
1)點擊eclipse的File-New-other,打開Axis2 Wizards,選擇Axis2 Service Archiver,然后Next;
2)選擇Class File Location,也就是類文件存放路徑,注意:只選到classes目錄,不要包括包文件夾,然后 Next;
3)選擇Skip WSDL,然后Next
4)一路Next到Select the Service XML file to be included in the Service archive,勾選Generate the service xml automatically;
5)Service Name-填寫你的service名稱,Class Name-填寫類名稱,要包括包名,然后點擊load,然后點擊 Finish,這時webservice就發布成功了;
6)然后到%TOMCAT_HOME%/webapps/axis2/WEB-INF/services 看看是否多了一個.aar的文件;
7)訪問http://localhost:8085/axis2/services/類名?wsdl 就可看到生成的wsdl文件了。
注意:以上的方式是發布到axis2.war包中,你也可以把生成.aar文件copy到你的實際應用中,同時,你也可以使用eclipse的create webservice功能發布你的webservice,選擇axis2生成你的webservice,這樣webservice就會部署到你的應用中了。
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2.Apche CXF
CXF開發webservice也是比較方便和簡單的,它和spring的集成可以說是非常地好。舉一個CXF開發webservice的例子吧。
1)在eclipse中新建一個web工程,導入依賴包,如圖:
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2)編寫一個接口,如:
public String test(@WebParam(name="value", targetNamespace = "http://service.cxf.zcl.com/", mode = WebParam.Mode.IN)String value);
注意:CXF開發的webservice,接口中的方法的參數一定要以這種方式,否則客戶端調用的時候CXF服務端會接收不到參數的值,name:參數名稱,可不寫(建議寫上),targetNamespace:命名空間,一定要填寫上,默認是包名反過來的順序,mode:參數類型,IN表示輸入。
3)編寫一個實現類,實現接口的方法;
4)和spring的集成,編寫一個bean文件,如:cxf-beans.xml,內容如下:
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Cxf-beans.xml代碼??
<?xml?version= "1.0" ?encoding= "UTF-8" ??> ?? <beans?xmlns= "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" ?? ????xmlns:xsi= "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" ?? ????xmlns:jaxws= "http://cxf.apache.org/jaxws" ?? ????xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans?http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd ?? ????????????????????????http://cxf.apache.org/jaxws?http://cxf.apache.org/schemas/jaxws.xsd"> ?? ?? ????<import?resource= "classpath:META-INF/cxf/cxf.xml" ?/> ?? ????<import?resource= "classpath:META-INF/cxf/cxf-extension-soap.xml" ?/> ?? ????<import?resource= "classpath:META-INF/cxf/cxf-servlet.xml" ?/> ?? ???? ?? ????<jaxws:endpoint?id= "vote" ?implementor= "com.zcl.cxf.service.VoteImpl" ?address= "/Vote" ?/> ?? </beans>??
?這個文件比較容易理解,就不解釋了。
5)配置CXFServlet
在web.xml文件中配置CXFServlet,加載cxf-beans.xml文件,內容如下:
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Web.xml代碼??
<web-app?xmlns:xsi= "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" ?? ????xmlns= "http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" ?xmlns:web= "http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" ?? ????xsi:schemaLocation= "http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee?http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" ?? ????id= "WebApp_ID" ?version= "2.5" > ?? ?? ????<context-param> ?? ????????<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> ?? ????????<param-value>WEB-INF/cxf-beans.xml</param-value> ?? ????</context-param> ?? ???? ?? ????<listener> ?? ????????<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> ?? ????</listener> ?? ???? ?? ????<servlet> ?? ????????<servlet-name>cxf</servlet-name> ?? ????????<servlet-class>org.apache.cxf.transport.servlet.CXFServlet</servlet-class> ?? ????????<load-on-startup> 1 </load-on-startup> ?? ????</servlet> ?? ????<servlet-mapping> ?? ????????<servlet-name>cxf</servlet-name> ?? ????????<url-pattern>/services/*</url-pattern> ?? ????</servlet-mapping> ?? </web-app>??
