步驟

• 1. 為什么要自己編譯tensorflow?
• 2. 編譯環境
• • 2.1 安裝所需軟件
• 3. 編譯步驟
• • 3.1 安裝python包
  • 3.2 克隆代碼
  • 3.3 修改代碼
  • 3.4 配置編譯選項
  • 3.5 編譯代碼
  • 3.6 打包安裝包
  • 3.7 安裝編譯出來的安裝包
  • 3.8 運行測試
• 4. 總結
• • 4.1 參考

1. 為什么要自己編譯tensorflow?

tensorflow官方不再提供macos的GPU安裝包，因為Nvidia也不再提供macos下的顯卡驅動了。而官方的CPU安裝包也沒有針對AVX2, FMA等指令集優化，跑模型會出現：

Your CPU supports instructions that this TensorFlow binary was not compiled to use: AVX2 FMA

據說啟用AVX2, FMA等指令集可以在CNN模型上提速約40%。

查看CPU支持的指令集的命令為：

sysctl -a | grep "machdep.cpu.*features:"

通常編譯tensorflow有以下2點原因：

安裝了黑蘋果并插了顯卡或MAC插了外置顯卡，希望利用上GPU。

CPU環境下希望利用AVX2, FMA等進行加速。

2. 編譯環境

筆者使用的是一臺PC，CPU為Intel i5，GPU為GTX 1050Ti，系統安裝了黑蘋果。由于Nvidia的驅動最高只能支持到OSX 10.13，所以系統只能安裝High Sierra。

注意：

要驅動GPU只能安裝High Sierra;

只編譯優化CPU包可以安裝新版本的macos。

2.1 安裝所需軟件

顯卡驅動和CUDA 10.1
這里提供了mac下安裝Nvidia驅動的快捷方式：https://github.com/Benjamin-Dobell/nvidia-update
只需要執行：

bash <(curl -s https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Benjamin-Dobell/nvidia-update/master/nvidia-update.sh)

安裝完確保系統信息顯示正確。

到nvidia官網下載CUDA 10.1的osx安裝包并安裝。安裝完System Preferences下會多出一項“CUDA”：

到nvidia官網下載cudnn 7.6包，并解壓復制文件到CUDA安裝目錄。

Xcode 10.1
從apple developer官網或搜索百度云下載安裝。

python 3
下載并安裝：https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.9/python-3.7.9-macosx10.9.pkg

bazel 3.7.2
這是編譯tensorflow 2.4要求的最低版本。
下載可執行文件：https://github.com/bazelbuild/bazel/releases/download/3.7.2/bazel-3.7.2-darwin-x86_64
然后鏈接一下到/usr/local/bin，測試一下能否輸出版本號：

chmod +x ~/Downloads/bazel-3.7.2-darwin-x86_64 ln -s ~/Downloads/bazel-3.7.2-darwin-x86_64 /usr/local/bin/bazel bazel --version

3. 編譯步驟

3.1 安裝python包

pip3 install -U pip numpy wheel pip3 install -U keras_preprocessing --no-deps

3.2 克隆代碼

git clone https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow cd tensorflow git checkout v2.4.1

