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专升本——主从复合句

發(fā)布時間：2023/12/14 编程问答 25 豆豆

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文章目錄

1、基本句型及其成分分析
- 1.1、句子主干
- 1.2、句子枝干
- 1.3、總結(jié)
2、含義：
3、名詞性從句
- 3.1、分類及位置
- 3.2、做題方法
- 3.3、連詞
- - 3.3.1、 that
  - 3.3.2、whether/if
  - 3.3.3、四條大河
  - 3.3.4、五個W
4、定語從句
- 4.1、含義
- 4.2、特點
- 4.3、做題方法
- 4.4、連詞
- - 4.4.1 that
  - 4.4.2、四個W
  - 4.4.3、三條大河
  - 4.4.4、只用that不用which的情況
  - 4.4.5、只能用于which不能用that
  - 4.4.6、as
  - - 4.4.6.1、考點
- 4.5、非限定性定語從句
- - 4.5.1、考點
- 4.6、練習(xí)
5、狀語從句
- 5.1、含義
- 5.2、類型
- 5.3、時間狀從
- 5.4、條件狀從（主將從現(xiàn)）
- 5.4.1、引導(dǎo)詞
- 5.4.2、主將從現(xiàn)
- 5.5、原因從句
- 5.5.1、注意
- 5.6、讓步狀從
- - 5.6.1、注意
- 5.7、練習(xí)
- 5.8、地點狀從
- 5.9、目的狀從
- 5.10、結(jié)果狀從
- 5.11、方式狀從
- 5.12、比較狀從
- - 5.12.1、倍數(shù)表達(dá)法
- 5.13、練習(xí)

1、基本句型及其成分分析

1.1、句子主干

Rob is a man.
（主系表）

Rob cheated Ann.
（主謂賓）

The man died.
（主謂）

Eli gave Jade a car.
（主謂賓賓）

The story made me angry.
（主謂賓補）

成分詞性位置（以V為基準(zhǔn)）

主語	n.	V.之前
謂/系	V.	不研究
賓語	n.	V.之后/介詞后
表語	n.	be之后
賓補	任意詞性	賓語之后；對賓語補充說明

1.2、句子枝干

Rob is a man. ——> Rob is an amorous man. （定語；修飾限定n；adj.）

Rob cheated Ann. ——> Then Rob cheated Ann. （狀語；adv.）

The man dided. ——> the man Bob died. （同位語；對n.解釋說明；n.）

成分詞性位置

定語	adj.	n.前（單個詞）；n.后（多個詞)
狀語	adv.	句首/句中/句尾
同謂語	n.	n.后（對n解釋說明)

1.3、總結(jié)

n.：主語，賓語，表語，同位語
adj.：定語
adv.：狀語

2、含義：

主句+從句=主從復(fù)合句

主句：一句話

從句：一句話;帶連詞的一句話

+：連詞

3、名詞性從句

3.1、分類及位置

從句位置決定從句類型
主從：位于v之前的帶連詞的一句話
賓從：位于v/介詞之后的帶連詞的一句話
表從：位于be之后的帶連詞的一句話
同位從：位于n之后的帶連詞的一句話

3.2、做題方法

劃：劃從句（從空劃起，劃到空后第二個位于動詞之前若空后只有一個謂語動詞，則劃到最后）

類：看類型（根據(jù)從句位置判斷從句類型）

成：看成分（看從句是否缺成分）

義：看含義（看整句話是否缺含義）

補充：整體謂語
情態(tài)動詞
do
be done
be doing
完成時：have/has/had done
don’t/doestn’t/didn’t do
V.+to do

3.3、連詞

3.3.1、 that

成分：不做成分

含義：沒有含義

例子：

他刪了我的微信讓我很疑惑。
That he deleted my wechat puzzled me.

我不能相信我有這么蠢的朋友。
I can’t believe that I have such a silly friend.

難過的事情是科比死了。
The sad thing is that Kobe died.

科比死了的新聞是真的。
The news that Kobe died is true.

補充：

同位語從句翻譯時，先譯從句，再譯整句話。

同位語從句只考that。

同位語從句前的名詞一定是抽象名詞。

同位語從句一定不缺成分。

同位語從句是用來解釋說明前面的抽象名詞。

3.3.2、whether/if

成分：不作成分

含義：是否

例子：

I wonder whether/if I should tell her.

I wonder whetherI should tell her or not.

whether/ I should tell her is unknow.

