**靜態(tài)路由# 學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)：

了解靜態(tài)路由原理和弊端
掌握配置靜態(tài)路由的命令
成功配置靜態(tài)路由
對靜態(tài)路由排錯的命令

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學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容：

靜態(tài)路由
1、 規(guī)劃拓?fù)鋱D
2、 使用華為ensp模擬器配置靜態(tài)路由
3、 掌握靜態(tài)路由配置命令
4、排錯命令

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學(xué)習(xí)時間：

提示：2021/12/2

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學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容：

靜態(tài)路由：

是指用戶或網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理員手工配置的路由信息。當(dāng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)或鏈路狀態(tài)發(fā)生改變時，需要網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理員手工配置靜態(tài)路由信息。

靜態(tài)路由弊端：

相比于動態(tài)路由協(xié)議，靜態(tài)路由并不適用于大型網(wǎng)絡(luò)，因為大型網(wǎng)絡(luò)在一旦發(fā)生變動管理員需要花費大量的時間進(jìn)行配置，同時配置如有錯誤排錯也是一個很漫長痛苦的事情

何時適合靜態(tài)路由

穩(wěn)定小型局域網(wǎng)

基于華為ensp模擬器配置靜態(tài)路由命令詳解：

靜態(tài)路由拓?fù)鋱D（兩臺主機(jī)分別為10和20網(wǎng)段，需要經(jīng)過三個路由器）

R1

sys #進(jìn)入系統(tǒng)視圖
[Huawei]sysname R1 #給路由器重新命名為R1
[R1]int g #選擇接口，先配置g0/0/1口
[R1]int GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.10.254 24 #分配IP地址
Dec 2 2021 18:56:28-08:00 R1 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state.
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q #退出該接口
[R1]int g
[R1]int GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 #進(jìn)入g0/0/0口配置
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 10.0.12.1 24 #分配IP地址
Dec 2 2021 18:56:54-08:00 R1 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state.
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.20.0 24 10.0.12.2 #在系統(tǒng)模式下配置靜態(tài)路由，此實驗是需要使pc1和pc2互相通信，那么目標(biāo)主機(jī)便是IP段為192.168.20.0/24的主機(jī) 從路由器R1出去的的第一跳就為路由器R2的G0/0/0口

R2

sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sysname R2
[R2]int g0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 10.0.12.2 24
Dec 2 2021 18:57:33-08:00 R2 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state.
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[R2]int g0/0/1
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 10.0.23.2 24
Dec 2 2021 18:57:56-08:00 R2 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state.
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.10.0 24 10.0.12.1
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.20.0 24 10.0.23.3
#靜態(tài)路由通信是雙向的（request和reply），所以配置時也需要兩頭都配置，pc1通信向pc2的方向時192.168.20.0/24 R2需要通過的路徑只剩下R3的g0/0/1口地址為10.0.23.3
#pc2回應(yīng)pc1的目標(biāo)為192.168.10.0/24路徑有R1的g/0/0/0口10.0.12.1

R3

system-view
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sysname R3
[R3]int g0/0/1
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 10.0.23.3 24
Dec 2 2021 18:58:34-08:00 R3 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state.
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[R3]int g0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.20.254 24
Dec 2 2021 18:58:53-08:00 R3 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state.
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.10.0 24 10.0.23.2
#PC2和PC1通信目標(biāo)主機(jī)時192.168.10.0網(wǎng)段的主機(jī)，而R3需要靠路由器R2的g0/0/1口找到目標(biāo)主機(jī)

到此靜態(tài)路由配置完畢，主機(jī)之間互ping便可知道配置是否成功了

實驗2

實驗?zāi)繕?biāo)

使pc1和pc2、pc3之間互相通信（配置靜態(tài)路由的方式）

實驗過程

1.劃分IP地址 2.配置IP 3.命令配置靜態(tài)路由

PC1配置IP網(wǎng)關(guān)


PC2配置IP網(wǎng)關(guān)


PC3配置IP網(wǎng)關(guān)


R1配置命令

system-view
[Huawei]sysname R1
[R1]int GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 10.1.1.254 24
Dec 2 2021 20:10:32-08:00 R1 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state.
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[R1]int GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 10.1.123.1 24
Dec 2 2021 20:10:54-08:00 R1 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state.
[R1]ip route-static 10.3.3.0 24 10.1.123.3
[R1]ip route-static 10.2.2.0 24 10.1.123.2
#需要和pc2、pc3通信分清目標(biāo)主機(jī)IP地址段和需要經(jīng)過的路段是多少

R2配置命令

system-view
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sysname R2
[R2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 10.1.123.2 24
Dec 2 2021 20:11:54-08:00 R2 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2 has entered the UP state.
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]q
[R2]int GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 10.2.2.254 24
Dec 2 2021 20:12:13-08:00 R2 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state.
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[R2]ip route-static 10.1.1.0 24 10.1.123.1
#pc2進(jìn)行reply的目標(biāo)主機(jī)段和需要經(jīng)過的路段

R3配置命令

system-view
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sysname R3
[R3]int g
[R3]int GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 10.3.3.254 24
Dec 2 2021 20:12:50-08:00 R3 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state.
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[R3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 10.1.123.3 24
Dec 2 2021 20:13:14-08:00 R3 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state.
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[R3]ip route-static 10.1.1.0 24 10.1.123.1
#pc3reply的目標(biāo)主機(jī)段和需要經(jīng)過的地址段

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