使役动词
前言
使役動(dòng)詞本質(zhì)上是非謂語中不定式(to do)。只不過使役動(dòng)詞省略了to。
You have just bought a new house,but it needs a little renovation. What will you have done? What will you do yourself?
What will you have done?這是什么意思?是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)嗎?不是的have在這里作使役動(dòng)詞!
意思=你將需要?jiǎng)e人幫你做什么?
站在老板或者命令者的角度你就會(huì)使用使役動(dòng)詞。
使役動(dòng)詞前面的主語(老板),除了安排賓語變得怎么樣,不對賓語任何事情。
What will you do yourself? 你自己將做什么?
在輪流發(fā)言的場景主持人可能會(huì)說。
Now,we have Martin introduce himself.
領(lǐng)導(dǎo)在分配任務(wù)時(shí)也許會(huì)這么說.。
We will have task1 done by Martin.
We will have task2 done by Tom.
We should have task2 done by Tina.
其實(shí)Have sth done 就等于 ask sb to do sth。
使役動(dòng)詞是什么?
役:服兵役、服徭役,使役就是使sb去干某事的意思。
使役動(dòng)詞(Causative verb)是表示使、令、讓、幫、叫等意義的不完全及物動(dòng)詞。
在動(dòng)詞變非謂語時(shí)使役動(dòng)詞后面的動(dòng)詞可以省略to do中的to。
典型的使役動(dòng)詞
典型的使役動(dòng)詞有l(wèi)eave(離開).get(得到).make(使,令),let(讓),have(有;讓;從事;允許;拿)等。
我在這里就是遇到一個(gè)整理一個(gè)。
have
have作助動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成完成時(shí)態(tài)
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)(have + done):某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)之前做了一個(gè)動(dòng)作,但是這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生之后對這個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)造成了影響。
過去完成時(shí)態(tài)(had + done):就是現(xiàn)在之前的某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)做了一個(gè)動(dòng)作,對現(xiàn)在造成了影響
過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(have + been + doing):就是過去的過去做了一個(gè)動(dòng)作,對現(xiàn)在造成了影響,還要持續(xù)到將來。
have作實(shí)意動(dòng)詞
have作實(shí)意動(dòng)詞可以表示以下意思。
表示own某人擁有什么東西,某地有什么東西there be!
I don't have any house in Beinjing.
I don't have girl firend.
有病
I don't have any illness.
I don't have headache.
有時(shí)間上的安排
I have an interview.
I have a party with you.
I have a date.
I have an appointment.
吃喝
I have dinner.
I have a drink/milk/offee.
have使役動(dòng)詞
have作使役動(dòng)詞就是使什么怎么樣,have=“讓/使“的意思。
使役動(dòng)詞前面的主語只是安排 什么怎么樣這件事情發(fā)生。
have作使役動(dòng)詞+賓補(bǔ) 有3種用法它們要表達(dá)的意思不同。
主語 + have + 賓語 + do sth 表:主語 使/讓 sb 主動(dòng)去做某事
主語 + have + 賓語 + doing sth 表:主語 使/讓 sb 主動(dòng)、持續(xù)地去做某事。
主語 + have + 賓語 + done sth 表:主語 使/讓 sb 被動(dòng)去做某事。
1.主語 + have + 賓語 + do sth
The teacher had us hand our homework on time.
I have my dog sit down.
I have decorator paint my house.
Please have him come here.
請叫他到這里來。
2.主語 + have + 賓語 + doing sth
I had my light burning all night yesterday.
昨晚,我讓我的燈開了一晚上。
An effective leadership has everyone working toward a common goal.
成功的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力能使我們每一個(gè)人朝著一個(gè)共同目標(biāo)而努力。
3.主語 + have + 賓語+ done sth
如果賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系我們就使用主語 + have + 賓語+ done sth。
直譯過來就是: 主語讓什么被怎么樣 被誰? 其實(shí)就是使/讓 什么怎么樣!只不過就是賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系。
Have something done 讓什么被怎么樣?=Ask sb to do sth 讓別人去做某事,不是你自己干的
have something done by somebody 讓什么被某人怎么樣?
例如:
I should have my house completely redesined by a professional designer.
我應(yīng)該讓1個(gè)專業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)師重新設(shè)計(jì)我的房子。
我應(yīng)該使我的放在徹底重新設(shè)計(jì)一下,找誰設(shè)計(jì)呢?找一個(gè)專業(yè)的設(shè)計(jì)師呀!肯定不是我來設(shè)計(jì)。
我的房子(賓語) 和設(shè)計(jì)這個(gè)動(dòng)作之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。
我(主語)和設(shè)計(jì)這個(gè)動(dòng)作之間 沒有任何關(guān)系
我(主語)只是 讓/使 房子(賓語)被設(shè)計(jì)這件事情發(fā)生。
設(shè)計(jì)房子的不是我而是專業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)師!
I should have my car quickly repaired by repairer.
我應(yīng)該讓我的車馬上被修理工修好。
1.我和修車這個(gè)動(dòng)作沒有任何關(guān)系,我就是讓/使 我的車被修好這件事情發(fā)生。
2.修車這個(gè)味動(dòng)作和車是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。
She repair the roof. = she repaird it heself.
She had the roof repaird.= she arrangred for somebody else to repair it.
We should have the wall painted.
we should have the exterior painted.
May I have you cleaned your hair? 我能要求你洗洗你的頭發(fā)嗎?不太禮貌!
No,you can't.I enjoy my style. 不行我有我風(fēng)格!
Where did you have your hair cut? 你在哪里剪的頭發(fā)?
I had my hair cut in Tony's studio. 我在Tony老師那里剪的發(fā)。
Did you make those curtains yourself? 你是自己做的窗簾嗎?
Yes,I like making cortains. 是我自己做的!
Did you have those curtains made? 你是讓別人幫你做的窗簾?
No,I made them myself. 不是的,我是自己做的!
有例外
如果賓語是本屬于我的東西,賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足 之前存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系?
你也可以使用have something done,但是意思會(huì)有變化。
I had my wallet stolen while I was looking at the beatiful girl. =My wallet was stolen.
我的錢包被偷了。
我們肯定不能翻譯成:我(主語)讓/使 我的錢包被別人偷走這件事。
Gary had his nose broken in a fight. =Gary was broken his nose in a fight.
Gary在打架的時(shí)候鼻子被打破了。
Have you ever had you bike tolen?
你的自車車被偷過嗎?
參考
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