當前位置：首頁 > 编程资源 > 编程问答 >内容正文

编程问答

Autofac详解

發布時間：2023/12/29 编程问答 41 豆豆

生活随笔收集整理的這篇文章主要介紹了 Autofac详解小編覺得挺不錯的,現在分享給大家,幫大家做個參考.

Autofac詳解

零、文章目錄

一、Autofac詳解

1、概述

Autofac是第三方IOC容器，是當前最流行的IOC容器。
功能強大，比asp.netcore內置容器強大得多，支持屬性注入和方法注入，支持AOP。
官網地址：http://autofac.org/
源碼下載地址：https://github.com/autofac/Autofac

2、快速開始

（1）Nuget引入程序包

Autofac 基于版本6.3演示，Net5

（2）容器創建對象

//創建一個容器建造者 ContainerBuilder containerBuilder = new ContainerBuilder(); //注冊普通類 containerBuilder.RegisterType<Honer>(); //build一下，得到一個容器 IContainer container = containerBuilder.Build(); //可以基于容器來獲取對象的實例 Honer phone = container.Resolve<Honer>();

3、注冊的類型

（1）注冊普通類

ContainerBuilder containerBuilder = new ContainerBuilder(); containerBuilder.RegisterType<Honer>(); IContainer container = containerBuilder.Build(); Honer phone = container.Resolve<Honer>();

（2）注冊抽象與實現

ContainerBuilder containerBuilder = new ContainerBuilder(); containerBuilder.RegisterType<Honer>().As<IPhone>(); IContainer container = containerBuilder.Build(); IPhone phone = container.Resolve<IPhone>();

（3）注冊程序集

RegisterAssemblyTypes(程序集數組)，程序集必須是public的
AsImplementedInterfaces()：表示注冊的類型，以接口的方式注冊
PropertiesAutowired()：支持屬性注入
Where：滿足條件類型注冊

var basePath = AppContext.BaseDirectory; var dll = Path.Combine(basePath, "MyAutofac.dll"); ContainerBuilder containerBuilder = new ContainerBuilder(); var assemblysServices = Assembly.LoadFrom(dll); containerBuilder.RegisterAssemblyTypes(assemblysServices).Where(t => !t.Name.EndsWith("XXX")).AsImplementedInterfaces().PropertiesAutowired(); IContainer container = containerBuilder.Build(); ITeacher teacher = container.Resolve<ITeacher>();

4、三種注入方式

（1）構造函數注入

默認支持，無法用特性進行篩選，默認選參數最多的構造函數進行注入

ContainerBuilder containerBuilder = new ContainerBuilder(); containerBuilder.RegisterType<Honer>().As<IPhone>(); containerBuilder.RegisterType<Teacher>().As<ITeacher>(); containerBuilder.RegisterType<Student>().As<IStudent>(); IContainer container = containerBuilder.Build(); ITeacher teacher = container.Resolve<ITeacher>();

（2）全部屬性注入

關鍵詞PropertiesAutowired，這個對象所有屬性全部注入

（3）標記特性的屬性注入

關鍵詞PropertiesAutowired，定義特性選擇器CustomPropertySelector

ContainerBuilder containerBuilder = new ContainerBuilder(); containerBuilder.RegisterType<Honer>().As<IPhone>(); containerBuilder.RegisterType<Teacher>().As<ITeacher>().PropertiesAutowired(new CustomPropertySelector()); containerBuilder.RegisterType<Student>().As<IStudent>(); IContainer container = containerBuilder.Build(); ITeacher teacher = container.Resolve<ITeacher>(); public class CustomPropertySelector : IPropertySelector {public bool InjectProperty(PropertyInfo propertyInfo, object instance){var flag = propertyInfo.CustomAttributes.Any(it => it.AttributeType == typeof(SelectPropAttribute));return flag;} }

（4）方法注入

關鍵詞OnActivated，指定調用方法

ContainerBuilder containerBuilder = new ContainerBuilder(); containerBuilder.RegisterType<Honer>().As<IPhone>(); containerBuilder.RegisterType<Teacher>().As<ITeacher>().OnActivated(p =>{p.Instance.SetStudent1(p.Context.Resolve<IStudent>());}); containerBuilder.RegisterType<Student>().As<IStudent>(); IContainer container = containerBuilder.Build(); ITeacher teacher = container.Resolve<ITeacher>();

