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实战演示 bacula 软件备份功能
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原文地址：http://www.linuxde.net/2012/04/9734.html
??? 一、實例演示bacula的完全備份功能
??? 1．創建卷組
??? 執行如下命令，連接到bacula控制端，執行備份恢復操作：
[root@baculaserver?opt]#/opt/bacula/sbin/bconsole???Connecting?to?Director?192.168.12.188:9101?1000?OK:?f10-64-build-dir?Version:?3.0.2?(18?July?2009)?Enter?a?period?to?cancel?a?command?*label?Automatically?selected?Storage:?dbsd??Enter?new?Volume?name:?cicro4?#卷組名稱，可隨意指定，指定完畢后會在?#bacula-dir.conf文件的指定位置生成一個cicro4文件?Defined?Pools:?1:?dbpool?2:?Scratch?Select?the?Pool?(1-2):?1?#指定卷組的放置位置，即為SD名稱。?#Dbpool在bacula-dir.conf中定義?Connecting?to?Storage?daemon?dbsd?at?192.168.12.188:9103?...?#由于指定SD在?#192.168.12.188主機上，因此將卷cicro4創建到了此主機上?Sending?label?command?for?Volume?"cicro4"?Slot?0?...?3000?OK?label.?VolBytes=191?DVD=0?Volume="cicro4"?Device="dbdev"?(/cicro/backup2)?Catalog?record?for?Volume?"cicro4",?Slot?0?successfully?created.?Requesting?to?mount?dbdev?...?3906?File?device?"dbdev"?(/cicro/backup2)?is?always?mounted.? ??? 2．利用run命令執行備份操作
下面繼續在bacula控制端執行備份操作：
*run?A?job?name?must?be?specified.?The?defined?Job?resources?are:?1:?Client1?#這里的Client1?是在bacula-dir.conf中定義的一個Job執行任務?2:?Client?#這里的Client?也是在bacula-dir.conf中定義的一個Job執行任務?3:?BackupCatalog?4:?RestoreFiles?Select?Job?resource?(1-2):?1?Run?Backup?job?JobName:?Client1?Level:?Incremental?Client:?dbfd?FileSet:?dbfs?Pool:?dbpool?(From?Job?resource)?Storage:?dbsd?(From?Job?resource)?When:?2009-08-21?13:40:13?Priority:?10?OK?to?run??(yes/mod/no):?yes?Job?queued.?JobId=67?? ??? 到此為止，可以開始執行備份，在bacula-dir.conf文件中定義的Client1是一個增量備份，因此這個備份只是個增量操作。由于這是第一個備份，因此默認Client1會做一個完全備，第二次備份時，才執行增量備份。
??? 3．查看備份狀態
??? 在bacula控制端利用“status”可以查看bacula的各種狀態，這里查看備份時Director端的一個狀態信息。
*status?Status?available?for:?1:?Director?2:?Storage?3:?Client?4:?All?Select?daemon?type?for?status?(1-4):?1?f10-64-build-dir?Version:?3.0.2?(18?July?2009)?x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu?redhat?Daemon?started?21-Aug-09?13:22,?0?Jobs?run?since?started.?Heap:?heap=241,664?smbytes=82,242?max_bytes=82,498?bufs=245?max_bufs=250??Scheduled?Jobs:?Level?Type?Pri?Scheduled?Name?Volume?===============================================================================?Incremental?Backup?10?21-Aug-09?23:05?Client1?cicro4?Running?Jobs:?Console?connected?at?21-Aug-09?13:37?JobId?Level?Name?Status?======================================================================?67?Full?Client1.2009-08-21_13.40.16_07?is?running? ??? 由此可知，備份正在進行，備份完成再次查看備份信息，輸出如下：
*status?Status?available?for:?1:?Director?2:?Storage?3:?Client?4:?All?Select?daemon?type?for?status?(1-4):?1? ??? 由于這里bacula將備份的存儲端(SD)和控制端（DIR）設置在一臺服務器上，因此可以通過選項1“Director”來查看SD的狀態，如果SD端和DIR端不在一臺服務器上，要查看選項2，即“Storage”。這里選擇選項1r后輸出內容如下：
