虚拟化工具Xen的安装配置详解
上一篇介紹了虛擬化的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí);這里來介紹具體的虛擬化工具的配置使用:
一、Xen的安裝配置詳解:
1、配置yum源
http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6.5/xen4/x86_64/ ????163或其他yum源
#?cat?/etc/yum.repos.d/xen4.repo? [Xen4] name=Xen4?project #baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/6/xen4/x86_64/ baseurl=ftp://172.16.0.1/pub/Sources/6.x86_64/xen4/x86_64????????#這里使用的是本地yum源 gpgcheck=0 cost=5002、配置好查看:
注意查看kernel的版本;3.10測(cè)試是無法啟動(dòng)的;需要低于3.10版本。建議安裝時(shí)直接指定內(nèi)核。
3、安裝完成后修改grub文件。
#?yum?-y?install?xen?kernel-3.4.61?kernel-firmware-3.4.61 #?vim?/boot/grub/grub.conf #注意按照以下修改 #vmlinuz和initramfs都作為xen內(nèi)核的模塊default=0 timeout=5 splashp_w_picpath=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz hiddenmenu title?CentOS?(3.4.61-9.el6.centos.alt.x86_64)root?(hd0,0)kernel?/xen.gz?dom0_mem=1024M?cpufreq=xen?dom0_max_vcpus=2?dom0_vcpus_pinmodule?/vmlinuz-3.4.61-9.el6.centos.alt.x86_64?ro?root=/dev/mapper/vg0-root?rd_NO_LUKS?rd_NO_DM?LANG=en_US.UTF-8?rd_LVM_LV=vg0/swap?rd_NO_MD?SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16?crashkernel=auto?rd_LVM_LV=vg0/root??KEYBOARDTYPE=pc?KEYTABLE=us?rhgb?crashkernel=automodule?/initramfs-3.4.61-9.el6.centos.alt.x86_64.img ....4、重啟進(jìn)入新內(nèi)核即可。
5、設(shè)置橋接網(wǎng)絡(luò);注意需要必須關(guān)閉NetworkManager和開機(jī)自啟。
#?chkconfig?NetworkManager?off #?service?NetworkManager?stop #?vim?bridge.sh #提供腳本自動(dòng)配置橋設(shè)備#!/bin/bash ip=`ifconfig?eth0?|?awk?-F?:?'/inet?addr:/{print?$2}'?|?awk?'{print?$1}'` brctl?addbr?br0 ifconfig?eth0?0?up brctl?addif?br0?eth0 ifconfig?br0?${ip}/16?up brctl?stp?br0?on如需機(jī)器重啟后還生效的需要更改配置文件:
#?cd?/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ #?cp?ifcfg-eth0?ifcfg-br0 #?vim?ifcfg-br0 DEVICE=br0 BOOTPROTO=none NM_CONTROLLED=no #需要更改no ONBOOT=yes TYPE=Bridge #首字符需大寫 IPADDR=192.168.0.114 NETMASK=255.255.0.0 GATEWAY=192.168.0.254 DNS1=172.16.0.1 IPV6INIT=no USERCTL=no#?vim?ifcfg-eth0? DEVICE=eth0 BOOTPROTO=none HWADDR=00:0c:29:f9:b3:df NM_CONTROLLED=yes ONBOOT=yes BRIDGE=br0 TYPE=Ethernet UUID="12058363-37d9-4857-8c22-0a0da4b52c88" IPV6INIT=no USERCTL=no #重啟網(wǎng)卡測(cè)試即可。二、下面創(chuàng)建一個(gè)虛擬機(jī)并安裝系統(tǒng)測(cè)試
提供initrd.img vmlinuz這兩個(gè)文件;repo鏡像文件的isolinux文件夾里
本次直接下載到root家目錄下。
1、提供配置文件
創(chuàng)建上述disk文件
#?cd?/xen/vm1/ #?dd?if=/dev/zero?of=centos6.img?oflag=direct?seek=102399?bs=1M?count=12、啟動(dòng)測(cè)試
3、安裝完成后需要先關(guān)機(jī);然后更改配置文件
#?cd?/etc/xen/ #?vim?centos6 #kernel?=?"/root/vmlinuz" #ramdisk?=?"/root/initrd.img" bootloader="/usr/bin/pygrub" #添加這行;注釋上述兩行;保存啟動(dòng)虛擬機(jī) memory?=?512 name?=?"centos6" vif?=?[?'bridge=br0'?] disk?=?[?'file:/xen/vm1/centos6.img,xvda,w'?] on_reboot="destroy"重啟后xm console centos6連接測(cè)試或者ssh遠(yuǎn)程連接測(cè)試即可。