5、對象生命周期

（1）瞬時生命周期

每次獲取都是全新的實例，關鍵詞InstancePerDependency，默認的生命周期

ContainerBuilder containerBuilder = new ContainerBuilder(); containerBuilder.RegisterType<Honer>().As<IPhone>().InstancePerDependency(); IContainer container = containerBuilder.Build(); IPhone phone1 = container.Resolve<IPhone>(); IPhone phone2 = container.Resolve<IPhone>(); bool isflg1 = object.ReferenceEquals(phone1, phone2); Console.WriteLine($"InstancePerDependency：phone1==phone2=>{isflg1}"); InstancePerDependency：phone1==phone2=>False

（2）單例生命周期

同一個進程內都是同一個實例，關鍵詞SingleInstance

ContainerBuilder containerBuilder = new ContainerBuilder(); containerBuilder.RegisterType<Honer>().As<IPhone>().SingleInstance(); IContainer container = containerBuilder.Build(); IPhone phone1 = container.Resolve<IPhone>(); IPhone phone2 = container.Resolve<IPhone>(); bool isflg1 = object.ReferenceEquals(phone1, phone2); Console.WriteLine($"SingleInstance：phone1==phone2=>{isflg1}"); using (var scope = container.BeginLifetimeScope()) {IPhone phone3 = scope.Resolve<IPhone>();IPhone phone4 = scope.Resolve<IPhone>();bool isflg2 = object.ReferenceEquals(phone3, phone4);Console.WriteLine($"SingleInstance：phone3==phone4=>{isflg2}");bool isflg3 = object.ReferenceEquals(phone1, phone3);Console.WriteLine($"SingleInstance：phone1==phone3=>{isflg3}"); } SingleInstance：phone1==phone2=>True SingleInstance：phone3==phone4=>True SingleInstance：phone1==phone3=>True

（3）作用域生命周期

同一個作用域內都是同一個實例，關鍵詞InstancePerLifetimeScope

ContainerBuilder containerBuilder = new ContainerBuilder(); containerBuilder.RegisterType<Honer>().As<IPhone>().InstancePerLifetimeScope(); IContainer container = containerBuilder.Build(); IPhone phone1 = container.Resolve<IPhone>(); IPhone phone2 = container.Resolve<IPhone>(); bool isflg1 = object.ReferenceEquals(phone1, phone2); Console.WriteLine($"InstancePerLifetimeScope：phone1==phone2=>{isflg1}"); IPhone phone3 = null; IPhone phone4 = null; using (var scope = container.BeginLifetimeScope()) {phone3 = scope.Resolve<IPhone>();phone4 = scope.Resolve<IPhone>();bool isflg2 = object.ReferenceEquals(phone3, phone4);Console.WriteLine($"InstancePerLifetimeScope：phone3==phone4=>{isflg2}");bool isflg3 = object.ReferenceEquals(phone1, phone3);Console.WriteLine($"InstancePerLifetimeScope：phone1==phone3=>{isflg3}"); } IPhone phone5 = null; IPhone phone6 = null; using (var scope = container.BeginLifetimeScope()) {phone5 = scope.Resolve<IPhone>();phone6 = scope.Resolve<IPhone>();bool isflg2 = object.ReferenceEquals(phone5, phone6);Console.WriteLine($"InstancePerLifetimeScope：phone5==phone6=>{isflg2}");bool isflg3 = object.ReferenceEquals(phone1, phone5);Console.WriteLine($"InstancePerLifetimeScope：phone1==phone5=>{isflg3}"); } bool isflg4 = object.ReferenceEquals(phone3, phone5); Console.WriteLine($"InstancePerLifetimeScope：phone3==phone5=>{isflg4}"); InstancePerLifetimeScope：phone1==phone2=>True InstancePerLifetimeScope：phone3==phone4=>True InstancePerLifetimeScope：phone1==phone3=>False InstancePerLifetimeScope：phone5==phone6=>True InstancePerLifetimeScope：phone1==phone5=>False InstancePerLifetimeScope：phone3==phone5=>False

（4）作用域范圍生命周期

在作用域范圍外無法創建實例，在作用域范圍里面，同一個作用域下面的對象是同一個，關鍵詞InstancePerMatchingLifetimeScope

ContainerBuilder containerBuilder = new ContainerBuilder(); containerBuilder.RegisterType<Honer>().As<IPhone>().InstancePerMatchingLifetimeScope("scope1", "scope2"); IContainer container = containerBuilder.Build(); IPhone phone1 = null; IPhone phone2 = null; using (var scope = container.BeginLifetimeScope("scope1")) {phone1 = scope.Resolve<IPhone>();phone2 = scope.Resolve<IPhone>();bool isflg1 = object.ReferenceEquals(phone1, phone2);Console.WriteLine($"InstancePerMatchingLifetimeScope：phone1==phone2=>{isflg1}"); } IPhone phone3 = null; using (var scope = container.BeginLifetimeScope("scope2")) {phone3 = scope.Resolve<IPhone>(); } IPhone phone4 = null; using (var scope = container.BeginLifetimeScope("scope2")) { phone4 = scope.Resolve<IPhone>(); } bool isflg2 = object.ReferenceEquals(phone3, phone4); Console.WriteLine($"InstancePerMatchingLifetimeScope：phone3==phone4=>{isflg2}"); bool isflg3 = object.ReferenceEquals(phone1, phone3); Console.WriteLine($"InstancePerMatchingLifetimeScope：phone1==phone3=>{isflg3}"); InstancePerMatchingLifetimeScope：phone1==phone2=>True InstancePerMatchingLifetimeScope：phone3==phone4=>False InstancePerMatchingLifetimeScope：phone1==phone3=>False

