監(jiān)控03-分布式監(jiān)控Zabbix

一、Zabbix概述

?????? Zabbix是一個(gè)基于Web界面的分布式系統(tǒng)監(jiān)控與網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)，能夠監(jiān)控各種網(wǎng)絡(luò)參數(shù)，并提供靈活的通知機(jī)制，以使管理員能快速定位故障并解決。由于zabbix server端與zabbix agent組成，可通過SNMP、zabbix、agent、ping、端口監(jiān)視等方法實(shí)現(xiàn)對遠(yuǎn)程主機(jī)與網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備的監(jiān)控。

二、Zabbix的特點(diǎn)

1、支持自動發(fā)現(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備和服務(wù)器

2、支持分布式監(jiān)控

3、可設(shè)置報(bào)警閾值

4、可通過多種方式進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)收集

5、可指定的報(bào)警方式

6、實(shí)時(shí)的繪圖功能

7、通過Web監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)與設(shè)置系統(tǒng)

三、Zabbix配置案例

實(shí)驗(yàn)環(huán)境：

zabbix：192.168.1.11/24

client：192.168.1.12/24

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1、安裝Zabbix服務(wù)器

(1)前期準(zhǔn)備

[root@zabbix ~]# /etc/init.d/iptables stop

iptables：將鏈設(shè)置為政策 ACCEPT：filter??????????????????? [確定]

iptables：清除防火墻規(guī)則：???????????????????????????????? [確定]

iptables：正在卸載模塊：?????????????????????????????????? [確定]

[root@zabbix ~]# setenforce 0

搭建兩張光盤的yum倉庫

掛載第二張光盤

[root@zabbix ~]# mount /dev/sr0 /media/cdrom/

mount: block device /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only

[root@zabbix ~]# mkdir /media/cdrom1

[root@zabbix ~]# cp -rf /media/cdrom/* /media/cdrom1/ &

[1] 1352

[root@zabbix ~]# ls /etc/yum.repos.d/

a? CentOS-Media.repo

[root@zabbix ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Media.repo

[c6-media]

name=CentOS-$releasever - Media

baseurl=file:///media/cdrom/

??????? file:///media/cdrom1/

gpgcheck=1

enabled=1

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

掛載第二張光盤

[root@zabbix ~]# umount /dev/sr0

[root@zabbix ~]# mount /dev/sr0 /media/cdrom

mount: block device /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only

[root@zabbix ~]# du -sh /media/cdrom

4.2G?????? /media/cdrom

[root@zabbix ~]# du -sh /media/cdrom1

1.2G?????? /media/cdrom1

[root@zabbix ~]# rpm --import /media/cdrom/*K*

[root@zabbix ~]# yum -y clean all

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror

Cleaning repos: c6-media

Cleaning up Everything

Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors

[root@zabbix ~]# yum makecache

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror

Determining fastest mirrors

?* c6-media:

c6-media????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? | 4.0 kB???? 00:00 ...

c6-media/group_gz???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? | 220 kB???? 00:00 ...

c6-media/filelists_db???????????????????????????????????????????????????? | 5.8 MB???? 00:00 ...

c6-media/primary_db?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? | 4.4 MB???? 00:00 ...

c6-media/other_db???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? | 2.7 MB???? 00:00 ...

Metadata Cache Created

(2)搭建LAMP平臺

[root@zabbix ~]# yum -y install httpd mysql-server mysql mysql-devel php php-mysql

(3)安裝zabbix依賴包

[root@zabbix ~]# yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf httpd-manual mod_perl mod_auth_mysql php-gd php-xml php-ldap php-pear php-xmlrpc mysql-connector-odbc libdbi-dbd-mysql net-snmp-devel curl-devel unixODBC-devel java-devel openldap openldap-devel php-pdo ncurses-devel

[root@zabbix ~]# ls *.rpm

OpenIPMI-2.0.16-14.el6.x86_64.rpm??????? php-bcmath-5.3.3-3.el6_2.5.x86_64.rpm

OpenIPMI-devel-2.0.16-14.el6.x86_64.rpm? php-mbstring-5.3.3-3.el6_2.5.x86_64.rpm

OpenIPMI-libs-2.0.16-14.el6.x86_64.rpm

[root@zabbix ~]# rpm -ivh O*.rpm

Preparing...??????????????? ########################################### [100%]