?把工程部署到中間件,如tomcat,就可以訪問該webservice了。
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3.JDK開發webservice
1)編寫一個Java類,如下:
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Jdkwebservice.java代碼??
package?demo; ?? ?? import?javax.jws.WebParam; ?? import?javax.jws.WebService; ?? import?javax.xml.ws.Endpoint; ?? ?? @WebService ?? public?class?JdkWebService?{ ?? ?? ????public?String?doSomething(@WebParam(name= "value" ,?targetNamespace?=? "http://demo/" ,?mode?=?WebParam.Mode.IN)String?value)?{ ?? ????????return? "Just?do?it," ?+?value?+? "!" ; ?? ????} ?? ???? ?? ????public?static?void?main(String[]?args)?{ ?? ????????Endpoint.publish( "http://localhost:8080/jdkwsdemo/demo.JdkWebService" ,?new?JdkWebService()); ?? ????} ?? }??
?2)運行該java類,在瀏覽器上就可以訪問該webservice了。
注意:開發web工程的時候,這種方法不太友好。我們可以編寫一個servlet類,在servlet類的初始化方法中發布webservice,這樣我們的中間件服務器啟動的時候就會幫我們自動webservice了。
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?4)? xfire
開發WebService的框架不少,每個框架都有各自的有點,最近我用xfire練習開發WebService,下面是開發WebService的小例子,希望對入門的人有些小幫助?
1.新建一個java web project命名為TestWebService,將xfire相關的jar包添加到lib目錄中,寫接口類和實現類?
Java代碼??
package ?com.lamp.service; ?? ?? public ? interface ?MessageService?{ ?? ???? public ?String?getName(String?name); ?? }?? [java] ?view plain
?copy ?print ?
package ?com.lamp.service;?? ?? public ? interface ?MessageService?{?? ????public ?String?getName(String?name);?? }?? 實現類?
Java代碼??
package ?com.lamp.service.impl; ?? ?? import ?com.lamp.service.MessageService; ?? ?? public ? class ?MessageServiceImpl? implements ?MessageService?{ ?? ?? ???? public ?String?getName(String?name)?{ ?? ???????? return ? "hellow?" ?+?name?+? ",?welcome?to?WebService?world" ; ?? ????} ?? ?? }?? [java] ?view plain
?copy ?print ?
package ?com.lamp.service.impl;?? ?? import ?com.lamp.service.MessageService;?? ?? public ? class ?MessageServiceImpl? implements ?MessageService?{?? ?? ????public ?String?getName(String?name)?{?? ????????return ? "hellow?" ?+?name?+? ",?welcome?to?WebService?world" ;?? ????}?? ?? }?? 在src目錄下新建文件夾META-INF,然后再在其下新建文件夾xfire,在xfire目錄下新建配置文件services.xml?
Xml代碼??
<? xml ? version = "1.0" ? encoding = "UTF-8" ?> ?? < beans ? xmlns = "http://xfire.codehaus.org/config/1.0" > ?? ?? < service > ?? ???? < name > MessageService </ name > ?? ???? < serviceClass > com.lamp.service.MessageService </ serviceClass > ?? ???? < implementationClass > com.lamp.service.impl.MessageServiceImpl </ implementationClass > ?? ?? </ service > ?? </ beans > ?? [xml] ?view plain
?copy ?print ?
<? xml ? version = "1.0" ? encoding = "UTF-8" ?> ?? < beans ? xmlns = "http://xfire.codehaus.org/config/1.0" > ?? ??< service > ?? ????< name > MessageService </ name > ?? ????< serviceClass > com.lamp.service.MessageService </ serviceClass > ?? ????< implementationClass > com.lamp.service.impl.MessageServiceImpl </ implementationClass > ?? ??</ service > ?? </ beans > ?? 最后在web.xml中配置xfire的servlet?
Xml代碼??
< servlet > ?? ???????? < servlet-name > XFireServlet </ servlet-name > ?? ???????? < servlet-class > ?? ????????????org.codehaus.xfire.transport.http.XFireConfigurableServlet ?? ???????? </ servlet-class > ?? ???? </ servlet > ?? ?? ???? < servlet-mapping > ?? ???????? < servlet-name > XFireServlet </ servlet-name > ?? ???????? < url-pattern > /servlet/XFireServlet/* </ url-pattern > ?? ???? </ servlet-mapping > ?? ?? ???? < servlet-mapping > ?? ???????? < servlet-name > XFireServlet </ servlet-name > ?? ???????? < url-pattern > /services/* </ url-pattern > ?? ???? </ servlet-mapping > ?? [xml] ?view plain
?copy ?print ?