配置好網(wǎng)關(guān)測(cè)試連接即可。
localhost.localdomain?login:? #測(cè)試可以正常啟動(dòng)登陸 CentOS?release?6.5?(Final) Kernel?2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64?on?an?x86_64 #?ifconfig?eth0?192.168.0.11/16?up-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
三、基礎(chǔ)工具使用
1、vnc使用說明
安裝vnc;遠(yuǎn)程桌面連接:
創(chuàng)建vnc安裝格式:
創(chuàng)建配置文件:
#?vim?rhel6? kernel="/root/vnc/vmlinuz" ramdisk="/root/vnc/initrd.img" vcpus=2 memory=512 name="rhel6" disk=['file:/xen/vm3/rhel6.qcow2,xvda,w'] vif=['bridge=br0'] vfb=['vnc=1,sdl=1'] #vnc選項(xiàng);只能Dom0下使用vnc連接后啟動(dòng)當(dāng)前窗口下打開 on_reboot="destroy"#?pwd /xen/vm3 #該目錄下創(chuàng)建文件 #?qemu-img?create?-f?qcow2?-o?size=120G,preallocation=metadata?rhel6.qcow #創(chuàng)建完成后在連接Dom0的vnc下啟動(dòng)虛擬機(jī)安裝即可。2、libvirt使用方法:
安裝:
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四、xm 工具詳解
1、動(dòng)態(tài)添加磁盤
#?xm?block-list?centos6 #顯示塊設(shè)備 Vdev??BE?handle?state?evt-ch?ring-ref?BE-path 51712??0????0?????4??????8??????8?????/local/domain/0/backend/vbd/1/51712?#?xm?block-attach Error:?'xm?block-attach'?requires?between?4?and?5?arguments. Usage:?xm?block-attach?<Domain>?<BackDev>?<FrontDev>?<Mode>?[BackDomain] Create?a?new?virtual?block?device.#先創(chuàng)建一個(gè)磁盤文件: #?cd?/xen/vm1/ #?ls?-lh total?3.3G -rw-r--r--?1?root?root?100G?May?22?10:30?centos6.img #?qemu-img?create?-f?qcow?-o?size=10G?test.qcow Formatting?'test.qcow',?fmt=qcow?size=10737418240?encryption=off? [root@node4?vm1]#?ls?-lh total?3.3G -rw-r--r--?1?root?root?100G?May?22?10:32?centos6.img -rw-r--r--?1?root?root??41K?May?22?10:32?test.qcow#?xm?block-attach?centos6?file:/xen/vm1/test.qcow?xvdb?w #添加 #?xm?block-list?centos6 Vdev??BE?handle?state?evt-ch?ring-ref?BE-path 51712??0????0?????4??????8??????8?????/local/domain/0/backend/vbd/1/51712?? 51728??0????0?????4??????10?????868???/local/domain/0/backend/vbd/1/51728#?fdisk?-l?/dev/xvd[a-z]Disk?/dev/xvda:?107.4?GB,?107374182400?bytes .... Disk?/dev/xvdb:?0?MB,?40960?bytes #查看已顯示;動(dòng)態(tài)添加成功 ....2、刪除磁盤;刪除前請(qǐng)確保被刪除磁盤未被掛載使用;或者先卸載掛載使用的分區(qū):
#?xm?block-detach Error:?'xm?block-detach'?requires?between?2?and?3?arguments. Usage:?xm?block-detach?<Domain>?<DevId>?[-f|--force] Destroy?a?domain's?virtual?block?device.#?xm?block-list?centos6 Vdev??BE?handle?state?evt-ch?ring-ref?BE-path 51712??0????0?????4??????8??????8?????/local/domain/0/backend/vbd/1/51712?? 51728??0????0?????4??????10?????868???/local/domain/0/backend/vbd/1/51728? #?xm?block-detach?centos6?51728 #移除#?xm?block-list?centos6 Vdev??BE?handle?state?evt-ch?ring-ref?BE-path 51712??0????0?????4??????8??????8?????/local/domain/0/backend/vbd/1/51712? #fdisk?查看下相關(guān)命令操作都是一樣;?xm?--help-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
五、其他命令說明
