一、需求

實現英文單詞的單數變復數，復數變單數形式，如orange -> oranges，oranges -> orange。

二、API功能

1、單數 -> 復數

String plural = EnglishWordUtil.pluralize("map");

2、是否為單數

boolean isSingular = EnglishWordUtil.isSingular("map");

3、復數 -> 單數

String singular = EnglishWordUtil.singularize("maps");

4、是否為復數

boolean isPlural = EnglishWordUtil.isPlural("maps");

三、支持的單復數轉換類型

0、單復數同形

deer,shoes,sheep,Chinese,news…

1、單數復數的不規則變化

person,man,child,foot…

2、直接加"-s"的x國人

German,Russian,American…

3、以s, ss，x, ch, sh結尾的名詞加"-es"

bus,class,watch…

4、以元音字母+o結尾（除studio），后面加"-s"

zoo,kangaroo…

5、以輔音字母+o結尾（除studio,piano,kilo,photo)，后面加"-es"

hero,potato,tomato…

6、以輔音字母加y結尾的名詞，變y為i加"-es"

city,factory,family…

7、以元音字母加y結尾的名詞直接加"-s"

boy,toy,monkey…

8、除了roof，gulf，proof，beef，staff，belief，cliff，以fe或f結尾的名詞，把fe或f變為v加"-es"

