《Android开源库》Picasso
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《Android开源库》Picasso
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1. 前言
最近項目開發(fā)中使用到來Picasso，并且碰到了一個部分圖片無法加載的問題，使用Glide可以正常加載，使用最新的Picasso3.0.0-SNAPSHOT版本也沒有問題，最后使用Picasso自帶的異常監(jiān)聽獲取堆棧，并且在Github中找到的同樣的問題，具體查閱：
https://github.com/square/picasso/issues/1514
所以，想詳細的看看Picasso的詳細用法和master分支上的源代碼。
2. 基本介紹
Picasso 是Square 公司開源的Android 端的圖片加載和緩存框架。圖片的加載是一個令人很頭疼的問題，因為涉及的內容比較多，比如網絡請求，本地存儲，圖片緩存，圖片回收等等，處理不好可能會出現(xiàn)圖片變形內存泄漏等令開發(fā)者焦頭爛額的問題，但是Picasso幫我們做了很多事情，比如：
- 處理Adapter 中ImageView的回收和取消下載。
- 使用最小的內存 來做復雜的圖片變換。比如高斯模糊，圓角、圓形等處理。
- 自動幫我們緩存圖片。內存和磁盤緩存
3. 基本使用
以Android Studio為開發(fā)環(huán)境，以Gradle為構建工具，其他的本文不做介紹。
3.1 添加依賴
compile 'com.squareup.picasso:picasso:2.5.2'3.2 混淆
-dontwarn com.squareup.okhttp.**3.3 加載圖片
/* 網絡圖片 */ Picasso.with(context).load("http://i.imgur.com/DvpvklR.png").into(imageView);/* 圖片資源 */ Picasso.with(context).load(R.drawable.landing_screen).into(imageView1);/* 本地圖片*/ Picasso.with(context).load("file:///android_asset/DvpvklR.png").into(imageView2);/* 本地圖片文件 */ Picasso.with(context).load(new File(...)).into(imageView3);3.3.1 Picasso.with(Context context)
/*** The global default {@link Picasso} instance.* <p>* This instance is automatically initialized with defaults that are suitable to most* implementations.* <ul>* <li>LRU memory cache of 15% the available application RAM</li>* <li>Disk cache of 2% storage space up to 50MB but no less than 5MB. (Note: this is only* available on API 14+ <em>or</em> if you are using a standalone library that provides a disk* cache on all API levels like OkHttp)</li>* <li>Three download threads for disk and network access.</li>* </ul>* <p>* If these settings do not meet the requirements of your application you can construct your own* with full control over the configuration by using {@link Picasso.Builder} to create a* {@link Picasso} instance. You can either use this directly or by setting it as the global* instance with {@link #setSingletonInstance}.*/public static Picasso with(Context context) {if (singleton == null) {synchronized (Picasso.class) {if (singleton == null) {singleton = new Builder(context).build();}}}return singleton;}構造一個默認的Picasso單例，如果注釋中的一些基本配置需求無法滿足你，你可以使用Picasso.Builder來構造自己的Picasso實例。
3.3.2 load()
很顯然，四個load方法，不同的入參，相同類型的返回值。針對不同的圖片來源，執(zhí)行不同的加載方式。
每一個load()方法都是創(chuàng)建一個RequestCreator實例，load(File file)和load(String path)最后都是通過轉換成load(Uri uri)的方式實現(xiàn)加載。而RequestCreator的構造方法中三個參數(shù)，第一個是Picasso實例，一個是uri，一個是resourceId，通過后兩個參數(shù)覆蓋所有的加載場景。
RequestCreator(Picasso picasso, Uri uri, int resourceId) {if (picasso.shutdown) {throw new IllegalStateException("Picasso instance already shut down. Cannot submit new requests.");}this.picasso = picasso;this.data = new Request.Builder(uri, resourceId, picasso.defaultBitmapConfig);}3.3.3 into()
RequestCreator中很多方法都是我們經常會用到的。先看into()方法
可以看到5個into()方法，可以看到Picasso常用的是直接往ImageView，但是它的功能遠遠不止如此，我們可以通過實現(xiàn)Target接口來實現(xiàn)自定義的圖片處理，可以用來設背景，可以用來填充布局，可擴展性很強，也支持RemoteView。而我們常用的
public void into(ImageView target) {into(target, null);}轉到有Callback的執(zhí)行方法。我們可以通過使用帶有回調的into方法來執(zhí)行圖片加載成功或者失敗后的事件處理。
public interface Callback {void onSuccess();void onError();public static class EmptyCallback implements Callback {@Override public void onSuccess() {}@Override public void onError() {}} }看下public void into(ImageView target, Callback callback)這個方法：
以上就是圖片加載的主要過程。
4. 進階用法(鏈式使用)
主要介紹一下Picasso的其他用法
4.1 noPlaceholder()
不設置占位圖片，不能于placeHolder同時使用
/*** Explicitly opt-out to having a placeholder set when calling {@code into}.* <p>* By default, Picasso will either set a supplied placeholder or clear the target* {@link ImageView} in order to ensure behavior in situations where views are recycled. This* method will prevent that behavior and retain any already set image.*/public RequestCreator noPlaceholder() {if (placeholderResId != 0) {throw new IllegalStateException("Placeholder resource already set.");}if (placeholderDrawable != null) {throw new IllegalStateException("Placeholder image already set.");}setPlaceholder = false;return this;}4.2 placeholder()
