一、窗體類

在Visual Studio和Expression Blend中，自定義的窗體均繼承System.Windows.Window類（類型化窗體）。定義的窗體由兩部分組成：

1、XAML文件

1: <Window 2: xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" 3: xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" 4: x:Class="WpfWindow.BasicWindow" 5: x:Name="Window" 6: Title="BasicWindow" 7: Width="300" Height="200"> 8: <Canvas> 9: <Button x:Name="btnMessage" Width="79" Height="24" Content="OK" 10: Canvas.Left="172" Canvas.Top="93" Click="btnMessage_Click"/> 11: <TextBox x:Name="txtValue" Width="215" Height="25" 12: Canvas.Left="36" Canvas.Top="48" Text="" TextWrapping="Wrap"/> 13: </Canvas> 14: </Window>

2、后臺代碼文件

1: using System; 2: using System.Windows; 3: 4: namespace WpfWindow 5: { 6: public partial class BasicWindow : Window 7: { 8: public BasicWindow() 9: { 10: this.InitializeComponent(); 11: } 12: 13: private void btnMessage_Click(object sender, System.Windows.RoutedEventArgs e) 14: { 15: txtValue.Text = "Hello World"; 16: } 17: } 18: }

也可以將后臺代碼放在XAML文件中，上面的例子可以改寫為：

1: <Window 2: xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" 3: xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" 4: x:Class="WpfWindow.BasicWindow" 5: x:Name="Window" 6: Title="BasicWindow" 7: Width="300" Height="200"> 8: <Canvas> 9: <Button x:Name="btnMessage" Width="79" Height="24" Content="OK" 10: Canvas.Left="172" Canvas.Top="93" Click="btnMessage_Click"/> 11: <x:Code><![CDATA[ 12: void btnMessage_Click(object sender, System.Windows.RoutedEventArgs e) 13: { 14: txtValue.Text = "Hello World"; 15: } 16: ]]> 17: </x:Code> 18: <TextBox x:Name="txtValue" Width="215" Height="25" 19: Canvas.Left="36" Canvas.Top="48" Text="" TextWrapping="Wrap"/> 20: </Canvas> 21: </Window>

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二、窗體的生存周期

1、顯示窗體

• 構造方法
• Show()、ShowDialog()方法：Show()方法顯示非模態窗口，ShowDialog()方法顯示模態窗口
• Loaded事件：窗體第一次Show()或ShowDialog()時引發的事件，通常在此事件中加載窗體的初始化數據

2、關閉窗體

• Close()方法：關閉窗體，并釋放窗體的資源
• Closing事件、Closed事件：關閉時、關閉后引發的事件，通常在Closing事件中提示用戶是否退出。

3、窗體的激活

• Activate()方法：激活某窗體
• Activated、Deactivated事件：當窗體激動、失去焦點時引發的事件

4、窗體的生存周期

示例程序：

• 在窗體載入時顯示當前日期，并開始播放媒體
• 當窗體失去焦點時暫停播放媒體
• 當窗體重新獲得焦點時繼承播放窗體
• 當點擊窗體的關閉按鈕時，詢問用戶是否退出應用程序

XAML文件：

1: <Window x:Class="WpfWindow.WindowLifeCycle" 2: xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" 3: xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" 4: Title="WindowLifeCycle" Height="200" Width="300" 5: Loaded="Window_Loaded" 6: Activated="Window_Activated" 7: Deactivated="Window_Deactivated" 8: Closing="Window_Closing"> 9: <Canvas> 10: <TextBlock Canvas.Right="15" Canvas.Bottom="15" Height="21" Name="txtDate"/> 11: <MediaElement Canvas.Left="89" Canvas.Top="12" Height="100" Width="100" 12: Name="myMedia" Source="numbers.wmv" 13: Stretch="Fill" LoadedBehavior="Manual" /> 14: </Canvas> 15: </Window>

代碼文件：

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1: using System; 2: using System.Windows; 3: 4: namespace WpfWindow 5: { 6: public partial class WindowLifeCycle : Window 7: { 8: public WindowLifeCycle() 9: { 10: InitializeComponent(); 11: } 12: 13: // 開關變量，判斷是否正在播放媒體 14: private bool isPlaying; 15: 16: private void Window_Loaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) 17: { 18: // 窗體加載時，顯示當前日期及開始播放媒體 19: txtDate.Text = DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd"); 20: 21: myMedia.Play(); 22: isPlaying = true; 23: } 24: 25: private void Window_Activated(object sender, EventArgs e) 26: { 27: // 如果窗體被激活，則繼承播放媒體 28: if (!isPlaying) 29: { 30: myMedia.Play(); 31: isPlaying = true; 32: } 33: } 34: 35: private void Window_Deactivated(object sender, EventArgs e) 36: { 37: // 如果窗體失去焦點，則暫停播放媒體 38: if (isPlaying) 39: { 40: myMedia.Pause(); 41: isPlaying = false; 42: } 43: } 44: 45: private void Window_Closing(object sender, System.ComponentModel.CancelEventArgs e) 46: { 47: // 點擊窗體的“關閉”按鈕，詢問用戶是否退出程序 48: 49: string message = "Quit the application?"; 50: string title = "System Information"; 51: MessageBoxButton button = MessageBoxButton.OKCancel; 52: MessageBoxImage img = MessageBoxImage.Question; 53: 54: MessageBoxResult result = MessageBox.Show( 55: message, title, button, img); 56: 57: if (result == MessageBoxResult.Cancel) 58: { 59: e.Cancel = true; // 取消退出 60: } 61: } 62: } 63: }