（5）一次請求同一個對象

關鍵詞InstancePerRequest，只能在web項目中調試，控制臺報錯

ContainerBuilder containerBuilder = new ContainerBuilder(); containerBuilder.RegisterType<Honer>().As<IPhone>().InstancePerRequest(); IContainer container = containerBuilder.Build(); IPhone phone1 = container.Resolve<IPhone>(); IPhone phone2 = container.Resolve<IPhone>(); bool isflg1 = object.ReferenceEquals(phone1, phone2); Console.WriteLine($"InstancePerRequest：phone1==phone2=>{isflg1}");

6、支持配置文件注冊

（1）nuget引入程序集

Autofac Autofac.Configuration Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.Json

（2）配置文件autofac.json，屬性->始終復制

{"components": [{//實現"type": "Net5.IOC.Honer,Net5.IOC",//抽象"services": [{"type": "Net5.IOC.IPhone,Net5.IOC"}],//生命周期"instanceScope": "single-instance",//屬性注入 "injectProperties": true}] }

（3）通過配置文件注冊創建對象

ContainerBuilder containerBuilder = new ContainerBuilder(); IConfigurationBuilder config = new ConfigurationBuilder(); IConfigurationSource autofacJsonConfigSource = new JsonConfigurationSource() {Path = "Autofac/autofac.json",Optional = false,//boolean,默認就是false,可不寫ReloadOnChange = true,//同上 }; config.Add(autofacJsonConfigSource); ConfigurationModule module = new ConfigurationModule(config.Build()); containerBuilder.RegisterModule(module); IContainer container = containerBuilder.Build(); IPhone phone1 = container.Resolve<IPhone>(); IPhone phone2 = container.Resolve<IPhone>(); bool isflg1 = object.ReferenceEquals(phone1, phone2); Console.WriteLine($"配置文件注冊：phone1==phone2=>{isflg1}");

（4）運行結果

配置文件注冊：phone1==phone2=>True

7、支持AOP切面編程

可以在不修改方法的前提下，在方法前后添加公共邏輯，日志，異常，緩存等

（1）nuget引入程序集

Castle.Core Autofac.Extras.DynamicProxy

（2）自定義一個切面類實現IInterceptor接口

public class CustomInterceptor : IInterceptor {public void Intercept(IInvocation invocation){Console.WriteLine("方法執行前。。。");//執行當前方法invocation.Proceed();Console.WriteLine("方法執行后。。。");} }

（3）在抽象/實現類上添加特性標記

[Intercept(typeof(CustomInterceptor))] public interface IPhone {string ShowName(); } //實現類虛方法 public class Honer : IPhone {public virtual string ShowName(){Console.WriteLine("Honer");return "Honer";} }

（4）在容器中注冊關系創建對象

EnableInterfaceInterceptors + 特性標記在抽象上，所有實現類都支持AOP
EnableInterfaceInterceptors + 特性標記到實現類上，標記的類就支持AOP
EnableClassInterceptors，要支持AOP的方法必須要是用virtual虛方法
EnableClassInterceptors + 特性標記在抽象上，所有實現類都支持AOP
EnableClassInterceptors + 特性標記到實現類上，標記的類就支持AOP

ContainerBuilder containerBuilder = new ContainerBuilder(); containerBuilder.RegisterType<Honer>().As<IPhone>().EnableInterfaceInterceptors(); containerBuilder.RegisterType(typeof(CustomInterceptor)); IContainer container = containerBuilder.Build(); IPhone phone = container.Resolve<IPhone>(); phone.ShowName();

（5）運行結果

方法執行前。。。 Honer 方法執行后。。。

8、單抽象多實現問題

（1）在容器中注冊關系創建對象

注冊的時候不標記名字，后注冊的會覆蓋先注冊的
注冊的時候標記下名字，創建對象的時候用名稱來區分

ContainerBuilder containerBuilder = new ContainerBuilder(); containerBuilder.RegisterType<Honer>().Named<IPhone>("Honer"); containerBuilder.RegisterType<Huawei>().Named<IPhone>("Huawei"); IContainer container = containerBuilder.Build(); IPhone honer = container.ResolveNamed<IPhone>("Honer"); IPhone huawei = container.ResolveNamed<IPhone>("Huawei"); honer.ShowName(); huawei.ShowName();