< servlet > ?? ????????< servlet-name > XFireServlet </ servlet-name > ?? ????????< servlet-class > ?? ????????????org.codehaus.xfire.transport.http.XFireConfigurableServlet?? ????????</ servlet-class > ?? ????</ servlet > ?? ?? ????< servlet-mapping > ?? ????????< servlet-name > XFireServlet </ servlet-name > ?? ????????< url-pattern > /servlet/XFireServlet/* </ url-pattern > ?? ????</ servlet-mapping > ?? ?? ????< servlet-mapping > ?? ????????< servlet-name > XFireServlet </ servlet-name > ?? ????????< url-pattern > /services/* </ url-pattern > ?? ????</ servlet-mapping > ?? 項目部署后在瀏覽器中通過http://localhost:8080/TestWebService/services訪問看到遠程訪問的接口,并得到wsdl為http://localhost:8080/TestWebService/services/MessageService?wsdl?
這樣服務器端開發完畢,現在開始客戶端的開發?
新建一個java project也將xfire相關的jar引入,我用ant在客戶端生成代理對象,在項目路徑下新建build.xml,代碼為?
Xml代碼??
<? xml ? version = "1.0" ? encoding = "UTF-8" ?> ?? ?? < project ? name = "WebService" ? basedir = "." ? default = "gen-webservice" > ?? ?? ???? < property ? file = "build.properties" > ?? ???? </ property > ?? ?? ???? < path ? id = "project-classpath" > ?? ???????? < fileset ? dir = "${lib.dir}" > ?? ???????????? < include ? name = "**/*.jar" ? /> ? ?? ???????? </ fileset > ?? ???? </ path > ?? ?? ???? < target ? name = "gen-webservice" > ?? ???????? < taskdef ? name = "wsgen" ? classname = "org.codehaus.xfire.gen.WsGenTask" ? classpathref = "project-classpath" ? /> ?? ?? ???????? < wsgen ? outputDirectory = "${src.dir}" ?? ?????????? wsdl = "${wsdl.dir}" ? package = "com.lamp.ws.client" ? overwrite = "true" /> ?? ???????? ?? ???? </ target > ?? ?? </ project > ?? [xml] ?view plain
?copy ?print ?
<? xml ? version = "1.0" ? encoding = "UTF-8" ?> ?? ?? < project ? name = "WebService" ? basedir = "." ? default = "gen-webservice" > ?? ?? ????< property ? file = "build.properties" > ?? ????</ property > ?? ?? ????< path ? id = "project-classpath" > ?? ????????< fileset ? dir = "${lib.dir}" > ?? ????????????< include ? name = "**/*.jar" ? /> ??? ????????</ fileset > ?? ????</ path > ?? ?? ????< target ? name = "gen-webservice" > ?? ????????< taskdef ? name = "wsgen" ? classname = "org.codehaus.xfire.gen.WsGenTask" ? classpathref = "project-classpath" ? /> ?? ?? ????????< wsgen ? outputDirectory = "${src.dir}" ?? ??????????wsdl = "${wsdl.dir}" ? package = "com.lamp.ws.client" ? overwrite = "true" /> ?? ?????????? ????</ target > ?? ?? </ project > ?? 其引入的build.properties文件也在項目路徑下?
src.dir=${basedir}/src?
lib.dir=F:/WebService/xfire-1.2.6/lib?
wsdl.dir=http://localhost:8080/TestWebService/services/MessageService?wsdl?
其中lib.jar為我存放xfire的路徑,運行ant得到代理對象?
編寫一個測試類?
Java代碼??
package ?com.lamp.test; ?? ?? import ?com.lamp.ws.client.MessageServiceClient; ?? import ?com.lamp.ws.client.MessageServicePortType; ?? ?? public ? class ?TestGetName?{ ?? ?? ???? public ? static ? void ?main(String[]?args)?{ ?? ????????MessageServiceClient?msg?=? new ?MessageServiceClient(); ?? ????????MessageServicePortType?portType?=?msg.getMessageServiceHttpPort(); ?? ????????String?result?=?portType.getName( "張三" ); ?? ????????System.out.println(result); ?? ????} ?? ?? }?? [java] ?view plain
?copy ?print ?
package ?com.lamp.test;?? ?? import ?com.lamp.ws.client.MessageServiceClient;?? import ?com.lamp.ws.client.MessageServicePortType;?? ?? public ? class ?TestGetName?{?? ?? ????public ? static ? void ?main(String[]?args)?{?? ????????MessageServiceClient?msg?=?new ?MessageServiceClient();?? ????????MessageServicePortType?portType?=?msg.getMessageServiceHttpPort();?? ????????String?result?=?portType.getName("張三" );?? ????????System.out.println(result);?? ????}?? ?? }?? 運行在控制臺看到了hellow 張三, welcome to WebService world至此一個簡單的WebService開發完畢
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