f10-64-build-dir?Version:?3.0.2?(18?July?2009)?x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu?redhat?Daemon?started?21-Aug-09?13:22,?1?Job?run?since?started.?Heap:?heap=241,664?smbytes=73,891?max_bytes=84,825?bufs=212?max_bufs=250??Scheduled?Jobs:?Level?Type?Pri?Scheduled?Name?Volume?===============================================================================?Incremental?Backup?10?21-Aug-09?23:05?Client1?cicro4??Running?Jobs:?Console?connected?at?21-Aug-09?13:42?No?Jobs?running.?Terminated?Jobs:?JobId?Level?Files?Bytes?Status?Finished?Name?====================================================================?58?Incr?2?46.85?M?OK?19-Aug-09?16:51?Client1?59?Incr?2?3.908?M?OK?19-Aug-09?16:51?Client1?60?Incr?2?8.377?K?OK?19-Aug-09?16:52?Client1?61?Incr?1?0?OK?19-Aug-09?16:53?Client1?62?Incr?2?8.344?K?OK?19-Aug-09?16:53?Client1?63?Incr?2?8.377?K?OK?19-Aug-09?16:54?Client1?64?3?77.44?K?OK?19-Aug-09?16:57?RestoreFiles?65?1?0?OK?19-Aug-09?16:58?RestoreFiles?66?2?38.77?K?OK?19-Aug-09?16:59?RestoreFiles?67?Full?25?145.5?M?OK?21-Aug-09?13:41?Client1?? ??? 這里可以看到，JobId為67的備份是一個完全備份，備份數據的文件數為25個，備份壓縮后的大小為145.5MB，備份完成在“21-Aug-09 13:41”，最后的Client1是備份資源的名稱。
??? 二、實例演示bacula的增量備份功能
??? 在上面的操作中，設定的備份資源Job本身就是一個增量備份，下面執行的備份操作與上面完全相同，不同的是，這里是第二次備份，bacula會按照設定執行增量備份，操作如下代碼清單如下所示。 ?執行增量備份
*?run?Automatically?selected?Catalog:?MyCatalog?Using?Catalog?"MyCatalog"?A?job?name?must?be?specified.?The?defined?Job?resources?are:?1:?Client1?2:?Client?3:?BackupCatalog?4:?RestoreFiles?Select?Job?resource?(1-2):?1?Run?Backup?job?JobName:?Client1?Level:?Incremental?Client:?dbfd?FileSet:?dbfs?Pool:?dbpool?(From?Job?resource)?Storage:?dbsd?(From?Job?resource)?When:?2009-08-21?14:20:24?Priority:?10?OK?to?run??(yes/mod/no):?yes?Job?queued.?JobId=68?*status?Status?available?for:?1:?Director?2:?Storage?3:?Client?4:?All?Select?daemon?type?for?status?(1-4):?1?f10-64-build-dir?Version:?3.0.2?(18?July?2009)?x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu?redhat?Daemon?started?21-Aug-09?13:22,?2?Jobs?run?since?started.?Heap:?heap=241,664?smbytes=84,576?max_bytes=97,749?bufs=218?max_bufs=252??Scheduled?Jobs:?Level?Type?Pri?Scheduled?Name?Volume?===============================================================================?Incremental?Backup?10?21-Aug-09?23:05?Client1?cicro4??Running?Jobs:?Console?connected?at?21-Aug-09?14:19?No?Jobs?running.??Terminated?Jobs:?JobId?Level?Files?Bytes?Status?Finished?Name?====================================================================?59?Incr?2?3.908?M?OK?19-Aug-09?16:51?Client1?60?Incr?2?8.377?K?OK?19-Aug-09?16:52?Client1?61?Incr?1?0?OK?19-Aug-09?16:53?Client1?62?Incr?2?8.344?K?OK?19-Aug-09?16:53?Client1?63?Incr?2?8.377?K?OK?19-Aug-09?16:54?Client1?64?3?77.44?K?OK?19-Aug-09?16:57?RestoreFiles?65?1?0?OK?19-Aug-09?16:58?RestoreFiles?66?2?38.77?K?OK?19-Aug-09?16:59?RestoreFiles?67?Full?25?145.5?M?OK?21-Aug-09?13:41?Client1?68?Incr?2?3.908?M?OK?21-Aug-09?14:20?Client1?? ??? 從最后的備份列表可以看出，系統進行了增量備份，“3.908 M”就是上次備份與這次備份之間的數據增加量。而JobId =68這個備份的Level級別為Incr也說明了此次備份為增量備份。
??? 三、實例演示bacula的差異備份功能
??? 差異備份與增量備份的原理，前面已經介紹過了，這里只給出具體的操作步驟。
??? 1．開始執行備份