補充：

if當(dāng)是否時，只用于V之后的賓從。

whether常與or或者or not連用。

whether/if常用語表示猜測，懷疑，不確定的句中。

3.3.3、四條大河

when，where，why，how

含義：何時，何地，為何，如何

成分：都不做成分

例子：

He doesn’t know where he can find a girlfriend.

3.3.4、五個W

what，who，whom，which，whose

含義：什么，誰，誰，那個，誰的

成分：主/賓，主，賓語，（不作成分，不作成分（從句結(jié)構(gòu)是'空+n+主語+謂語，選which，whose））

例子：

他需要的是自由的生活。
What he needs is a free life.

他想知道是誰教的他。
He wonders who teaches him.

她感激通常與之交流的人。
She appreciates whom she usually communicates with.

I don’t know which boy I should choose.

補充：

what/whatever，who/whoever，whom/whomever
eg. ___ believes in me will never die.

A. who
B. whoever
C. whom
D.whomever

賓語從句中的連詞that可以省略。
eg. I can’t believe I have such a silly friend.

所有從句都是正常語序（主+謂）

A is to B what C is to D（A對B來說就像C對D一樣）

當(dāng)從句是被動語態(tài)，則視其不缺賓語。

介詞后不可跟that，除了

in that

except

It形式主語代替主語從句
eg. that she cheated the guy is obvious
It is obvious that she cheated the guy.

4、定語從句

4.1、含義

定語從句：
定語：翻譯成···的用來修飾名詞
從句：帶連詞的一句話

4.2、特點

定語從句位于n.后

定語從句前面的n。也叫現(xiàn)行詞

4.3、做題方法

劃：劃從句（從空劃起，劃到空后第二個位于動詞之前若空后只有一個謂語動詞，則劃到最后）

類：看類型（名詞之后是定從）

成：看成分（看從句是否缺成分）

名：看名詞（先行詞是人/物）

先行詞’s = whose

4.4、連詞

4.4.1 that

成分：主語/賓語

先行詞：人/物

例子：

我會變成童話里你愛的那個天使。
eg. I will become the angel that you love in the fairy tale.

**補充：**如何區(qū)分定從和同位從

The news that she was killed was shocking

The news that I heard of yesterday was shocking.

4.4.2、四個W

who，whom，whose，which
含義：誰，誰，誰的，那個
成分：主語；賓語；不作成分，主語/賓語
先行詞：人，人，人/物,物
例子：
The thing which I met was I lost my cell phone.
The thin man was the thief who stole my phone.
The man whom I talked to was policemen.
The idiot whose cell phone lost again is me.
補充：
先行詞與從句的主語為’s的所屬關(guān)系，選whose
Look out！Don’t get too close to the “house” whose “roof” is under repair.

4.4.3、三條大河

when，where，why

含義：何時，何地，為何

成分：都不做成分

現(xiàn)行詞：時間，地點，原因

例子：

Double Eleven is the day when people go shopping crazily.

I went to a park where deer could bow.

The reason why they divorced was obvious.

補充：

其它表示地點的詞：
situation/business/occasion/stage/point/case/race

when，where，why = 介詞+which

when = on which

where = in which

why = for which

例子：

This is the house where/in where I live.

This is the that/which I live in.

4.4.4、只用that不用which的情況

當(dāng)先行詞由最高級或敘述詞修飾時
This is the biggest cockroach that I have met.

現(xiàn)行詞由“the very”，“the only”，“the last“修飾時
This is the very book than I am looking for.

當(dāng)現(xiàn)行詞是all/不定代詞時

不定代詞:
everything，everybody，everyone
something，somebody，someone
anything，anybody，anyone
nothing，nobody，no one

All the ways that he took were useless.
Everything that he did was useless.

當(dāng)現(xiàn)行詞即有人又有物時
I will never forget the people and the places that I have visited.

4.4.5、只能用于which不能用that

介詞后不可以用that，除了in that，except that

which可用于非限定性定語從句

4.4.6、as

成分：主語/賓語

先行詞：人/物

4.4.6.1、考點

固定搭配：

such ··· as

the same ··· as
eg. He is not the same boy as he used to be.

可用于非限定性定從

4.5、非限定性定語從句

位于逗號前后，通常位于逗號后

連詞不能用that，其它連詞用法相同

既可以修飾一個名詞，也可修飾一句話

4.5.1、考點

考點1：

as：空位于句首，句中有逗號

which：空位于逗號之后，從句缺成分

例子：

As we all know，little kids are naughty.

As is know to all，little kids are naughty.