knife,wolf,life,cliff…

9、無連字號復合名詞，后面名詞變復數

mooncake,gentleman,housewife…

10、普通名詞，加s

map,orange…

四、代碼（Java正則實現）

工具類：

import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import java.util.regex.Matcher; import java.util.regex.Pattern;// 正則模式和對應的替換字符串 class PatternAndReplacement {private Pattern pattern;private String replacement;public PatternAndReplacement(Pattern pattern, String replacement) {this.pattern = pattern;this.replacement = replacement;}public Pattern getPattern() {return pattern;}public void setPattern(Pattern pattern) {this.pattern = pattern;}public String getReplacement() {return replacement;}public void setReplacement(String replacement) {this.replacement = replacement;} }// 英文單詞單數、復數形式轉換 public class EnglishWordUtil {//一、單復數同形private static List<String> uncountables = new ArrayList<>();//二、單數 -> 復數的不規則變化private static List<PatternAndReplacement> unregularSingularToPlural = new ArrayList<>();//三、單數 -> 復數private static List<PatternAndReplacement> singularToPlural = new ArrayList<>();//四、復數 -> 單數的不規則變化private static List<PatternAndReplacement> unregularPluralToSingular = new ArrayList<>();//五、復數 -> 單數private static List<PatternAndReplacement> pluralToSingular = new ArrayList<>();static {//一、單復數同形uncountables.add("deer");uncountables.add("shoes");uncountables.add("sheep");uncountables.add("fish");uncountables.add("Chinese");uncountables.add("English");uncountables.add("Portuguese");uncountables.add("Lebanese");uncountables.add("Swiss");uncountables.add("Vietnamese");uncountables.add("Japanese");uncountables.add("economics");uncountables.add("news");uncountables.add("human");//二、單數 -> 復數的不規則變化unregularSingularToPlural.add(new PatternAndReplacement(Pattern.compile("^person$", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE), "people"));unregularSingularToPlural.add(new PatternAndReplacement(Pattern.compile("([^(Ger)])man", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE), "$1men"));unregularSingularToPlural.add(new PatternAndReplacement(Pattern.compile("^man$", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE), "men"));unregularSingularToPlural.add(new PatternAndReplacement(Pattern.compile("^child$", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE), "children"));unregularSingularToPlural.add(new PatternAndReplacement(Pattern.compile("^foot$", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE), "feet"));unregularSingularToPlural.add(new PatternAndReplacement(Pattern.compile("^tooth$", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE), "teeth"));unregularSingularToPlural.add(new PatternAndReplacement(Pattern.compile("^(m|l)ouse$", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE), "$1ice"));unregularSingularToPlural.add(new PatternAndReplacement(Pattern.compile("^matrix$", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE), "matrices"));unregularSingularToPlural.add(new PatternAndReplacement(Pattern.compile("^vertex$", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE), "vertices"));unregularSingularToPlural.add(new PatternAndReplacement(Pattern.compile("^ox$", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE), "oxen"));unregularSingularToPlural.add(new PatternAndReplacement(Pattern.compile("^goose$", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE), "geese"));unregularSingularToPlural.add(new PatternAndReplacement(Pattern.compile("^basis$", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE), "bases"));//三、單數 -> 復數//2、直接加"-s"的x國人singularToPlural.add(new PatternAndReplacement(Pattern.compile("^((German)|(Russian)|(American)|(Italian)|(Indian)|(Canadian)|(Australian)|(Swede))$", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE), "$1s"));//3、以s, ss，x, ch, sh結尾的名詞加"-es"singularToPlural.add(new PatternAndReplacement(Pattern.compile("(s|ss|x|ch|sh)$", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE), "$1es"));//4、以元音字母+o結尾（除studio），后面加"-s"singularToPlural.add(new PatternAndReplacement(Pattern.compile("^studio$", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE), "studios"));singularToPlural.add(new PatternAndReplacement(Pattern.compile("([aeiou])o$", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE), "$1os"));//5、以輔音字母+o結尾（除studio,piano,kilo,photo)，后面加"-es"singularToPlural.add(new PatternAndReplacement(Pattern.compile("^((pian)|(kil)|(phot))o$", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE), "$1os"));singularToPlural.add(new PatternAndReplacement(Pattern.compile("([^aeiou])o$", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE), "$1oes"));//6、以輔音字母加y結尾的名詞，變y為i加"-es "singularToPlural.add(new PatternAndReplacement(Pattern.compile("([^aeiou])y$", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE), "$1ies"));//7、以元音字母加y結尾的名詞直接加"-s"singularToPlural.add(new PatternAndReplacement(Pattern.compile("([aeiou])y$", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE), "$1ys"));//8、除了roof，gulf，proof，beef，staff，belief，cliff//以fe或f結尾的名詞，把fe或f變為v加"-es"singularToPlural.add(new PatternAndReplacement(Pattern.compile("^((roo)|(gul)|(proo)|(bee)|(staf)|(belie)|(clif))f$", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE), "$1fs"));singularToPlural.add(new PatternAndReplacement(Pattern.compile("(fe|f)$", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE), "ves"));//9、無連字號復合名詞，后面名詞變復數singularToPlural.add(new PatternAndReplacement(Pattern.compile("(cake)$", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE), "cakes"));singularToPlural.add(new PatternAndReplacement(Pattern.compile("(watch)$", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE), "watches"));singularToPlural.add(new PatternAndReplacement(Pattern.compile("(chair)$", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE), "chairs"));singularToPlural.add(new PatternAndReplacement(Pattern.compile("(man)$", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE), "men"));singularToPlural.add(new PatternAndReplacement(Pattern.compile("(wife)$", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE), "wives"));singularToPlural.add(new PatternAndReplacement(Pattern.compile("(glass)$", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE), "glasses"));singularToPlural.add(new PatternAndReplacement(Pattern.compile("(house)$", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE), "houses"));//四、復數 -> 單數的不規則變化unregularPluralToSingular.add(new PatternAndReplacement(Pattern.compile("^people$", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE), "person"));unregularPluralToSingular.add(new PatternAndReplacement(Pattern.compile("([^(Ger)])men", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE), "$1man"));unregularPluralToSingular.add(new PatternAndReplacement(Pattern.compile("^men$", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE), "man"));unregularPluralToSingular.add(new PatternAndReplacement(Pattern.compile("^children$", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE), "child"));unregularPluralToSingular.add(new PatternAndReplacement(Pattern.compile("^feet$", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE), "foot"));unregularPluralToSingular.add(new PatternAndReplacement(Pattern.compile("^teeth$", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE), "tooth"));unregularPluralToSingular.add(new PatternAndReplacement(Pattern.compile("^(m|l)ice$", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE), "$1ouse"));unregularPluralToSingular.add(new PatternAndReplacement(Pattern.compile("^matrices$", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE), "matrix"));unregularPluralToSingular.add(new PatternAndReplacement(Pattern.compile("^vertices$", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE), "vertex"));unregularPluralToSingular.add(new PatternAndReplacement(Pattern.compile("^oxen$", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE), "ox"));unregularPluralToSingular.add(new PatternAndReplacement(Pattern.compile("^geese$", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE), "goose"));unregularPluralToSingular.add(new PatternAndReplacement(Pattern.compile("^bases$", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE), "basis"));//五、復數 -> 單數//9、無連字號復合名詞，后面名詞變復數pluralToSingular.add(new PatternAndReplacement(Pattern.compile("(cakes)$", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE), "cake"));pluralToSingular.add(new PatternAndReplacement(Pattern.compile("(watches)$", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE), "watch"));pluralToSingular.add(new PatternAndReplacement(Pattern.compile("(chairs)$", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE), "chair"));pluralToSingular.add(new PatternAndReplacement(Pattern.compile("(men)$", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE), "man"));pluralToSingular.add(new PatternAndReplacement(Pattern.compile("(wives)$", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE), "wife"));pluralToSingular.add(new PatternAndReplacement(Pattern.compile("(glasses)$", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE), "glass"));pluralToSingular.add(new