*run?Automatically?selected?Catalog:?MyCatalog?Using?Catalog?"MyCatalog"?A?job?name?must?be?specified.?The?defined?Job?resources?are:?1:?Client1?2:?Client?3:?BackupCatalog?4:?RestoreFiles?Select?Job?resource?(1-4):?2?#這里有兩個Job任務可選，名為Client1的為增量?#備份操作，名為Client的為差異備份操作?Run?Backup?job?JobName:?Client?Level:?Differential?Client:?dbfd?FileSet:?dbfs?Pool:?dbpool?(From?Job?resource)?Storage:?dbsd?(From?Job?resource)?When:?2009-08-21?14:31:04?Priority:?10?OK?to?run??(yes/mod/no):?yes?Job?queued.?JobId=69?You?have?messages.? ??? 至此，開始執行差異備份，如果備份的數據量較大，可能需要一段時間才能完成備份。下面可以用“status”指令查看備份的狀態。
??? 2．查看備份狀態
*status?Status?available?for:?1:?Director?2:?Storage?3:?Client?4:?All?Select?daemon?type?for?status?(1-4):?1?f10-64-build-dir?Version:?3.0.2?(18?July?2009)?x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu?redhat?Daemon?started?21-Aug-09?14:30,?0?Jobs?run?since?started.?Heap:?heap=253,952?smbytes=67,810?max_bytes=68,066?bufs=267?max_bufs=272??Scheduled?Jobs:?Level?Type?Pri?Scheduled?Name?Volume?===========================================================================?Incremental?Backup?10?21-Aug-09?23:05?Client1?cicro4?Incremental?Backup?10?21-Aug-09?23:05?Client?cicro4?Incremental?Backup?10?21-Aug-09?23:05?BackupCatalog?cicro4??Running?Jobs:?Console?connected?at?21-Aug-09?14:30?JobId?Level?Name?Status?======================================================================?69?Full?Client.2009-08-21_14.31.10_03?is?running?Terminated?Jobs:?JobId?Level?Files?Bytes?Status?Finished?Name?====================================================================?59?Incr?2?3.908?M?OK?19-Aug-09?16:51?Client1?60?Incr?2?8.377?K?OK?19-Aug-09?16:52?Client1?61?Incr?1?0?OK?19-Aug-09?16:53?Client1?62?Incr?2?8.344?K?OK?19-Aug-09?16:53?Client1?63?Incr?2?8.377?K?OK?19-Aug-09?16:54?Client1?64?3?77.44?K?OK?19-Aug-09?16:57?RestoreFiles?65?1?0?OK?19-Aug-09?16:58?RestoreFiles?66?2?38.77?K?OK?19-Aug-09?16:59?RestoreFiles?67?Full?25?145.5?M?OK?21-Aug-09?13:41?Client1?68?Incr?2?3.908?M?OK?21-Aug-09?14:20?Client1? ??? 從上面可以看到，備份還沒有完成，備份狀態為running。等待幾分鐘，再次查看備份狀態如下：
*?status?Status?available?for:?1:?Director?2:?Storage?3:?Client?4:?All?Select?daemon?type?for?status?(1-4):?1?f10-64-build-dir?Version:?3.0.2?(18?July?2009)?x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu?redhat?Daemon?started?21-Aug-09?14:30,?1?Job?run?since?started.?Heap:?heap=253,952?smbytes=65,680?max_bytes=78,853?bufs=240?max_bufs=274??Scheduled?Jobs:?Level?Type?Pri?Scheduled?Name?Volume?==========================================================================?Incremental?Backup?10?21-Aug-09?23:05?Client1?cicro4?Incremental?Backup?10?21-Aug-09?23:05?Client?cicro4?Incremental?Backup?10?21-Aug-09?23:05?BackupCatalog?cicro4??Running?Jobs:?Console?connected?at?21-Aug-09?14:30?No?Jobs?running.??Terminated?Jobs:?JobId?Level?Files?Bytes?Status?Finished?Name?====================================================================?60?Incr?2?8.377?K?OK?19-Aug-09?16:52?Client1?61?Incr?1?0?OK?19-Aug-09?16:53?Client1?62?Incr?2?8.344?K?OK?19-Aug-09?16:53?Client1?63?Incr?2?8.377?K?OK?19-Aug-09?16:54?Client1?64?3?77.44?K?OK?19-Aug-09?16:57?RestoreFiles?65?1?0?OK?19-Aug-09?16:58?RestoreFiles?66?2?38.77?K?OK?19-Aug-09?16:59?RestoreFiles?67?Full?25?145.5?M?OK?21-Aug-09?13:41?Client1?68?Incr?2?3.908?M?OK?21-Aug-09?14:20?Client1?69?Full?26?149.4?M?OK?21-Aug-09?14:32?Client? ??? 從這里可以看到，JobId為69的備份已經完成，并且是一個完全備份，備份文件大小為149.4MB，而完成此差異備份的Job任務名稱是Client。