Mrs.Wang helped me a lot with my English last term，which made me very moved.

固定搭配：

As we all know

As is know to all

As is often the case

As is mentioned above

考點2：

先行詞，名/代/形/數(shù) + of +

which （先行詞是物）

whom （先行詞是人）

例子：

There are 20 students in my class，20% of whom are girls.

補充：

定語從句中作賓語的連詞可以省略。
The young lady that/whome/不填we met yesterday is our teacher.

當(dāng)先行詞是the way 時，連詞選 that/in which/不填

當(dāng)現(xiàn)行詞是time時：

次數(shù)：that/不填

時間：

從句不缺成分：when/on which

從句缺成分：that/which

4.6、練習(xí)

She heard a terrible noise，___ brought her heart into her mouth.

A. it
B. which
C. this
D. that

The young lady ___ we met yesterday is our new math’s teacher.

A. what
B. whose
C. whom
D. which

The old town has narrow streets and small houses ___ are built close to each other.

A. they
B. where
C. what
D. that

The weather turned out to be very good，___ was more than we could expect.

A. what
B. which
C. that
D. it

I want to use the same machines ___ used in your factory a few days ago.

A. that was
B. which was
C. what were
D. as were

___ is know to all，a body at rest will never move without the influence of an outside force.

A. What
B. As
C. That
D. which

The result is not the same ___ the had expected，___ was rather disppointing.

A. as；that
B. which；as
C. as；which
D. that；which

The camel ___ I rode had a bad temper，and I got tired.

A. that
B. whose
C. who
D. where

The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year，80% ___ are sold abroad.

A. of which
B. which of
C. which of
D. of that

That’s the man ___ house was destroyed in the storm.

A. that
B. whose
C. who
D. which

I don’t like ___ you speak to her.

A. the way
B. the way in that
C. the way which
D. the way of which

Life is like a long race ___ we compete with others to go beyond ouselves.

A. why
B. what
C. that
D. where

He’s a famous film star ___ many articles have been published in the newspapers.

A. with which
B. about whom
C. about which
D. with whom

There were dirty marks on her trousers ___ she had wiped her hands.

A. where
B. which
C. when
D. that

There are altogether eleven books on the shelf，five ___ are mine.

A. on which
B. in which
C. of which
D. that

___ is reported in the newspapers，talks between them are making progress.

A. It
B. As
C. That
D. What

If a shop has chairs ___ woman can park their men，woman will spend more time in the shop.

A. how
B. which
C. where
D. that

___ is often the case，we have worked out the production plan.

A. Which
B. When
C. What
D. As

I work in a business ___ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.

A. how
B. which
C. where
D. that

There are two rooms in the house，___ is served as the as the kitchen.

A. the smaller of which
B. the samller of them
C. the smallest of which
D. the smallest of them

The old man had a son and daughter，___ treated him well，___ greatly disppointing.

A. neither of them；which
B. neither of whom；which
C. neither of them；it
D. neither of whom；it

After graduating from college，I took some time off to go travelling，___ turned out to be a wise desision.

A. that
B. which
C. when
D. where

Finally they arrived at a place，___ sold cigarettes and other small articles.

A. where
B. which
C. in which
D. what

I had a pleasant talk with those passengers，____ came from France.

A. two of them
B. two of whom
C. two of which
D. two of who

You can only be sure of ___ you have at present，you cannot be sure of something ___ you might get in the future.

A. what；/
B. that；what
C. which；that
D. /；that

Mary lives in the room，the door ___ opens east.

A. of it
B. of which
C. of that
D. whose

The engineer ___ my father is talking has just come from abroad.

A. with whom
B. with who
C. with which
D. that

He lives in a hotel， ___ is only five minutes’ walk from here.

A. that
B. which
C. in which
D. who
D. when

It was at our college libray ___ I borrowed the novel.

A. which
B. in which
C. who
D. when

All ___ is needed is a supply of oil.

A. the thing
B. that
C. what
D. which

Is this college ___ they went to last year？

A. one
B. which
C. where
D. what

The bike and its rider ___ had knocked down the boy were taken to the police.

A. who
B. that
C. which
D. whom

Everything ___ he said was of great importance.

A. which
B. that
C. as
D. what

Do you know the reason ___ he was late?

A. that
B. which
C. what
D. for which

Great changdes have taken place since then in the factory ___ we are working.

A. where
B. that
C. which
D. when

5、狀語從句

5.1、含義

狀語：
修飾動詞
修飾形容詞
修飾一句話
從句：帶連詞的一句話
例句：
He plays the game well.
He is very good.