?? 1:OpenIPMI-libs????????? ###########################################?[ 33%]

?? 2:OpenIPMI?????????????? ###########################################?[ 67%]

?? 3:OpenIPMI-devel???????? ###########################################?[100%]

[root@zabbix ~]# rpm -ivh php-*.rpm --nodeps

Preparing...??????????????? ########################################### [100%]

?? 1:php-mbstring?????????? ###########################################?[ 50%]

?? 2:php-bcmath???????????? ###########################################?[100%]

(4)配置LAMP環(huán)境

?????? 配置php環(huán)境，修改php.ini，目的是zabbix的web代碼要求這么配置才能正常運(yùn)行，所以，不修改的后果就是無法安裝，無法獲得正常的環(huán)境。

[root@zabbix ~]# vim /etc/php.ini

946 date.timezone =Asia/Shanghai

440 max_execution_time = 300

729 post_max_size = 32M

449 max_input_time = 300

457 memory_limit = 128M

1586 mbstring.func_overload = 2

[root@zabbix ~]# sed -i '276 s/#//' /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

[root@zabbix ~]# /etc/init.d/httpd start

正在啟動 httpd：?????????????????????????????????????????? [確定]

[root@zabbix ~]# chkconfig httpd on

[root@zabbix ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start

正在啟動 mysqld：????????????????????????????????????????? [確定]

[root@zabbix ~]# chkconfig mysqld on

(5)編譯安裝zabbix

[root@zabbix ~]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin zabbix

[root@zabbix ~]# mkdir /etc/zabbix /var/log/zabbix

[root@zabbix ~]# chown zabbix.zabbix /var/log/zabbix/

[root@zabbix ~]# tar xf zabbix-2.0.12.tar.gz -C /usr/src/

[root@zabbix ~]# cd /usr/src/zabbix-2.0.12/

[root@zabbix zabbix-2.0.12]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/ --sysconfdir=/etc/zabbix/ --enable-server --enable-proxy --enable-agent --enable-ipv6 --with-mysql=/usr/bin/mysql_config --with-net-snmp --with-libcurl --with-openipmi --with-unixodbc --with-ldap --enable-java && make && make install

若添加--with-ssh2 需要SSH開發(fā)庫的支持，可以不編譯此項(xiàng)

[root@zabbix zabbix-2.0.12]# pwd

/usr/src/zabbix-2.0.12

[root@zabbix zabbix-2.0.12]# cp misc/init.d/fedora/core/zabbix_* /etc/init.d/

[root@zabbix zabbix-2.0.12]# ll -d /etc/init.d/zabbix_*

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 2170 6月? 16 11:40 /etc/init.d/zabbix_agentd

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 2181 6月? 16 11:40 /etc/init.d/zabbix_server

[root@zabbix zabbix-2.0.12]# cd /etc/zabbix/

[root@zabbix zabbix]# ls

zabbix_agent.conf??? zabbix_agentd.conf??? zabbix_proxy.conf??? zabbix_server.conf

zabbix_agent.conf.d? zabbix_agentd.conf.d? zabbix_proxy.conf.d? zabbix_server.conf.d

[root@zabbix zabbix]# cp zabbix_server.conf zabbix_server.conf.origin

[root@zabbix zabbix]# vim zabbix_server.conf

39 LogFile=/var/log/zabbix/zabbix_server.log

87 DBName=zabbix?????? ?????? //數(shù)據(jù)庫名稱

103 DBUser=zabbix

112 DBPassword=zabbix

120 DBSocket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock?????? ?????? //根據(jù)實(shí)際填寫路徑，此處為YUM安裝的

128 DBPort=3306

77 DBHost=localhost

(6)創(chuàng)建zabbix_agentd服務(wù)

agentd的作用就是獲得host數(shù)據(jù)，然后將收集到的數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)送給server。或者是server主動來拿取數(shù)據(jù)。