??? 3．繼續執行備份操作
??? 在執行下面的操作前，首先在客戶端FD需要備份的文件夾下（根據前面的配置可知，應該是/cws3）增加一個大小為3.8MB左右的文件。
*?run?A?job?name?must?be?specified.?The?defined?Job?resources?are:?1:?Client1?2:?Client?3:?BackupCatalog?4:?RestoreFiles?Select?Job?resource?(1-4):?2?Run?Backup?job?JobName:?Client?Level:?Differential?Client:?dbfd?FileSet:?dbfs?Pool:?dbpool?(From?Job?resource)?Storage:?dbsd?(From?Job?resource)?When:?2009-08-21?14:34:25?Priority:?10?OK?to?run??(yes/mod/no):?yes?Job?queued.?JobId=70?*status?Status?available?for:?1:?Director?2:?Storage?3:?Client?4:?All?Select?daemon?type?for?status?(1-4):?1?f10-64-build-dir?Version:?3.0.2?(18?July?2009)?x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu?redhat?Daemon?started?21-Aug-09?14:30,?2?Jobs?run?since?started.?Heap:?heap=253,952?smbytes=67,989?max_bytes=81,162?bufs=240?max_bufs=274??Scheduled?Jobs:?Level?Type?Pri?Scheduled?Name?Volume?===========================================================================?Incremental?Backup?10?21-Aug-09?23:05?Client1?cicro4?Incremental?Backup?10?21-Aug-09?23:05?Client?cicro4?Incremental?Backup?10?21-Aug-09?23:05?BackupCatalog?cicro4??Running?Jobs:?Console?connected?at?21-Aug-09?14:30?No?Jobs?running.??Terminated?Jobs:?JobId?Level?Files?Bytes?Status?Finished?Name?====================================================================?61?Incr?1?0?OK?19-Aug-09?16:53?Client1?62?Incr?2?8.344?K?OK?19-Aug-09?16:53?Client1?63?Incr?2?8.377?K?OK?19-Aug-09?16:54?Client1?64?3?77.44?K?OK?19-Aug-09?16:57?RestoreFiles?65?1?0?OK?19-Aug-09?16:58?RestoreFiles?66?2?38.77?K?OK?19-Aug-09?16:59?RestoreFiles?67?Full?25?145.5?M?OK?21-Aug-09?13:41?Client1?68?Incr?2?3.908?M?OK?21-Aug-09?14:20?Client1?69?Full?26?149.4?M?OK?21-Aug-09?14:32?Client?70?Diff?2?3.908?M?OK?21-Aug-09?14:34?Client?? ??? 從JobId為70的備份信息可以看出，此備份為差異增量備份，此次進行差異備份的數據量大小剛好為3.908 MB，與前面增加的文件大小基本相同。 為了證明是前面執行的是差異增量備份，在FD端需要備份的文件夾下再次增加一個大小為3.8MB左右的一個文件，繼續執行以下備份操作：
*run?A?job?name?must?be?specified.?The?defined?Job?resources?are:?1:?Client1?2:?Client?3:?BackupCatalog?4:?RestoreFiles?Select?Job?resource?(1-4):?2?Run?Backup?job?JobName:?Client?Level:?Differential?Client:?dbfd?FileSet:?dbfs?Pool:?dbpool?(From?Job?resource)?Storage:?dbsd?(From?Job?resource)?When:?2009-08-21?14:34:59?Priority:?10?OK?to?run??(yes/mod/no):?yes?Job?queued.?JobId=71?*status?Status?available?for:?1:?Director?2:?Storage?3:?Client?4:?All?Select?daemon?type?for?status?(1-4):?1?f10-64-build-dir?Version:?3.0.2?