PatternAndReplacement(Pattern.compile("(houses)$", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE), "house"));//2、直接加"-s"的x國人pluralToSingular.add(new PatternAndReplacement(Pattern.compile("^((German)|(Russian)|(American)|(Italian)|(Indian)|(Canadian)|(Australian)|(Swede))s$", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE), "$1"));//3、以s, ss，x, ch, sh結尾的名詞加"-es"pluralToSingular.add(new PatternAndReplacement(Pattern.compile("houses$", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE), "house"));pluralToSingular.add(new PatternAndReplacement(Pattern.compile("(s|ss|x|ch|sh)es$", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE), "$1"));//4、以元音字母+o結尾（除studio），后面加"-s"pluralToSingular.add(new PatternAndReplacement(Pattern.compile("^studios", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE), "studio"));pluralToSingular.add(new PatternAndReplacement(Pattern.compile("^([aeiou])os$", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE), "$1"));//5、以輔音字母+o結尾（除studio,piano,kilo,photo)，后面加"-es"pluralToSingular.add(new PatternAndReplacement(Pattern.compile("^((pian)|(kil)|(phot))os$", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE), "$1o"));pluralToSingular.add(new PatternAndReplacement(Pattern.compile("([^aeiou])oes$", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE), "$1o"));//6、以輔音字母加y結尾的名詞，變y為i加"-es "pluralToSingular.add(new PatternAndReplacement(Pattern.compile("([^aeiou])ies$", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE), "$1y"));//7、以元音字母加y結尾的名詞直接加"-s"pluralToSingular.add(new PatternAndReplacement(Pattern.compile("^([aeiou])ys$", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE), "$1"));//8、除了roof，gulf，proof，beef，staff，belief，cliff//以fe或f結尾的名詞，把fe或f變為v加"-es"pluralToSingular.add(new PatternAndReplacement(Pattern.compile("^((roo)|(gul)|(proo)|(bee)|(staf)|(belie)|(clif))fs$", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE), "$1f"));pluralToSingular.add(new PatternAndReplacement(Pattern.compile("^((kni)|(wi)|(li))ves$", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE), "$1fe"));pluralToSingular.add(new PatternAndReplacement(Pattern.compile("ves$", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE), "f"));}// 是否為單數形式public static boolean isSingular(String word) {if (word == null || word.length() == 0) {return false;}// 1、單復數同形if (uncountables.contains(word)) {return true;}//2、不規則變化for (PatternAndReplacement unregular : unregularSingularToPlural) {Matcher matcher = unregular.getPattern().matcher(word);if (matcher.find()) {return true;}}//3、規則變化for (PatternAndReplacement regular : singularToPlural) {Matcher matcher = regular.getPattern().matcher(word);if (matcher.find()) {return true;}}return word.charAt(word.length()-1) != 's';}// 單數 -> 復數public static String pluralize(String word) {if (word == null || word.length() == 0) {return "";}//1、單復數同形if (uncountables.contains(word)) {return word;}//2、不規則變化for (PatternAndReplacement unregular : unregularSingularToPlural) {Matcher matcher = unregular.getPattern().matcher(word);if (matcher.find()) {return matcher.replaceAll(unregular.getReplacement());}}//3、規則變化for (PatternAndReplacement regular : singularToPlural) {Matcher matcher = regular.getPattern().matcher(word);if (matcher.find()) {return matcher.replaceAll(regular.getReplacement());}}return word + "s";}// 是否為復數形式public static boolean isPlural(String word) {if (word == null || word.length() == 0) {return false;}// 1、單復數同形if (uncountables.contains(word)) {return true;}//2、不規則變化for (PatternAndReplacement unregular : unregularPluralToSingular) {Matcher matcher = unregular.getPattern().matcher(word);if (matcher.find()) {return true;}}//3、規則變化for (PatternAndReplacement regular : pluralToSingular) {Matcher matcher = regular.getPattern().matcher(word);if (matcher.find()) {return true;}}return word.charAt(word.length()-1) == 's';}// 復數 -> 單數public static String singularize(String word) {if (word == null || word.length() == 0) {return "";}//1、單復數同形if (uncountables.contains(word)) {return word;}//2、不規則變化for (PatternAndReplacement unregular : unregularPluralToSingular) {Matcher matcher = unregular.getPattern().matcher(word);if (matcher.find()) {return matcher.replaceAll(unregular.getReplacement());}}//3、規則變化for (PatternAndReplacement regular : pluralToSingular) {Matcher matcher = regular.getPattern().matcher(word);if (matcher.find()) {return matcher.replaceAll(regular.getReplacement());}}//去掉最后一個字母sreturn word.substring(0, word.length()-1);}}

