C++ map基本操作
C++?map的基本操作和使用
???來源:(http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_61533c9b0100fa7w.html) - C++?map的基本操作和使用_Live_新浪博客
??? Map是c++的一個標(biāo)準(zhǔn)容器,她提供了很好一對一的關(guān)系,在一些程序中建立一個map可以起到事半功倍的效果,總結(jié)了一些map基本簡單實用的操作!
1.?map最基本的構(gòu)造函數(shù);
?? map<string , int >mapstring;???????? map<int ,string >mapint;
?? map<sring, char>mapstring;???????? map< char ,string>mapchar;
?? map<char ,int>mapchar;??????????? map<int ,char >mapint;
2.?map添加數(shù)據(jù);
?? map<int ,string> maplive;??
?? 1.maplive.insert(pair<int,string>(102,"aclive"));
?? 2.maplive.insert(map<int,string>::value_type(321,"hai"));
?? 3, maplive[112]="April";//map中最簡單最常用的插入添加!
3,map中元素的查找:
?? find()函數(shù)返回一個迭代器指向鍵值為key的元素,如果沒找到就返回指向map尾部的迭代器。????????
?? map<int ,string >::iterator l_it;;?
???l_it=maplive.find(112);
???if(l_it==maplive.end())
??????????????? cout<<"we do not find 112"<<endl;
?? else cout<<"wo find 112"<<endl;
4,map中元素的刪除:
?? 如果刪除112;
?? map<int ,string >::iterator l_it;;
?? l_it=maplive.find(112);
?? if(l_it==maplive.end())
??????? cout<<"we do not find 112"<<endl;
?? else??maplive.erase(l_it);? //delete 112;
5,map中 swap的用法:
? Map中的swap不是一個容器中的元素交換,而是兩個容器交換;
? For example:
? #include <map>
? #include <iostream>
??using namespace std;
? int main( )
? {
????? map <int, int> m1, m2, m3;
???? ?map <int, int>::iterator m1_Iter;
??????m1.insert ( pair <int, int>? ( 1, 10 ) );
??? ? m1.insert ( pair <int, int>? ( 2, 20 ) );
??? ? m1.insert ( pair <int, int>? ( 3, 30 ) );
???? ?m2.insert ( pair <int, int>? ( 10, 100 ) );
???? ?m2.insert ( pair <int, int>? ( 20, 200 ) );
???? ?m3.insert ( pair <int, int>? ( 30, 300 ) );
?? cout << "The original map m1 is:";
?? for ( m1_Iter = m1.begin( ); m1_Iter != m1.end( ); m1_Iter++ )
????? cout << " " << m1_Iter->second;
????? cout?? << "." << endl;
?? // This is the member function version of swap
?? //m2 is said to be the argument map; m1 the target map
???m1.swap( m2 );
?? cout << "After swapping with m2, map m1 is:";
?? for ( m1_Iter = m1.begin( ); m1_Iter != m1.end( ); m1_Iter++ )
????? cout << " " << m1_Iter -> second;
????? cout? << "." << endl;
?? cout << "After swapping with m2, map m2 is:";
?? for ( m1_Iter = m2.begin( ); m1_Iter != m2.end( ); m1_Iter++ )
????? cout << " " << m1_Iter -> second;
????? cout? << "." << endl;
?? // This is the specialized template version of swap
?? swap( m1, m3 );
?? cout << "After swapping with m3, map m1 is:";
?? for ( m1_Iter = m1.begin( ); m1_Iter != m1.end( ); m1_Iter++ )
????? cout << " " << m1_Iter -> second;
????? cout?? << "." << endl;
}
6.map的sort問題:
? Map中的元素是自動按key升序排序,所以不能對map用sort函數(shù):
? For example:
? #include <map>
? #include <iostream>
??using namespace std;
?int main( )
?{
???map <int, int> m1;
?? map <int, int>::iterator m1_Iter;
?? m1.insert ( pair <int, int>? ( 1, 20 ) );
?? m1.insert ( pair <int, int>? ( 4, 40 ) );
?? m1.insert ( pair <int, int>? ( 3, 60 ) );
?? m1.insert ( pair <int, int>? ( 2, 50 ) );
?? m1.insert ( pair <int, int>? ( 6, 40 ) );
?? m1.insert ( pair <int, int>? ( 7, 30 ) );
?? cout << "The original map m1 is:"<<endl;
?? for ( m1_Iter = m1.begin( ); m1_Iter != m1.end( ); m1_Iter++ )
????? cout <<? m1_Iter->first<<" "<<m1_Iter->second<<endl;
??
}
? The original map m1 is:
? 1 20
? 2 50
? 3 60
? 4 40
? 6 40
? 7 30
? 請按任意鍵繼續(xù). . .
7,?? map的基本操作函數(shù):
??????C++ Maps是一種關(guān)聯(lián)式容器,包含“關(guān)鍵字/值”對
????? begin()????????? 返回指向map頭部的迭代器
????? clear()???????? 刪除所有元素
????? count()????????? 返回指定元素出現(xiàn)的次數(shù)
????? empty()????????? 如果map為空則返回true
????? end()?????????? ?返回指向map末尾的迭代器
??????equal_range()??? 返回特殊條目的迭代器對
??????erase()????????? 刪除一個元素
????? find()????????? ?查找一個元素
????? get_allocator()? 返回map的配置器
????? insert()???????? 插入元素
????? key_comp()?????? 返回比較元素key的函數(shù)
????? lower_bound()??? 返回鍵值>=給定元素的第一個位置
??????max_size()?????? 返回可以容納的最大元素個數(shù)
????? rbegin()???????? 返回一個指向map尾部的逆向迭代器
????? rend()?????????? 返回一個指向map頭部的逆向迭代器
????? size()?????????? 返回map中元素的個數(shù)
????? swap()??????????? 交換兩個map
????? upper_bound()???? 返回鍵值>給定元素的第一個位置
????? value_comp()????? 返回比較元素value的函數(shù)
總結(jié)
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