5.2、類型

四大五小：
時間狀從，條件狀從，原因狀從，讓步狀從
地點狀從，目的狀從，結(jié)果狀從，方式狀從，比較狀從
例句：
I will marry you as long as you have long hair.

5.3、時間狀從

引導(dǎo)詞1: when、while、as （當(dāng)···時候）

when 當(dāng)···時候（后面可接任意時態(tài)）
Li was the only one who stood by my side when everyone blamed me.

while 當(dāng)···時候（后面接be doing）當(dāng)前后句都是be doing時，只能while。
I was giving a lecture while he was sleeping.

as 當(dāng)···時候/隨著···
As the society develops，great changes have taken place in our daily life.

引導(dǎo)詞2:

Before 在···之前

After 在···之后

引導(dǎo)詞3：

till 直到

untill 直到

引導(dǎo)詞4：主將從現(xiàn)
as soon as = the moment = the minute = the second 一···就···
As soon as he comes back，I will let you know.

引導(dǎo)詞5：
No sooner ··· that ···
Hardly/Scarcely ··· when ··· 一···就···

引導(dǎo)詞6：
since（自從）/every time（每次）/once（主將從現(xiàn)）（一旦）
Once I find out you play with your cell phone，I will break （break）up with you.

5.4、條件狀從（主將從現(xiàn)）

5.4.1、引導(dǎo)詞

if = on condition that ··· 如果
unless 如果不/除非
as long as = so long as 只要

If you don’t leave me，I will be by your side till the life ends.

5.4.2、主將從現(xiàn)

主句：一般將來時 will/shall do
從句：一般現(xiàn)在時 do/does

5.5、原因從句

because = in that 因為

as （因為）

for 通常位于逗號后表示因為

since = now that既然

considering that 考慮到

seeing that 鑒于

5.5.1、注意

because of = on account of = due to = owing to + n./短語
因為/由于

例子：

Because I love you, I will be here waiting for you.

Because of love，I will be here waiting for you.

5.6、讓步狀從

引導(dǎo)詞1：though/although 盡管
Though a lie may be well dressed，it never overcomes.

引導(dǎo)詞2：as 盡管（n./v./adj./adv.+as+主語+謂語）

引導(dǎo)詞3：even if / even though 即使
Even if we are old，still love you.

引導(dǎo)詞4：

while:

盡管（句首）

然而（句中）
While I admit his good point，I can see his shortcomings

引導(dǎo)詞5：
whether 無論/是否與 or / or not 連用
Whether you go or not，will stay with you.

引導(dǎo)詞6：

whatever = no matter what 無論什么
however = no matter how 無論怎樣/無論如何
whoever = no matter who 無論是誰
whenever = no matter when 無論何時
eg. Whenever I am unhappy，It is my friend that cheers me up.

5.6.1、注意

疑問詞+ever即可用在名從也可用于讓步狀從。no matter +疑問詞只能用于讓步狀從

despite + n. = in spite of + n./短語（盡管）

however/how + adj./adv. + 主 + 謂
eg. However difficult the task is，we should finish it.

whatever/what + （冠詞+adj.）+ n. +主 + 謂
eg.Whatever diffculties we meet，we should finish the task.

在英語中，一句話只有一個謂語動詞

在英語中，兩個句子之間有且只有一個連詞。前有盡管，后無but

連詞后面加句子，介詞后加名詞或者短語

5.7、練習(xí)

Any book will do，___ it is interesting and instructive

A. as far as
B. so far as
C. as long as
D. as soon as

___ stupid a child is，he can speak his native language very well.

A. Whatever
B. Wherever
C. Whenever
D. Howerver

All substances，___ they are gaseous，liquid or solid，are made of atoms.

A. whether
B. though
C. even if
D. as

John is determined to carry out the important experiment，___ happens，he will not change his plan.

A. That
B. Whatever
C. What
D. Wherever

I don’t know how wrote the letter. It can’t be Mrs. Johnson，___ she was not in the office that day.

A. while
B. when
C. as
D. though

___ man can now create radioactive elements，there is nothing he can do to reduce their

A. As long as
B. As
C. Even
D. While

Dried leaves continue to hang on the branches of some trees ___ the new leaves appear.