[root@zabbix zabbix]# pwd

/etc/zabbix

[root@zabbix zabbix]# cp zabbix_agentd.conf zabbix_agentd.conf.origin

[root@zabbix zabbix]# vim zabbix_agentd.conf

123 ServerActive=192.168.1.11:10051?????? ?????? //服務(wù)端IP，端口固定

21 LogFile=/var/log/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.log

82 Server=127.0.0.1,192.168.1.11?????? ?????? //服務(wù)端IP

228 UnsafeUserParameters=1?????? //自定義腳本功能，1為開啟，默認(rèn)0為關(guān)閉

217 Include=/etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.conf.d/?????? ?????? //自定義的agentd配置文件存放路徑

(7)建立監(jiān)控?cái)?shù)據(jù)庫

[root@zabbix ~]# cd /usr/src/zabbix-2.0.12/

[root@zabbix zabbix-2.0.12]# mysqladmin -uroot password '123123'

[root@zabbix zabbix-2.0.12]# mysql -uroot -p123123

mysql> create database zabbix character set utf8;

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> grant all on zabbix.* to zabbix@localhost identified by 'zabbix';

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

[root@zabbix zabbix-2.0.12]# mysql -uzabbix -pzabbix zabbix < database/mysql/schema.sql

[root@zabbix zabbix-2.0.12]# mysql -uzabbix -pzabbix zabbix < database/mysql/images.sql

[root@zabbix zabbix-2.0.12]# mysql -uzabbix -pzabbix zabbix < database/mysql/data.sql

(8)部署PHP頁面文檔

[root@zabbix zabbix-2.0.12]# pwd

/usr/src/zabbix-2.0.12

[root@zabbix zabbix-2.0.12]# cp -rf frontends/php/ /var/www/html/zabbix

[root@zabbix zabbix-2.0.12]# chown -R apache.apache /var/www/html/zabbix/

瀏覽器訪問測試：http://192.168.1.11/zabbix/

端口：3306

數(shù)據(jù)庫名、用戶名、密碼均為：zabbix

隨便起個(gè)名字

默認(rèn)用戶名：admin

密碼：zabbix

報(bào)錯(cuò)：zabbix服務(wù)未運(yùn)行

(9)鎖定安裝頁面(安全起見)

[root@zabbix ~]# cd /var/www/html/zabbix/

[root@zabbix zabbix]# mv setup.php setup.php.lock

[root@zabbix zabbix]# chmod 600 setup.php.lock

(10)啟動zabbix_server服務(wù)

[root@zabbix ~]# /etc/init.d/zabbix_server start

Starting zabbix_server:??????????????????????????????????? [確定]

[root@zabbix ~]# /etc/init.d/zabbix_agentd start

Starting zabbix_agentd:??????????????????????????????????? [確定]

[root@zabbix ~]# netstat -anpt |grep zabbix

tcp??????? 0????? 0 0.0.0.0:10050?????????????? 0.0.0.0:*?????????????????? LISTEN????? 16316/zabbix_agentd

tcp??????? 0????? 0 0.0.0.0:10051?????????????? 0.0.0.0:*?????????????????? LISTEN????? 16252/zabbix_server

tcp??????? 0????? 0 :::10050??????????????????? :::*??????????????????????? LISTEN????? 16316/zabbix_agentd

tcp??????? 0????? 0 :::10051??????????????????? :::*??????????????????????? LISTEN????? 16252/zabbix_server

瀏覽器查看，已不報(bào)錯(cuò)

2、Linux客戶端(被監(jiān)控端)配置

(1)準(zhǔn)備工作

[root@client ~]# /etc/init.d/iptables stop

iptables：將鏈設(shè)置為政策 ACCEPT：filter??????????????????? [確定]

iptables：清除防火墻規(guī)則：???????????????????????????????? [確定]

iptables：正在卸載模塊：?????????????????????????????????? [確定]