設置占位圖片
/*** A placeholder drawable to be used while the image is being loaded. If the requested image is* not immediately available in the memory cache then this resource will be set on the target* {@link ImageView}.*/public RequestCreator placeholder(int placeholderResId) {if (!setPlaceholder) {throw new IllegalStateException("Already explicitly declared as no placeholder.");}if (placeholderResId == 0) {throw new IllegalArgumentException("Placeholder image resource invalid.");}if (placeholderDrawable != null) {throw new IllegalStateException("Placeholder image already set.");}this.placeholderResId = placeholderResId;return this;}4.3 error()
設置加載出錯時的圖片
/** An error drawable to be used if the request image could not be loaded. */public RequestCreator error(int errorResId) {if (errorResId == 0) {throw new IllegalArgumentException("Error image resource invalid.");}if (errorDrawable != null) {throw new IllegalStateException("Error image already set.");}this.errorResId = errorResId;return this;}/** An error drawable to be used if the request image could not be loaded. */public RequestCreator error(Drawable errorDrawable) {if (errorDrawable == null) {throw new IllegalArgumentException("Error image may not be null.");}if (errorResId != 0) {throw new IllegalStateException("Error image already set.");}this.errorDrawable = errorDrawable;return this;}4.4 tag()
設置tag，方便后續(xù)pause，cancel，或者resume。這個應該用的比較少，有可能通過tag來cancel一下。
/*** Assign a tag to this request. Tags are an easy way to logically associate* related requests that can be managed together e.g. paused, resumed,* or canceled.* <p>* You can either use simple {@link String} tags or objects that naturally* define the scope of your requests within your app such as a* {@link android.content.Context}, an {@link android.app.Activity}, or a* {@link android.app.Fragment}.** <strong>WARNING:</strong>: Picasso will keep a reference to the tag for* as long as this tag is paused and/or has active requests. Look out for* potential leaks.** @see Picasso#cancelTag(Object)* @see Picasso#pauseTag(Object)* @see Picasso#resumeTag(Object)*/public RequestCreator tag(Object tag) {if (tag == null) {throw new IllegalArgumentException("Tag invalid.");}if (this.tag != null) {throw new IllegalStateException("Tag already set.");}this.tag = tag;return this;}4.5 fit() & unfit()
調整圖片大小來適配target的邊界，這個會導致圖片的加載過程在ImageView布局確定之后進行。
/*** Attempt to resize the image to fit exactly into the target {@link ImageView}'s bounds. This* will result in delayed execution of the request until the {@link ImageView} has been laid out.* <p>* <em>Note:</em> This method works only when your target is an {@link ImageView}.*/public RequestCreator fit() {deferred = true;return this;}/** Internal use only. Used by {@link DeferredRequestCreator}. */RequestCreator unfit() {deferred = false;return this;}4.6 resizeDimen() & resize()
調整圖片大小。
/** Resize the image to the specified dimension size. */public RequestCreator resizeDimen(int targetWidthResId, int targetHeightResId) {Resources resources = picasso.context.getResources();int targetWidth = resources.getDimensionPixelSize(targetWidthResId);int targetHeight = resources.getDimensionPixelSize(targetHeightResId);return resize(targetWidth, targetHeight);}/** Resize the image to the specified size in pixels. */public RequestCreator resize(int targetWidth, int targetHeight) {data.resize(targetWidth, targetHeight);return this;}4.7 centerCrop() & centerInside()
centerCrop：充滿ImageView居中裁剪
centerInside： 完整顯示圖片但是可能無法充滿ImageView
4.8 onlyScaleDown()
當調用了resize 方法重新設置圖片尺寸的時候，調用onlyScaleDown 方法，只有當原始圖片的尺寸大于我們指定的尺寸時，resize才起作用。
/*** Only resize an image if the original image size is bigger than the target size* specified by {@link #resize(int, int)}.*/public RequestCreator onlyScaleDown() {data.onlyScaleDown();return this;}4.9 rotate()
旋轉圖片角度，可指定旋轉中心點
