一. 內(nèi)核啟動流程，據(jù)此配置內(nèi)核(機器ID)
1. 獲取內(nèi)核源碼 www.kernel.org
https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v3.x/linux-3.4.2.tar.bz2
2. 解壓內(nèi)核
# tar xjvf linux-3.4.2.tar.bz2
3. 修改頂層Makefile，指定交叉編譯器
ARCH ?= arm
CROSS_COMPILE ?= arm-linux-
4. 使用默認配置編譯內(nèi)核，可使用如下命令查看內(nèi)核有哪些默認配置
# find -name “*defconfig”
使用缺省內(nèi)核配置文件,s3c2410_defconfig 是SMDK2410 的缺省配置文件
# make s3c2410_defconfig
編譯、測試
# make uImage
拷貝uImage到tftpboot目錄
# cp arch/arm/boot/uImage /work/tftpboot/uImage_3.4.2
下載、啟動內(nèi)核
# tftp 32000000 uImage_3.4.2
# bootm 32000000
結(jié)果，啟動后會產(chǎn)生亂碼，原因是bootargs參數(shù)并未指定串口波特率，修改bootargs如下即可正常啟動看到輸出
# set bootargs console=ttySAC0,115200 root=/dev/mtdblock3
5. 修改晶振頻率
# vim arch/arm/mach-s3c24xx/mach-smdk2440.c
–s3c24xx_init_clocks(16934400);
++s3c24xx_init_clocks(12000000);
編譯、測試
# make s3c2410_defconfig //支持內(nèi)核較多
# make uImage

# set machid 16a //SMDK2440的機器ID# set bootargs console=ttySAC0,115200 root=/dev/mtdblock3# tftp 32000000 uImage_3.4.2# bootm 32000000 可正常輸出內(nèi)核啟動信息，說明串口工作正常

二. 修改分區(qū), 制作新的文件系統(tǒng)
2.1 修改分區(qū)，和我修改后的u-boot-2012.04.01一致，參考友善之臂文檔《Mini2440 Linux移植開發(fā)實戰(zhàn)指南.pdf》
0x00000000-0x00060000 : “bootloader”
0x00060000-0x00080000 : “params”
0x00050000-0x00580000 : “kernel”
0x00580000- : “root”
# vim arch/arm/mach-s3c24xx/common-smdk.c
點擊(此處)折疊或打開
static struct mtd_partition smdk_default_nand_part[] = {
[0] = {
.name = “bootloader”,
.size = SZ_256K + SZ_128K,
.offset = 0,
},
[1] = {
.name = “params”,
.offset = SZ_256K + SZ_128K,
.size = SZ_128K,
},
[2] = {
.name = “kernel”,
.offset = SZ_512K,
.size = 0x00500000,
},
[3] = {
.name = “root”,
.offset = SZ_512K + 0x00500000,
.size = MTDPART_SIZ_FULL,
},
};
編譯、測試
# make uImage
# cp arch/arm/boot/uImage /work/tftpboot/uImage_3.4.2

# setenv bootcmd 'tftp 32000000 uImage_3.4.2;bootm 32000000'# boot 可看到打印出如下分區(qū)信息

點擊(此處)折疊或打開
List of all partitions:
1f00 384 mtdblock0 (driver?)
1f01 128 mtdblock1 (driver?)
1f02 5120 mtdblock2 (driver?)
1f03 1042944 mtdblock3 (driver?)

燒寫文件系統(tǒng)、測試fs_mini_mdev.yaffs2<該文件系統(tǒng)來自韋東山老師的教程># tftp 32000000 fs_mini_mdev.yaffs2# nand erase.part root# nand write.yaffs 32000000 0x580000 $filesize測試# set bootargs console=ttySAC0,115200 root=/dev/mtdblock3# setenv bootcmd 'tftp 32000000 uImage_3.4.2;bootm 32000000'# boot結(jié)果：No filesystem could mount root, tried: ext3 ext2 cramfs vfat msdos iso9660 romfs測試jffs2 # tftp 32000000 fs_mini_mdev.jffs2# nand erase.part root# nand write.jffs2 32000000 580000 $filesize# set bootargs console=ttySAC0,115200 root=/dev/mtdblock3 rootfstype=jffs2# boot不能使用2.2 制作根文件系統(tǒng) ① 編譯安裝busybox編譯 busybox-1.20.0.tar.bz2# tar xjvf busybox-1.20.0.tar.bz2# cd busybox-1.20.0# make menuconfigBusybox Settings ---> Build Options ---> () Cross Compiler prefix 填入arm-linux- 保存、退出，執(zhí)行make# make創(chuàng)建文件系統(tǒng)目錄# cd /work/nfsroot# mkdir fs_mini_mdev_new安裝# make install CONFIG_PREFIX=/work/nfsroot/fs_mini_mdev_new② 安裝libc庫，使用arm-linux-gcc 4.3.2 中的庫文件# cd /work/nfsroot/fs_mini_mdev_new# mkdir lib# cd lib# cp /usr/local/arm/4.3.2/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/armv4t/lib/*so* ./ -d # cd ../# mkdir usr/lib -p# cd usr/lib# cp /usr/local/arm/4.3.2/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/armv4t/usr/lib/*so* ./ -d③ 構(gòu)建etc目錄 # cp -rf ../fs_mini_mdev/etc ./修改inttab# vim inittab將s3c2410_serial0改為console④ 構(gòu)建dev目錄 # mkdir dev# cd dev# mknod console c 5 1 # mknod null c 1 3⑤ 創(chuàng)建其他目錄# mkdir proc tmp mnt sys root⑥ 制作jffs2根文件系統(tǒng)，參考《嵌入式Linux應用開發(fā)完全手冊》# mkfs.jffs2 -n -s 2048 -e 128KiB -d fs_mini_mdev_new -o fs_mini_mdev_new.jffs2 ⑦ 燒寫測試# cp fs_mini_mdev_new.jffs2 /work/tftpboot# tftp 32000000 fs_mini_mdev_new.jffs2# nand erase.part root# nand write.jffs2 32000000 580000 $filesize# set bootargs console=ttySAC0,115200 root=/dev/mtdblock3 rootfstype=jffs2# boot⑧ 結(jié)果Kernel panic - not syncing: Attempted to kill init! exitcode=0x00000004出錯、退出解決方法 配置內(nèi)核# make menuconfigKernel Features ---> [*] Use the ARM EABI to compile the kernel //選中該項# make uImage# cp arch/arm/boot/uImage /work/tftpboot/uImage_3.4.2_eabi測試# tftp 32000000 uImage_3.4.2_eabi# bootm 32000000 可正常啟動Please press Enter to activate this console. / #