（2）運行結果

Honer Huawei

9、集成到Asp.NetCore5框架

（1）nuget引入程序集

Autofac Autofac.Extensions.DependencyInjection

（2）定義實現類和抽象

public class UserService : IUserService { private IUserRepository UserRepositoryCtor { get; set; }public UserService(IUserRepository userRepository){UserRepositoryCtor = userRepository;} public string Login(string username, string password){return "登錄成功";} }

（3）添加控制器和頁面

public class FourthController : Controller {private IUserService _userService;public FourthController(IUserService userService){this._userService = userService;}public IActionResult Index(){object result = this._userService.Login("username", "password");return View(result);} } @model String <h2>this is fourth index...</h2> <h2>@Model</h2>

（4）在Program替換容器工廠

public class Program {public static void Main(string[] args){CreateHostBuilder(args).Build().Run();}public static IHostBuilder CreateHostBuilder(string[] args) =>Host.CreateDefaultBuilder(args).ConfigureWebHostDefaults(webBuilder =>{webBuilder.UseStartup<Startup>();}).UseServiceProviderFactory(new AutofacServiceProviderFactory()); }

（5）在Startup類的ConfigureServices方法中替換創建控制器的類

//控制器默認是有IControllerActivator創建的，替換成由容器創建 services.Replace(ServiceDescriptor.Transient<IControllerActivator, ServiceBasedControllerActivator>());

（6）注冊抽象和實現的關系

在Startup類中專門增加一個方法ConfigureContainer，用于注冊抽象和實現，可以把這些注冊信息進行模塊化封裝到AutofacModule

當抽象類和實現非常多的時候，可以將整個dll注冊，特殊的關系可以寫在后面覆蓋前面的注冊關系。

/// <summary> /// Autofac專用：注冊抽象和細節之間的關系，使用autofac后原來內置注冊的關系要注釋掉 /// Autofac和ServiceCollection是二者并存的，Autofac會接管ServiceCollection的一切 /// </summary> /// <param name="builder"></param> public void ConfigureContainer(ContainerBuilder builder) {builder.RegisterModule<AutofacModule>(); } public class AutofacModule : Module {/// <summary>/// 重寫Autofac管道中的Load方法，在這里注入注冊的內容/// </summary>/// <param name="builder"></param>protected override void Load(ContainerBuilder builder){//注冊抽象與實現builder.RegisterType<UserRepository>().As<IUserRepository>();builder.RegisterType<UserService>().As<IUserService>();//注冊所有控制器類var controllersTypesInAssembly = typeof(Startup).Assembly.GetExportedTypes().Where(type => typeof(ControllerBase).IsAssignableFrom(type)).ToArray();//實現屬性注入，這邊無法實現方法注入builder.RegisterTypes(controllersTypesInAssembly).PropertiesAutowired();} }

（7）運行結果

（8）在Startup的Configure方法中用容器創建對象

using (var container = host.Services.CreateScope()) {IUserService userService = container.ServiceProvider.GetService<IUserService>(); }

（9）單抽象多實現集成到框架

注入的時候通過構造函數或者屬性注入autofac上下文實例，再根據名稱創建對應實例。

定義單抽象和多實例類

//抽象 public interface ITestService {string Show(); } //實現1 public class TestServiceA : ITestService {public string Show(){return "TestServiceA";} } //實現2 public class TestServiceB : ITestService {public string Show(){return "TestServiceB";} }

在AutofacModule注冊抽象和實現的關系

//單抽象多實現注冊 builder.RegisterType<TestServiceA>().Named<ITestService>("a"); builder.RegisterType<TestServiceB>().Named<ITestService>("b");

添加控制器和頁面

public class FifthController : Controller {private IComponentContext _componentContext;public FifthController(IComponentContext componentContext){this._componentContext = componentContext;}public IActionResult Index(){ITestService testServiceA = _componentContext.ResolveNamed<ITestService>("a");ITestService testServiceB = _componentContext.ResolveNamed<ITestService>("b");object result = $"{testServiceA.Show()}--{testServiceB.Show()}";return View(result);} } @model String <h2>this is Fifth index...</h2> <h2>@Model</h2>

運行結果

總結

以上是生活随笔為你收集整理的Autofac详解的全部內容，希望文章能夠幫你解決所遇到的問題。

如果覺得生活随笔網站內容還不錯，歡迎將生活随笔推薦給好友。