五、測試

import java.util.HashMap;// EnglishWordUtil測試類 public class EnglishWordUtilTest {public static void main(String[] args) {//0、單復數同形HashMap<String, String> map0 = new HashMap<>();map0.put("deer", "deer");map0.put("shoes", "shoes");map0.put("sheep", "sheep");map0.put("fish", "fish");map0.put("Chinese", "Chinese");map0.put("English", "English");map0.put("Portuguese", "Portuguese");map0.put("Lebanese", "Lebanese");map0.put("Swiss", "Swiss");map0.put("Vietnamese", "Vietnamese");map0.put("Japanese", "Japanese");map0.put("economics", "economics");map0.put("news", "news");map0.put("human", "human");//1、單數復數的不規則變化HashMap<String, String> map1 = new HashMap<>();map1.put("person", "people");map1.put("man", "men");map1.put("child", "children");map1.put("foot", "feet");map1.put("tooth", "teeth");map1.put("mouse", "mice");map1.put("louse", "lice");map1.put("matrix", "matrices");map1.put("vertex", "vertices");map1.put("ox", "oxen");map1.put("goose", "geese");map1.put("basis", "bases");//2、直接加"-s"的x國人HashMap<String, String> map2 = new HashMap<>();map2.put("German", "Germans");map2.put("Russian", "Russians");map2.put("American", "Americans");map2.put("Italian", "Italians");map2.put("Indian", "Indians");map2.put("Canadian", "Canadians");map2.put("Australian", "Australians");map2.put("Swede", "Swedes");//3、以s, x, ch, sh結尾，加"-es"HashMap<String, String> map3 = new HashMap<>();map3.put("bus", "buses");map3.put("class", "classes");map3.put("box", "boxes");map3.put("sex", "sexes");map3.put("watch", "watches");map3.put("brush", "brushes");//4、以元音字母+o結尾，后面加"-s"HashMap<String, String> map4 = new HashMap<>();map4.put("zoo", "zoos");map4.put("photo", "photos");map4.put("kangaroo", "kangaroos");map4.put("bamboo", "bamboos");map4.put("radio", "radios");map4.put("piano", "pianos");map4.put("video", "videos");map4.put("kilo", "kilos");map4.put("studio", "studios");//5、以輔音字母+o結尾（除studio,piano,kilo,photo)，后面加"-es"HashMap<String, String> map5 = new HashMap<>();map5.put("hero", "heroes");map5.put("Negro", "Negroes");map5.put("tomato", "tomatoes");map5.put("potato", "potatoes");map5.put("mango", "mangoes");//6、以輔音字母加y結尾的名詞，變y為i加"-es "HashMap<String, String> map6 = new HashMap<>();map6.put("baby", "babies");map6.put("city", "cities");map6.put("factory", "factories");map6.put("family", "families");//7、以元音字母加y結尾的名詞直接加"-s"HashMap<String, String> map7 = new HashMap<>();map7.put("boy", "boys");map7.put("toy", "toys");map7.put("monkey", "monkeys");//8、除了roof，gulf，proof，beef，staff，belief，cliff//以fe或f結尾的名詞，把fe或f變為v加"-es"HashMap<String, String> map8 = new HashMap<>();map8.put("roof", "roofs");map8.put("gulf", "gulfs");map8.put("proof", "proofs");map8.put("beef", "beefs");map8.put("staff", "staffs");map8.put("belief", "beliefs");map8.put("cliff", "cliffs");map8.put("knife", "knives");map8.put("wife", "wives");map8.put("wolf", "wolves");map8.put("life", "lives");//9、無連字號復合名詞，后面名詞變復數HashMap<String, String> map9 = new HashMap<>();map9.put("mooncake", "mooncakes");map9.put("stopwatch", "stopwatches");map9.put("armchair", "armchairs");map9.put("gentleman", "gentlemen");map9.put("housewife", "housewives");map9.put("wineglass", "wineglasses");map9.put("greenhouse", "greenhouses");//10、普通名詞，加sHashMap<String, String> map10 = new HashMap<>();map10.put("map", "maps");map10.put("orange", "oranges");map10.put("user", "users");map10.put("German", "Germans");map10.put("Russian", "Russians");map10.put("American", "Americans");map10.put("Italian", "Italians");map10.put("Indian", "Indians");map10.put("Canadian", "Canadians");map10.put("Australian", "Australians");map10.put("Swede", "Swedes");testIsSingular(map0, 0);testIsSingular(map1, 1);testIsSingular(map2, 2);testIsSingular(map3, 3);testIsSingular(map4, 4);testIsSingular(map5, 5);testIsSingular(map6, 6);testIsSingular(map7, 7);testIsSingular(map8, 8);testIsSingular(map9, 9);testIsSingular(map10, 10);testPluralize(map0, 0);testPluralize(map1, 1);testPluralize(map2, 2);testPluralize(map3, 3);testPluralize(map4, 4);testPluralize(map5, 5);testPluralize(map6, 6);testPluralize(map7, 7);testPluralize(map8, 8);testPluralize(map9, 9);testPluralize(map10, 10);testIsPlural(map0, 0);testIsPlural(map1, 1);testIsPlural(map2, 2);testIsPlural(map3, 3);testIsPlural(map4, 4);testIsPlural(map5, 5);testIsPlural(map6, 6);testIsPlural(map7, 7);testIsPlural(map8, 8);testIsPlural(map9, 9);testIsPlural(map10, 10);testSingularize(map0, 0);testSingularize(map1, 1);testSingularize(map2, 2);testSingularize(map3, 3);testSingularize(map4, 4);testSingularize(map5, 5);testSingularize(map6, 6);testSingularize(map7, 7);testSingularize(map8, 8);testSingularize(map9, 9);testSingularize(map10, 10);}// 測試EnglishWordUtil.isSingular()private static void testIsSingular(HashMap<String, String> map, int order) {System.out.println("\n----------------是否為單數 測試第" + order + "種類型------------------");for (String singular : map.keySet()) {boolean isSingular = EnglishWordUtil.isSingular(singular);String correctPlural = map.get(singular);if (isSingular) {System.out.println("第" + order + "種類型 " + singular + "為單數形式，判斷正確");} else {System.err.println("第" + order + "種類型 " + singular + "為單數形式，判斷錯誤");}}}// 測試EnglishWordUtil.pluralize()private static void testPluralize(HashMap<String, String> map, int order) {System.out.println("\n----------------單數變復數 測試第" + order + "種類型------------------");for (String singular : map.keySet()) {String plural = EnglishWordUtil.pluralize(singular);String correctPlural = map.get(singular);if (plural.equals(correctPlural)) {System.out.println("第" + order + "種類型 單數：" + singular + "，復數：" + plural + "，判斷正確");} else {System.err.println("第" + order + "種類型 單數：" + singular + "，復數：" + plural + "，判斷錯誤，正確復數為：" + correctPlural);}}}// 測試EnglishWordUtil.isPlural()private static void testIsPlural(HashMap<String, String> map, int order) {System.out.println("\n----------------是否為復數 測試第" + order + "種類型------------------");for (String singular : map.keySet()) {String plural = map.get(singular);boolean isPlural = EnglishWordUtil.isPlural(plural);if (isPlural) {System.out.println("第" + order + "種類型 " + plural + "為復數形式，判斷正確");} else {System.err.println("第" + order + "種類型 " + plural + "為復數形式，判斷錯誤");}}}// 測試EnglishWordUtil.singularize()private static void testSingularize(HashMap<String, String> map, int order) {System.out.println("\n----------------復數變單數 測試第" + order + "種類型------------------");for (String correctSingular : map.keySet()) {String plural = map.get(correctSingular);String singular = EnglishWordUtil.singularize(plural);if (singular.equals(correctSingular)) {System.out.println("第" + order + "種類型 復數：" + plural + "，單數：" + singular + "，判斷正確");} else {System.err.println("第" + order + "種類型 復數：" + plural + "，單數：" + singular + "，判斷錯誤，正確單數為：" + correctSingular);}}} }

測試結果截圖：

總結

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