3.3 修改代碼

有幾個文件的代碼需要修改一下才能在macos下編譯通過。請到github項目下載patch文件，然后執行：

git am 2.4.1.patch

3.4 配置編譯選項

如果編譯GPU包，注意在CUDA Support選項輸入y，否則選N。

./configure You have bazel 3.7.2 installed. Please specify the location of python. [Default is /usr/local/bin/python3]: Found possible Python library paths:/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages Please input the desired Python library path to use. Default is [/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages]Do you wish to build TensorFlow with ROCm support? [y/N]: N No ROCm support will be enabled for TensorFlow.Do you wish to build TensorFlow with CUDA support? [y/N]: y CUDA support will be enabled for TensorFlow.Found CUDA 10.1 in:/usr/local/cuda/lib/Developer/NVIDIA/CUDA-10.1/include Found cuDNN 7 in:/usr/local/cuda/lib/Developer/NVIDIA/CUDA-10.1/includePlease specify a list of comma-separated CUDA compute capabilities you want to build with. You can find the compute capability of your device at: https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-gpus. Each capability can be specified as "x.y" or "compute_xy" to include both virtual and binary GPU code, or as "sm_xy" to only include the binary code. Please note that each additional compute capability significantly increases your build time and binary size, and that TensorFlow only supports compute capabilities >= 3.5 [Default is: 3.5,7.0]: 3.0,3.5,5.0,6.1,7.0WARNING: XLA does not support CUDA compute capabilities lower than 3.5. Disable XLA when running on older GPUs. Do you want to use clang as CUDA compiler? [y/N]: N nvcc will be used as CUDA compiler.Please specify which gcc should be used by nvcc as the host compiler. [Default is /usr/bin/gcc]: Please specify optimization flags to use during compilation when bazel option "--config=opt" is specified [Default is -Wno-sign-compare]: Would you like to interactively configure ./WORKSPACE for Android builds? [y/N]: N Not configuring the WORKSPACE for Android builds.Do you wish to build TensorFlow with iOS support? [y/N]: N No iOS support will be enabled for TensorFlow.Preconfigured Bazel build configs. You can use any of the below by adding "--config=<>" to your build command. See .bazelrc for more details.--config=mkl # Build with MKL support.--config=mkl_aarch64 # Build with oneDNN support for Aarch64.--config=monolithic # Config for mostly static monolithic build.--config=ngraph # Build with Intel nGraph support.--config=numa # Build with NUMA support.--config=dynamic_kernels # (Experimental) Build kernels into separate shared objects.--config=v2 # Build TensorFlow 2.x instead of 1.x. Preconfigured Bazel build configs to DISABLE default on features:--config=noaws # Disable AWS S3 filesystem support.--config=nogcp # Disable GCP support.--config=nohdfs # Disable HDFS support.--config=nonccl # Disable NVIDIA NCCL support. Configuration finished

3.5 編譯代碼

使用以下命令來編譯：

bazel build -c opt --copt=-mavx --copt=-mavx2 --copt=-mfma --copt=-msse4.2 //tensorflow/tools/pip_package:build_pip_package

如果遇到下面的錯誤，則需要把bazel-tensorflow/external/com_google_absl/absl/container/internal/compressed_tuple.h中的那2個有問題的函數注釋掉：

external/com_google_absl/absl/container/internal/compressed_tuple.h:171:53: error: use 'template' keyword to treat 'Storage' as a dependent template name return (std::move(*this).internal_compressed_tuple::Storage< CompressedTuple, I> ::get()); ^template external/com_google_absl/absl/container/internal/compressed_tuple.h:177:54: error: use 'template' keyword to treat 'Storage' as a dependent template name return (absl::move(*this).internal_compressed_tuple::Storage< CompressedTuple, I> ::get()); ^template 2 errors generated.

編譯過程很漫長，可能需要8個小時，如果沒有錯誤，結束時會輸出：

... Target //tensorflow/tools/pip_package:build_pip_package up-to-date:bazel-bin/tensorflow/tools/pip_package/build_pip_package INFO: Elapsed time: 17902.809s, Critical Path: 684.61s INFO: 7578 processes: 41 internal, 7537 local. INFO: Build completed successfully, 7578 total actions INFO: Build completed successfully, 7578 total actions

3.6 打包安裝包

./bazel-bin/tensorflow/tools/pip_package/build_pip_package /tmp/tensorflow_pkg

會在/tmp/tensorflow_pkg下生成wheel安裝包，如：tensorflow-2.4.1-cp37-cp37m-macosx_10_13_x86_64.whl

