abaqus 不收敛问题
背景介紹
??有限元分析的過程主要包括復雜模型建立、網格劃分、材料賦予、邊界條件設立以及外載荷添加等,在完成有限元模擬前處理過程后提交任務進行計算,有的時候會出現不收斂問題,常常讓人很頭大,這個時候應該如何來解決呢?
解決辦法
??不收斂的種類:(1)提交任務后第一步就開始就出現不收斂問題,一般情況下是有限元模擬前處理過程中存在部分問題,這種不收斂性比較好解決,可能的原因有:邊界條件問題(約束不足、接觸屬性定義相關問題等)以及材料參數設置問題(在材料屬性以及相關參數定義時單位沒有統一,引起初始荷載過大等問題);(2)隨著載荷步增量的不斷增加,在中途出現不收斂問題,這一部分就需要根據已有的計算結果和模型進行判斷,根據以往的相關經驗,采用有限元方法模擬試件斷裂、材料軟化、屈曲以及頸縮等問題時容易出現此種不收斂問題,一般情況下,單元網格劃分方法、單元選擇以及材料相關參數選用都對收斂性具有影響,有的時候需要引入相應的阻尼使得模型收斂,具體方法見下文;(3)隨著加載的進行,局部出現畸變單元引起計算終止,通常需要網格重劃分獲得更好的網格質量、調整網格類型或采用其他大變形計算方法(ALE、CEL、SPH等)進行控制。
??阻尼的添加方式主要由:(1)單元引入阻尼;(2)分析歩引入阻尼。
??1、inp文件添加載荷步阻尼:
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*Static, stabilize=0.0002, allsdtol=0.05, continue=NO
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*Static, stabilize, factor=0.0002, allsdtol=0, continue=NO
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*Static, stabilize, allsdtol=0.05, continue=YES
??2、inp文件添加單元阻尼:
- *Solid Section, elset=Set-1, controls=EC-1, material=Material-1*Section Controls, name=EC-1, VISCOSITY=0.011., 1., 1.
機理分析
??在涉及不收斂問題時,有的時候要了解非線性有限元(ABAQUS)的求解過程,為深入了解不收斂的本質提供基礎:
??1、有限元何時算收斂:For the body to be in equilibrium, the net force acting at every node must be zero. Therefore, the basic statement of equilibrium is that the internal forces, I, and the external forces, P, must balance each other:
P-I=0
??In a nonlinear problem Ra will never be exactly zero, so Abaqus/Standard compares it to a tolerance value, If Ra=P-Ia is less than this force residual tolerance at all nodes, Abaqus/Standard accepts the solution as being in equilibrium. By default, this tolerance value is set to 0.5% of an average force in the structure, averaged over time.
??However, before Abaqus/Standard accepts the solution, it also checks that the last displacement correction, is small relative to the total incremental displacement, If is greater than a fraction (1% by default) of the incremental displacement, Abaqus/Standard performs another iteration. Both convergence checks must be satisfied before a solution is said to have converged for that time increment.
??If the solution from an iteration is not converged, Abaqus/Standard performs another iteration to try to bring the internal and external forces into balance. First, Abaqus/Standard forms the new stiffness, Kafor the structure based on the updated configuration, ua, This stiffness, together with the residual, Ra determines another displacement correction, cb, that brings the system closer to equilibrium.
附:非線性方程的求解方法
總結
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