三. 移植YAFFS文件系統(tǒng)
獲取yaffs2源碼
# git clone git://www.aleph1.co.uk/yaffs2
給內(nèi)核打yaffs2補丁，參考readme
# cd yaffs2
# ./patch-ker.sh c m /work/kernel/linux-3.4.2
配置內(nèi)核使其支持yaffs2文件系統(tǒng)
# make menuconfig
File systems —>
[*]Miscellaneous filesystems —>
<*> yaffs2 file system support
# make uImage

制作yaffs2根文件系統(tǒng) # mkyaffs2image fs_mini_mdev_new fs_mini_mdev_new.yaffs2# mv fs_mini_mdev_new.yaffs2 /work/tftpboot/# cp arch/arm/boot/uImage /work/tftpboot/uImage_3.4.2_yaffs2 燒寫Yaffs2文件系統(tǒng)# tftp 32000000 fs_mini_mdev_new.yaffs2# nand erase.part root //擦除root分區(qū)# nand write.yaffs 32000000 580000 $filesize //親測用nand write.jffs2會出錯，找不到init進程啟動內(nèi)核# tftp 32000000 uImage_3.4.2_yaffs2# set bootargs console=ttySAC0,115200 root=/dev/mtdblock3# bootm 32000000

可修改bootcmd參數(shù)便捷啟動
# setenv bootcmd ‘tftp 32000000 uImage_3.4.2_yaffs2;bootm 32000000’

四. 裁剪內(nèi)核
查看現(xiàn)在內(nèi)核大小
# ls arch/arm/boot/uImage -l
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 2486104 Dec 30 22:41 arch/arm/boot/uImage
# make menuconfig //去掉不需要的項
a. 去掉不需要支持的單板
System Type —>
SAMSUNG S3C24XX SoCs Support —>
* S3C24XX SoCs *
[ ] SAMSUNG S3C2410
[ ] SAMSUNG S3C2412
[ ] SAMSUNG S3C2416/S3C2450
[*] SAMSUNG S3C2440
[ ] SAMSUNG S3C2442
[ ] SAMSUNG S3C2443
* S3C2440 Boards *
[ ] Simtec Electronics ANUBIS
[ ] Avantech AT2440EVB development board
[*] MINI2440 development board
[ ] NexVision NEXCODER 2440 Light Board
[ ] Simtec IM2440D20 (OSIRIS) module
[ ] HP iPAQ rx3715
[*] SMDK2440
[*] SMDK2440 with S3C2440 CPU module

b. 裁剪對文件系統(tǒng)的支持File systems ---> < > Second extended fs support //去掉對ext2的支持< > Ext3 journalling file system support //去掉對ext3的支持DOS/FAT/NT Filesystems ---> //不作修改，對U盤的支持需要 c. 裁剪對驅(qū)動的支持Device Drivers ---> Input device support ---> [ ] Provide legacy /dev/psaux device //delete[ ] Mice ---> //delete[ ] Keyboards ---> //deleted.繼續(xù)裁剪File systems ---> CD-ROM/DVD Filesystems --->< > ISO 9660 CDROM file system support //去掉對光盤的支持[*] Miscellaneous filesystems ---> < > Compressed ROM file system support (cramfs) //delete[ ] Include support for ZLIB compressed file systems //delete< > ROM file system support //deleteDevice Drivers --->Input device support ---> [*] Touchscreens ---><*> Samsung S3C2410/generic touchscreen input driver //配置上該項< > USB Touchscreen Driver //deleteDevice Drivers ---><*> Sound card support ---> <*> Advanced Linux Sound Architecture ---> [ ] USB sound devices ---> //deleteDevice Drivers --->[*] USB support --->[ ] The shared table of common (or usual) storage devices //delete保存、退出編譯內(nèi)核# make uImage# cp arch/arm/boot/uImage /work/tftpboot/uImage_3.4.2_sm 燒寫內(nèi)核# tftp 30000000 uImage_3.4.2_sm# nand erase.part kernel; nand write 30000000 kernel 啟動內(nèi)核# set bootcmd 'nand read 30000000 kernel;bootm 30000000'# set bootargs console=ttySAC0,115200 root=/dev/mtdblock3# set machid 16a# save# boot

原文地址

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