3.7 安裝編譯出來的安裝包

pip3 install /tmp/tensorflow_pkg/tensorflow-2.4.1-cp37-cp37m-macosx_10_13_x86_64.whl

3.8 運行測試

隨便運行一個模型可以看到類似下面的輸出，則說明運行正常：

2021-02-19 12:27:55.699299: I tensorflow/stream_executor/platform/default/dso_loader.cc:49] Successfully opened dynamic library libcudart.10.1.dylib 2021-02-19 12:27:57.935779: I tensorflow/compiler/jit/xla_cpu_device.cc:41] Not creating XLA devices, tf_xla_enable_xla_devices not set 2021-02-19 12:27:57.959578: I tensorflow/stream_executor/platform/default/dso_loader.cc:49] Successfully opened dynamic library libcuda.dylib 2021-02-19 12:27:57.984405: I tensorflow/stream_executor/cuda/cuda_gpu_executor.cc:902] OS X does not support NUMA - returning NUMA node zero 2021-02-19 12:27:57.984958: I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_device.cc:1720] Found device 0 with properties: pciBusID: 0000:01:00.0 name: GeForce GTX 1050 Ti computeCapability: 6.1 coreClock: 1.392GHz coreCount: 6 deviceMemorySize: 4.00GiB deviceMemoryBandwidth: 104.43GiB/s 2021-02-19 12:27:57.985295: I tensorflow/stream_executor/platform/default/dso_loader.cc:49] Successfully opened dynamic library libcudart.10.1.dylib 2021-02-19 12:27:58.067490: I tensorflow/stream_executor/platform/default/dso_loader.cc:49] Successfully opened dynamic library libcublas.10.dylib 2021-02-19 12:27:58.067768: I tensorflow/stream_executor/platform/default/dso_loader.cc:49] Successfully opened dynamic library libcublasLt.10.dylib 2021-02-19 12:27:58.121329: I tensorflow/stream_executor/platform/default/dso_loader.cc:49] Successfully opened dynamic library libcufft.10.dylib 2021-02-19 12:27:58.143269: I tensorflow/stream_executor/platform/default/dso_loader.cc:49] Successfully opened dynamic library libcurand.10.dylib 2021-02-19 12:27:58.234257: I tensorflow/stream_executor/platform/default/dso_loader.cc:49] Successfully opened dynamic library libcusolver.10.dylib 2021-02-19 12:27:58.288708: I tensorflow/stream_executor/platform/default/dso_loader.cc:49] Successfully opened dynamic library libcusparse.10.dylib 2021-02-19 12:27:58.372196: I tensorflow/stream_executor/platform/default/dso_loader.cc:49] Successfully opened dynamic library libcudnn.7.dylib 2021-02-19 12:27:58.372467: I tensorflow/stream_executor/cuda/cuda_gpu_executor.cc:902] OS X does not support NUMA - returning NUMA node zero 2021-02-19 12:27:58.372987: I tensorflow/stream_executor/cuda/cuda_gpu_executor.cc:902] OS X does not support NUMA - returning NUMA node zero 2021-02-19 12:27:58.373252: I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_device.cc:1862] Adding visible gpu devices: 0 ...

如果出現下面的錯誤，則需要升級一下numpy的版本：

F tensorflow/python/lib/core/bfloat16.cc:714] Check failed: PyBfloat16_Type.tp_base != nullptr Abort trap: 6 pip3 install -U numpy

4. 總結

祝編譯順利！如果遇到什么問題，歡迎與我聯系！項目的github地址為：https://github.com/evan-wu/tensorflow-macosx-build。歡迎關注、點贊、加🌟。

4.1 參考

• 官方編譯文檔：https://www.tensorflow.org/install/source#macos_1
• 已有的CPU優化包：https://github.com/lakshayg/tensorflow-build
• 提供了到tensorflow 2.2的代碼patch：https://github.com/TomHeaven/tensorflow-osx-build

總結

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