A. until
B. that
C. by
D. from

5.8、地點狀從

引導(dǎo)詞：

where

wherever = no matter where

5.9、目的狀從

引導(dǎo)詞1：so that = in order that （為了/以便）
eg.I give my phone number to you in order that you can reach me at any time.
引導(dǎo)詞2：in case = for fear that = lest（以防）

5.10、結(jié)果狀從

引導(dǎo)詞：（如此···以至于···）

so +adj./adv. + that ···

such +（冠詞+adj.）+ n. + that ···
She is so lovely that that people call her peach girl.

5.11、方式狀從

引導(dǎo)詞：
as （按照）
as if = as though（好像）

5.12、比較狀從

原級比較：

as + adj./adv. + as（和···一樣）

not so/as + adj./adv. + as （和···不一樣）

比較級：

比較級 + than

比較級 and 比較級（越來越···）

the+比較級 the+比較級

Which/Who is + 比較級/ A or B？（A和B哪一個/誰更···）

最高級：

the + 最高級 + in/of + 范圍（在某范圍內(nèi)···）
The saddest word in the English language is “unloved”.

注意：
far：
farther 更遠(yuǎn)的
further 更進(jìn)一步的；更深一層的

5.12.1、倍數(shù)表達(dá)法

A+is+倍數(shù)+比較級+than+B
This house is ten times bigger than that one.

A+is+倍數(shù)+as+adj./adv.+as+B
She is twice as weighty as me.

A+is+倍數(shù)+the size/the length/the heigh+of +B
The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.

5.13、練習(xí)

Leave your key with your neighbor ___ you lock yourself out one day.

A. ever since
B. even if
C. soon after
D. in case

We thought there were 35 students in the dining hall，___ ，in fact，there 40.

A. while
B. whether
C. what
D. which

He gets along very well with his American friends，___ .

A. despite he does not speak English
B. in spite of he does not speak English
C. although he des not speak English
D. for he does not speak English

You can’t attend the party tonight because it is stormy. ___，you still haven’t got over your high fever.

A. Therefore
B. However
C. Moreover
D. thus

Rod is determined to get a seat for the concert ___ it means standing in a queue all night.

A. provided
B. whatever
C. even if
D. as if

Miss Flnney is ___ singer ___ she won the first prize in the singing competition last year.

A. such a fine；that
B. a such fine；that
C. such fine a；that
D. so fine；that

No sooner had he seen a blind man ___ he got up from his seat.

A. while
B. when
C. than
D. and

I was so familiar with her that I recognized her voice ___ I picked up the phone.

A. as soon as
B. after
C. before
D. while

After the new technique was introduced，the factory produced ___ tractors in 1988 as the year before.

A. as twice many
B. as many twice
C. twice as many
D. twice many as

Read it alound ___ the class can hear you.

A. so that
B. if
C. when
D. although

Tim is in good shape physically ___ he doesn’t get much exercise.

A. if
B. even though
C. unless
D. as long as

It has been about ten years ___ I met you last.

A. since
B. for
C. when
D. as

They will never succeed，___ hard they try.

A. because
B. however
C. when
D. since

— Our holiday cost a lot of money.
— Did it？Well，that doesn’t matter ___ you enjoyed yourselves.

A. as long as
B. unless
C. as soon as
D. though

___，the football game has been decided not to put off.

A. Heavily as did it rain
B. As it rained heavily
C. Heavily as it rained
D. As heavily as it rained

___ the rain stops，we’ll set off for the station.

A. Before
B. Unless
C. As soon as
D. Though

She was ___ tired ___ she could not move an inch.

A. so；that
B. such；that
C. very；that
D. so；as

The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair ___ he wanted to sit next to his wife.

A. although
B. unless
C. because
D. if

Althugh it’s raining，___ are still working in the field.

A. they
B. but they
C. and they
D. so they

Speak to him slowly ___ he may understand you better.

A. since
B. so that
C. for
D. because

You’ll miss the train ___ you hurry up.

A. unless
B. as
C. if
D. untill

It takes many years for the ecosystem to recover ___ the evnironment is damaged.

A. untill
B. since
C. while
D. once

We’d better hurry ___ it is getting dark.

A. and
B. but
C. as
D. unless

I huried ___ I wouldn’t be late for class.

A. since
B. so that
C. as if
D. unless

___ I catch a cold，I have pain in my back.

A. Every time
B. Though
C. Even
D. Where

He tried his best to solve the problem，___ difficult it was.

A. however
B. no matter
C. whatever
D. although

You may arrive in Beijing early ___ you mind taking the night train.

A. that
B. though
C. unless
D. if

The doctor will not preform the operation ___ it is absolutely necessary.

A. if
B. even if
C. though
D. unless

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