目的是下載一個網(wǎng)站所有分類的小說，并且按照分類自動創(chuàng)建目錄、根據(jù)小說名保存為txt文件。

一、抓取思路：

　　我的思路是百度一個小說網(wǎng)站，找到一本小說的章節(jié)頁，使用requests、BeautifulSoup測試是否能

正常下載。如果能正常下載，進行下一步。

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二、操作順序：

? ? ?1.導(dǎo)入模塊，指定網(wǎng)頁請求頭：

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup import requests import time import os import randommy_headers = ["Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/39.0.2171.95 Safari/537.36","Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_9_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/35.0.1916.153 Safari/537.36","Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:30.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/30.0""Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_9_2) AppleWebKit/537.75.14 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/7.0.3 Safari/537.75.14","Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.2; Win64; x64; Trident/6.0)"]headers = {'User-Agent':random.choice(my_headers)#隨機選取模擬瀏覽器 }

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　 2.獲取一本小說的章節(jié)頁，并寫入指定路徑：

#url = 'http://www.fhxiaoshuo.com/read/3/3414/6127874.shtml'data = requests.get(url,headers=headers)time.sleep(2)soup = BeautifulSoup(data.text.encode('ISO-8859-1').decode('GB18030'),'lxml')#注意.encode('ISO-8859-1').decode('GB18030')的用法 text = soup.select('div.zhangjieTXT')[0].text title2 = soup.select('div.zhangjieming > h1')[0].text
ls = [] for i in text:
　　if i in "'\r','ads_wz_2();','\xa0','\t','\n','“','\t','■', '◆', 'n', '■', '◆', 'h', 'u', '■', '◆', 'b', '，', '∧', 'n', '♀', '※',":
　　　　continue
　　ls.append(i)
text =''.join(ls) print('正在下載{}'.format(title2))
with open('.\\books\\' + 'title1' + '.txt','ab+') as f:
　　f.write((title2 + '\r\n').encode()) #寫入標(biāo)題
　　f.write(text.encode())#寫入正文
　　f.write('\r\n\r\n'.encode())#寫入換行

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? 3.獲取一本小說的全部章節(jié)鏈接：

def get_urls(url,fenlei_title):#url = 'http://www.fhxiaoshuo.com/read/3/3414/'data = requests.get(url,headers=headers)time.sleep(2)soup = BeautifulSoup(data.text.encode('ISO-8859-1').decode('GB18030'),'lxml')title1 = soup.select('div#maininfo > div > h1')[0].textif not os.path.exists('.\\books\\' + fenlei_title + '\\'+ title1):os.mkdir('.\\books\\' + fenlei_title + '\\'+ title1)links = soup.select('div#list > dl')print("正在下載{}".format(title1))#ls = []for i in links:data = i.select('dd > a')time.sleep(2)for m in data:url = m.get('href')#ls.append(ls)get_text(url,title1,fenlei_title)

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?4.獲取一個分類，比如武俠類的全部小說：

def get_list(url,fenlei_title):#url = 'http://www.fhxiaoshuo.com/sort/5/1/'data = requests.get(url,headers=headers)time.sleep(1)soup = BeautifulSoup(data.text.encode('ISO-8859-1').decode('GB18030'),'lxml')links = soup.select('div#alist')for i in links:data = i.select('div.info > div.title > h2 > a')for m in data:url = m.get('href')time.sleep(3)title = m.textget_urls(url,fenlei_title)

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? 5.獲取首頁全部分類鏈接：

def get_fenlei():url = 'http://www.fhxiaoshuo.com/'data = requests.get(url,headers=headers)time.sleep(0.5)soup = BeautifulSoup(data.text.encode('ISO-8859-1').decode('GB18030'),'lxml')links = soup.select('div.nav1 > ul')for i in links:data = i.select('li > a')for m in data:url = m.get('href')time.sleep(1)fenlei_title = m.textif not os.path.exists('.\\books\\' + fenlei_title):os.mkdir('.\\books\\' + fenlei_title)get_list(url, fenlei_title)

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三、全部代碼如下（使用time.sleep()保障網(wǎng)頁請求）：

#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- #Author: ssfrom bs4 import BeautifulSoup import requests import time import os import randommy_headers = ["Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/39.0.2171.95 Safari/537.36","Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_9_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/35.0.1916.153 Safari/537.36","Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:30.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/30.0""Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_9_2) AppleWebKit/537.75.14 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/7.0.3 Safari/537.75.14","Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.2; Win64; x64; Trident/6.0)"]headers = {'User-Agent':random.choice(my_headers) }def get_text(url,title1,fenlei_title):#url = 'http://www.fhxiaoshuo.com/read/3/3414/6127874.shtml'data = requests.get(url,headers=headers)time.sleep(2)soup = BeautifulSoup(data.text.encode('ISO-8859-1').decode('GB18030'),'lxml')text = soup.select('div.zhangjieTXT')[0].texttitle2 = soup.select('div.zhangjieming > h1')[0].textls = []for i in text:if i in "'\r','ads_wz_2();','\xa0','\t','\n','“','\t','■', '◆', 'n', '■', '◆', 'h', 'u', '■', '◆', 'b', '，', '∧', 'n', '♀', '※',":continuels.append(i)text =''.join(ls)print('正在下載{}'.format(title2))with open('.\\books\\' + fenlei_title + '\\' +title1 +'\\' + title1 + '.txt','ab+') as f:f.write((title2 + '\r\n').encode())f.write(text.encode())f.write('\r\n\r\n'.encode())def get_urls(url,fenlei_title):#url = 'http://www.fhxiaoshuo.com/read/3/3414/'data = requests.get(url,headers=headers)time.sleep(2)soup = BeautifulSoup(data.text.encode('ISO-8859-1').decode('GB18030'),'lxml')title1 = soup.select('div#maininfo > div > h1')[0].textif not os.path.exists('.\\books\\' + fenlei_title + '\\'+ title1):os.mkdir('.\\books\\' + fenlei_title + '\\'+ title1)links = soup.select('div#list > dl')print("正在下載{}".format(title1))#ls = []for i in links:data = i.select('dd > a')time.sleep(2)for m in data:url = m.get('href')#ls.append(ls) get_text(url,title1,fenlei_title)def get_list(url,fenlei_title):#url = 'http://www.fhxiaoshuo.com/sort/5/1/'data = requests.get(url,headers=headers)time.sleep(1)soup = BeautifulSoup(data.text.encode('ISO-8859-1').decode('GB18030'),'lxml')links = soup.select('div#alist')for i in links:data = i.select('div.info > div.title > h2 > a')for m in data:url = m.get('href')time.sleep(3)title = m.textget_urls(url,fenlei_title)def get_fenlei():url = 'http://www.fhxiaoshuo.com/'data = requests.get(url,headers=headers)time.sleep(0.5)soup = BeautifulSoup(data.text.encode('ISO-8859-1').decode('GB18030'),'lxml')links = soup.select('div.nav1 > ul')for i in links:data = i.select('li > a')for m in data:url = m.get('href')time.sleep(1)fenlei_title = m.textif not os.path.exists('.\\books\\' + fenlei_title):os.mkdir('.\\books\\' + fenlei_title)get_list(url, fenlei_title)get_fenlei()

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轉(zhuǎn)載于:https://www.cnblogs.com/ssxsy/p/9040741.html

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