/** Rotate the image by the specified degrees. */public RequestCreator rotate(float degrees) {data.rotate(degrees);return this;}/** Rotate the image by the specified degrees around a pivot point. */public RequestCreator rotate(float degrees, float pivotX, float pivotY) {data.rotate(degrees, pivotX, pivotY);return this;}4.10 config()
設置圖片Bitmap格式，如
ALPHA_8，ARGB_4444，ARGB_8888，HARDWARE，RGBA_F16，RGB_565等等。
4.11 stableKey()
設置固定Key
/*** Sets the stable key for this request to be used instead of the URI or resource ID when* caching. Two requests with the same value are considered to be for the same resource.*/public RequestCreator stableKey(String stableKey) {data.stableKey(stableKey);return this;}4.12 priority()
設置優(yōu)先級，這個對圖片請求的執(zhí)行順序有影響，默認的優(yōu)先級均為NORMAL
/*** Set the priority of this request.* <p>* This will affect the order in which the requests execute but does not guarantee it.* By default, all requests have {@link Priority#NORMAL} priority, except for* {@link #fetch()} requests, which have {@link Priority#LOW} priority by default.*/public RequestCreator priority(Priority priority) {data.priority(priority);return this;}4.13 transform()
添加自定義Transformation，方便執(zhí)行圖形轉換。
更多transformation請移步picasso-transformations
4.14 memoryPolicy()
指定memoryPolicy。NO_CACHE，NO_STORE
NO_CACHE：表示處理請求的時候跳過檢查內存緩存
NO_STORE: 表示請求成功之后，結果不存到內存。
4.15 networkPolicy()
指定NetworkPolicy。NO_CACHE，NO_STORE，OFFLINE
NO_CACHE: 表示處理請求的時候跳過處理磁盤緩存
NO_STORE: 表示請求成功后，結果不緩存到Disk。
OFFLINE: 強制這次請求從緩存中獲取結果，不會發(fā)起網絡請求，不管緩存中能否獲取到結果。
4.16 noFade()
去掉默認的圖片加載過程中的漸入效果
/** Disable brief fade in of images loaded from the disk cache or network. */public RequestCreator noFade() {noFade = true;return this;}5. 其他用法
5.1 get()
同步方法，獲取Bitmap。所以不要在主線程執(zhí)行此操作
用法：
源碼實現(xiàn)：
/*** Synchronously fulfill this request. Must not be called from the main thread.* <p>* <em>Note</em>: The result of this operation is not cached in memory because the underlying* {@link Cache} implementation is not guaranteed to be thread-safe.*/public Bitmap get() throws IOException {long started = System.nanoTime();checkNotMain();if (deferred) {throw new IllegalStateException("Fit cannot be used with get.");}if (!data.hasImage()) {return null;}Request finalData = createRequest(started);String key = createKey(finalData, new StringBuilder());Action action = new GetAction(picasso, finalData, memoryPolicy, networkPolicy, tag, key);return forRequest(picasso, picasso.dispatcher, picasso.cache, picasso.stats, action).hunt();}5.2 fetch()
毫無結果的獲取圖片，也沒有目標，也沒有返回bitmap，難道只是為了暖場？考慮到Picasso有緩存機制，這個方法還是有一點價值的，提前加載放到緩存，后面加載速度會更快。
/*** Asynchronously fulfills the request without a {@link ImageView} or {@link Target},* and invokes the target {@link Callback} with the result. This is useful when you want to warm* up the cache with an image.* <p>* <em>Note:</em> The {@link Callback} param is a strong reference and will prevent your* {@link android.app.Activity} or {@link android.app.Fragment} from being garbage collected* until the request is completed.*/public void fetch(Callback callback) {long started = System.nanoTime();if (deferred) {throw new IllegalStateException("Fit cannot be used with fetch.");}if (data.hasImage()) {// Fetch requests have lower priority by default.if (!data.hasPriority()) {data.priority(Priority.LOW);}Request request = createRequest(started);String key = createKey(request, new StringBuilder());Bitmap bitmap = picasso.quickMemoryCacheCheck(key);if (bitmap != null) {if (picasso.loggingEnabled) {log(OWNER_MAIN, VERB_COMPLETED, request.plainId(), "from " + MEMORY);}if (callback != null) {callback.onSuccess();}} else {Action action =new FetchAction(picasso, request, memoryPolicy, networkPolicy, tag, key, callback);picasso.submit(action);}}}6. 自定義Picasso
默認使用Picasso.with(context)可以快速的構建Picasso實例，但是Picasso支持擴展自定義Picasso，也就是一些默認的配置，我們可以自己來調控。
可以看到Picasso.Builder方法存在很多可配置的內容，downloader, executor, memoryCache,listener等等都是可以自己設置的，配置完成后調用
builder()方法即可返回Picasso實例。
還可以通過如下方法設置全局Picasso實例。
7. 類圖
請適當放大后查看。
8. 主要流程圖
請適當放大后查看。
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