save/restore:保存恢復(fù)虛擬機(jī)
#?xm?save Usage:?xm?save?[-c]?<Domain>?<CheckpointFile> Save?a?domain?state?to?restore?later.-c,?--checkpoint???????????????Leave?domain?running?after?creating??snapshot #?xm?list Name????????????????????????????????????????ID???Mem?VCPUs??????State???Time(s) Domain-0?????????????????????????????????????0???985?????2?????r-----???1298.5 centos6??????????????????????????????????????1???512?????1?????-b----?????25.0 #?xm?save?centos6?/tmp/centos.save?? #把內(nèi)存中的數(shù)據(jù)保存起來 -rwxr-xr-x?1?root?root?514M?May?22?10:56?centos.save #?xm?list Name????????????????????????????????????????ID???Mem?VCPUs??????State???Time(s) Domain-0?????????????????????????????????????0???985?????2?????r-----???1342.6#?xm?restore?/tmp/centos.save #恢復(fù) #?xm?list Name????????????????????????????????????????ID???Mem?VCPUs??????State???Time(s) Domain-0?????????????????????????????????????0???985?????2?????r-----???1401.7 centos6??????????????????????????????????????8???512?????1?????-b----??????0.0pause/unpause:暫停啟動(dòng)
#?xm?pause?centos6 #暫停 #?xm?list Name????????????????????????????????????????ID???Mem?VCPUs??????State???Time(s) Domain-0?????????????????????????????????????0???985?????2?????r-----???1404.7 centos6??????????????????????????????????????8???512?????1?????--p---??????0.5#?xm?unpause?centos6具體還需要xm?--help??查看詳細(xì)。-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
六、虛擬機(jī)的實(shí)時(shí)遷移
1、配置兩臺(tái)xen主機(jī);并修改其配置文件:
#啟動(dòng)以下選項(xiàng) #?vim?/etc/xen/xend-config.sxp (xend-relocation-server?yes) (xend-relocation-port?8002) (xend-relocation-address?'') (xend-relocation-hosts-allow?'')#?service?xend?restart #?ss?-tunl?|?grep?8002 tcp????LISTEN?????0??????5??????????????????????*:8002??????????????????*:*2、使用共享存儲(chǔ)(NFS/ISCSI)或者分布式文件系統(tǒng)
這里使用的是NFS:
#?vim?/etc/exports? /xen/vm1????????192.168.0.0/16(rw,no_root_squash)另臺(tái)Xen掛載 #?mount?-t?nfs?192.168.0.114:/xen/vm1/?/xen/vm1/3、啟動(dòng)測(cè)試:
#?xm?create?-c?centos6 #給虛擬機(jī)配置地址長(zhǎng)ping測(cè)試 #?xm?list Name????????????????????????????????????????ID???Mem?VCPUs??????State???Time(s) Domain-0?????????????????????????????????????0???512?????2?????r-----????273.1 centos6??????????????????????????????????????2???512?????1?????-b----?????12.1 #?xm?migrate #可以遷移到別的節(jié)點(diǎn) #?xm?migrate?-l?centos6?192.168.0.114 遷移到別的節(jié)點(diǎn) #?xm?list Name????????????????????????????????????????ID???Mem?VCPUs??????State???Time(s) Domain-0?????????????????????????????????????0???512?????2?????r-----????284.1#測(cè)試遷移正常;ping值也是正常未中斷 #?xm?migrate?-l?centos6?192.168.0.113 可以再遷移回來到此配置完成。
如有錯(cuò)誤;懇請(qǐng)更正。
轉(zhuǎn)載于:https://blog.51cto.com/chenpipi/1416423
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