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三、其他窗體相關的屬性、方法、事件

WPF窗體的詳細的屬性、方法、事件請參考MSDN，有很多的屬性、方法、事件與Windows應用程序中System.Windows.Forms.Form類相同或近似，其中常用的一些屬性、方法、事件有：

• 窗體邊框模式（WindowStyle屬性）和是否允許更改窗體大小（ResizeMode屬性）
• 窗體啟動位置（WindowStartupLocation屬性）和啟動狀態（WindowState屬性）
• 窗體標題（Title屬性）
• 始終在最前（TopMost屬性）
• 是否顯示在任務欄（ShowInTaskbar）

四、定義異形窗體

使用異形窗體，可以將窗體的背景設置為透明，邊框設置為空，然后利用控件做出異形的窗體，例如：

XAML：

1: <Window x:Class="WpfWindow.CustomerWindow" 2: xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" 3: xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" 4: Title="NonRectangularWindowSample" SizeToContent="WidthAndHeight" 5: MouseLeftButtonDown="NonRectangularWindow_MouseLeftButtonDown" 6: WindowStyle="None" 7: AllowsTransparency="True" 8: Background="Transparent"> 9: <Canvas Width="200" Height="200" > 10: <Path Stroke="DarkGray" StrokeThickness="2"> 11: <Path.Fill> 12: <LinearGradientBrush StartPoint="0.2,0" EndPoint="0.8,1" > 13: <GradientStop Color="White" Offset="0"></GradientStop> 14: <GradientStop Color="White" Offset="0.45"></GradientStop> 15: <GradientStop Color="LightBlue" Offset="0.9"></GradientStop> 16: <GradientStop Color="Gray" Offset="1"></GradientStop> 17: </LinearGradientBrush> 18: </Path.Fill> 19: <Path.Data> 20: <PathGeometry> 21: <PathFigure StartPoint="40,20" IsClosed="True"> 22: <LineSegment Point="160,20"></LineSegment> 23: <ArcSegment Point="180,40" Size="20,20" SweepDirection="Clockwise"></ArcSegment> 24: <LineSegment Point="180,80"></LineSegment> 25: <ArcSegment Point="160,100" Size="20,20" SweepDirection="Clockwise"></ArcSegment> 26: <LineSegment Point="90,100"></LineSegment> 27: <LineSegment Point="90,150"></LineSegment> 28: <LineSegment Point="60,100"></LineSegment> 29: <LineSegment Point="40,100"></LineSegment> 30: <ArcSegment Point="20,80" Size="20,20" SweepDirection="Clockwise"></ArcSegment> 31: <LineSegment Point="20,40"></LineSegment> 32: <ArcSegment Point="40,20" Size="20,20" SweepDirection="Clockwise"></ArcSegment> 33: </PathFigure> 34: </PathGeometry> 35: </Path.Data> 36: </Path> 37: <Label Width="200" Height="120" FontSize="15" HorizontalContentAlignment="Center" VerticalContentAlignment="Center">Drag Me</Label> 38: <Button Canvas.Left="155" Canvas.Top="30" Click="closeButtonRectangle_Click"> 39: <Button.Template> 40: <ControlTemplate> 41: <Canvas> 42: <Rectangle Width="15" Height="15" Stroke="Black" RadiusX="3" RadiusY="3"> 43: <Rectangle.Fill> 44: <SolidColorBrush x:Name="myAnimatedBrush" Color="Red" /> 45: </Rectangle.Fill> 46: </Rectangle> 47: <Line X1="3" Y1="3" X2="12" Y2="12" Stroke="White" StrokeThickness="2"></Line> 48: <Line X1="12" Y1="3" X2="3" Y2="12" Stroke="White" StrokeThickness="2"></Line> 49: </Canvas> 50: </ControlTemplate> 51: </Button.Template> 52: </Button> 53: </Canvas> 54: </Window>

代碼文件：

1: using System.Windows; 2: using System.Windows.Input; 3: 4: namespace WpfWindow 5: { 6: public partial class CustomerWindow : Window 7: { 8: public CustomerWindow() 9: { 10: InitializeComponent(); 11: } 12: 13: void NonRectangularWindow_MouseLeftButtonDown(object sender, MouseButtonEventArgs e) 14: { 15: this.DragMove(); 16: } 17: 18: void closeButtonRectangle_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) 19: { 20: this.Close(); 21: } 22: } 23: }

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轉載于:https://www.cnblogs.com/J-FoX/archive/2012/06/07/2539959.html

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