(18?July?2009)?x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu?redhat?Daemon?started?21-Aug-09?14:30,?3?Jobs?run?since?started.?Heap:?heap=253,952?smbytes=69,087?max_bytes=82,260?bufs=240?max_bufs=274??Scheduled?Jobs:?Level?Type?Pri?Scheduled?Name?Volume?===========================================================================?Incremental?Backup?10?21-Aug-09?23:05?Client1?cicro4?Incremental?Backup?10?21-Aug-09?23:05?Client?cicro4?Incremental?Backup?10?21-Aug-09?23:05?BackupCatalog?cicro4??Running?Jobs:?Console?connected?at?21-Aug-09?14:30?No?Jobs?running.??Terminated?Jobs:?JobId?Level?Files?Bytes?Status?Finished?Name?====================================================================?62?Incr?2?8.344?K?OK?19-Aug-09?16:53?Client1?63?Incr?2?8.377?K?OK?19-Aug-09?16:54?Client1?64?3?77.44?K?OK?19-Aug-09?16:57?RestoreFiles?65?1?0?OK?19-Aug-09?16:58?RestoreFiles?66?2?38.77?K?OK?19-Aug-09?16:59?RestoreFiles?67?Full?25?145.5?M?OK?21-Aug-09?13:41?Client1?68?Incr?2?3.908?M?OK?21-Aug-09?14:20?Client1?69?Full?26?149.4?M?OK?21-Aug-09?14:32?Client?70?Diff?2?3.908?M?OK?21-Aug-09?14:34?Client?71?Diff?3?7.817?M?OK?21-Aug-09?14:35?Client?? ??? 由JobId為71的備份可以看出，此次備份的大小為7.817 M，剛好是上次差異增量備份的大小與此次增加文件的大小之和，由此證明確實為差異備份。 第三次在FD端需要備份的文件夾下增加一個大小為3.8M左右的一個文件，繼續執行備份操作：
*run?A?job?name?must?be?specified.?The?defined?Job?resources?are:?1:?Client1?2:?Client?3:?BackupCatalog?4:?RestoreFiles?Select?Job?resource?(1-4):?2?Run?Backup?job?JobName:?Client?Level:?Differential?Client:?dbfd?FileSet:?dbfs?Pool:?dbpool?(From?Job?resource)?Storage:?dbsd?(From?Job?resource)?When:?2009-08-21?14:35:32?Priority:?10?OK?to?run??(yes/mod/no):?yes?Job?queued.?JobId=72?*status?Status?available?for:?1:?Director?2:?Storage?3:?Client?4:?All?Select?daemon?type?for?status?(1-4):?1?f10-64-build-dir?Version:?3.0.2?(18?July?2009)?x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu?redhat?Daemon?started?21-Aug-09?14:30,?4?Jobs?run?since?started.?Heap:?heap=253,952?smbytes=69,087?max_bytes=82,260?bufs=240?max_bufs=274??Scheduled?Jobs:?Level?Type?Pri?Scheduled?Name?Volume?===========================================================================?Incremental?Backup?10?21-Aug-09?23:05?Client1?cicro4?Incremental?Backup?10?21-Aug-09?23:05?Client?cicro4?Incremental?Backup?10?21-Aug-09?23:05?BackupCatalog?cicro4??Running?Jobs:?Console?connected?at?21-Aug-09?14:30?No?Jobs?running.??Terminated?Jobs:?JobId?Level?Files?Bytes?Status?Finished?Name?====================================================================?63?Incr?2?8.377?K?OK?19-Aug-09?16:54?Client1?64?3?77.44?K?OK?19-Aug-09?16:57?RestoreFiles?65?1?0?OK?19-Aug-09?16:58?RestoreFiles?66?2?38.77?K?OK?19-Aug-09?16:59?RestoreFiles?67?Full?25?145.5?M?OK?21-Aug-09?13:41?Client1?68?Incr?2?3.908?M?OK?21-Aug-09?14:20?Client1?69?Full?26?149.4?M?OK?21-Aug-09?14:32?Client?70?Diff?2?3.908?M?OK?21-Aug-09?14:34?Client?71?Diff?3?7.817?M?OK?21-Aug-09?14:35?Client?72?Diff?4?11.72?M?OK?21-Aug-09?14:35?Client?? ??? 第三次執行備份，從JobId為72的備份可以很清楚地看出差異備份與增量備份的差別。
轉載于:https://blog.51cto.com/abian/1087690
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