[root@client ~]# setenforce 0

[root@client ~]# grep 'zabbix*' /etc/services

zabbix-agent??? 10050/tcp?????????????? # Zabbix Agent

zabbix-agent??? 10050/udp?????????????? # Zabbix Agent

zabbix-trapper? 10051/tcp?????????????? # Zabbix Trapper

zabbix-trapper? 10051/udp?????????????? # Zabbix Trapper

(2)安裝zabbix_agentd代理程序

[root@client ~]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin zabbix

[root@client ~]# mkdir /etc/zabbix /var/log/zabbix

[root@client ~]# chown zabbix.zabbix /var/log/zabbix/

[root@client ~]# tar xf zabbix-2.0.12.tar.gz -C /usr/src/

[root@client ~]# cd /usr/src/zabbix-2.0.12/

[root@client zabbix-2.0.12]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/zabbix/ --sysconfdir=/etc/zabbix/ --enable-agent && make && make install

[root@client zabbix-2.0.12]# cp misc/init.d/fedora/core/zabbix_agentd /etc/init.d/

[root@client zabbix-2.0.12]# ll -d /etc/init.d/zabbix_agentd

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 2170 6月? 16 12:16 /etc/init.d/zabbix_agentd

[root@client zabbix-2.0.12]# cd /etc/zabbix/

[root@client zabbix]# ls

zabbix_agent.conf? zabbix_agent.conf.d? zabbix_agentd.conf? zabbix_agentd.conf.d

[root@client zabbix]# cp zabbix_agentd.conf zabbix_agentd.conf.origin

[root@client zabbix]# vim zabbix_agentd.conf

82 Server=127.0.0.1,192.168.1.11?????? ?????? //服務(wù)端IP地址

123 ServerActive=192.168.1.11:10051?????? ?????? //服務(wù)端IP及端口

21 LogFile=/var/log/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.log

228 UnsafeUserParameters=1

(2)啟動zabbix_agentd服務(wù)

[root@client ~]# ln -s /usr/local/zabbix/sbin/zabbix_agentd /usr/local/sbin/

[root@client ~]# /etc/init.d/zabbix_agentd start

Starting zabbix_agentd:??????????????????????????????????? [確定]

[root@client ~]# chkconfig zabbix_agentd on

3、使用Zabbix管理平臺

瀏覽器訪問：http://192.168.1.11/zabbix/index.php，登入管理界面(賬號：admin/密碼：zabbix)

(1)修改為中文界面：

選擇第三個(gè)，Chineses(zh_CN)，保存

(2)創(chuàng)建主機(jī)分組

可以根據(jù)業(yè)務(wù)類型分類，例如Web服務(wù)器、數(shù)據(jù)庫服務(wù)器等

配置-->主機(jī)組-->創(chuàng)建主機(jī)組

創(chuàng)建Web Server主機(jī)組

添加client(被監(jiān)控端)主機(jī)

配置à主機(jī)à創(chuàng)建主機(jī)

按下圖設(shè)置后，點(diǎn)擊下方的存檔

設(shè)置Web1主機(jī)添加模板，選擇Template OS Linux

將本機(jī)的監(jiān)控開啟

課外補(bǔ)充：解決中文亂碼問題

1、在Windows中找一個(gè)喜歡的字體，我選擇的是華文楷體

控制面板à外觀和個(gè)性化à字體 (win10系統(tǒng))

2、將喜歡的字體復(fù)制到zabbix 服務(wù)器的/var/www/html/zabbix/fonts/目錄下，若以.TTF結(jié)尾，重命名一下，改成小寫的.ttf

[root@zabbix fonts]# pwd

/var/www/html/zabbix/fonts

[root@zabbix fonts]# ls

DejaVuSans.ttf? STKAITI.ttf

3、修改php頁面

[root@zabbix include]# pwd

/var/www/html/zabbix/include

[root@zabbix include]# cp defines.inc.php defines.inc.php.bak

[root@zabbix include]# vim defines.inc.php

38 define('ZBX_GRAPH_FONT_NAME',?????????? 'STKAITI'); // font file name

86 define('ZBX_FONT_NAME', 'STKAITI');

4、重啟zabbix_server服務(wù)

[root@zabbix ~]# /etc/init.d/zabbix_server restart

Shutting down zabbix_server:?????????????????????????????? [確定]

Starting zabbix_server:??????????????????????????????????? [確定]

瀏覽器再次訪問測試，亂碼問題已解決：

http://192.168.1.11/zabbix

總結(jié)

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