国教考试—英国历史
1,英國的全名
Its official name ,its full name :
The United Kingom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Its other names:
U.K.
The United Kingdom
Britain
2, Something about UK :
National Flag : Union Jack 英國國旗
Nick Name: John Bull
National Anthem : God Save the Queen
3,英國的四個部分 Four Parts of U.K
England (最大的)
Scotland
Wales
Northern Ireland (最小的,里面有 N.IRELAND 這個地方)
4,英國第二長河 最重要的河
The second longest and most important river :
Thames River 泰晤士河
5,蘇格蘭分為三個部分 if divided into 3 parts :
a, Northern Highland (北方高地)
b,Central Lowland (中央低地 人口最多,四分之三都在)
c,Southern Upland (南部丘陵 )
6,英國最早的人口 : Iberians (伊比利亞人)他們留下了 Stonehenge (巨石陣)
第二批到達英國的人 是 : Celts (凱爾特人),
Ancestors of Scottish/Welsh / Irish 是蘇格蘭和愛爾士的祖先
449年后 來了三個日耳曼人:
Anglo-Saxon-Jutes:Ancestor of English 英格蘭人的祖先
7,誰建立了英國第一個王朝 House of Wessex :
King Alfred the Great 阿爾弗雷德大王
8,Norman Conquest 諾曼征服 —— 國王是 William
9,英聯邦組織: British Commonwealth of Nations (要會寫)
10, London Tower 倫敦塔 是威廉一世征服英國后建立的
11,Middle English 中古英語的特點
(1)dropped inflection of Old English
(2)assimilate vocabulary of French and Latin
12,King John,the Lackland 無地王約翰
13,什么叫大憲章(Grand Charter) :名詞解釋
In 1215 ,the barons forced King John to accept Grand Charter, Grand Charter has 63 clauses to limit King`s power
14,大憲章的意義:(13+14 作為一個名詞解釋題)
Crand Charter is the beginning point of English liberty, democracy and rule of law
Grand Charter limits King`s power ,and is basis for Constitutional Monarchy
Grand Charter is part of British Unwritten Constitution
15, Model Parliament (模范議會)
In 1265 , a New Grand Council was summoned in Westminster , with 2 knights from each county and 2 burgesses from each town .
In 1295 ,Edward I summoned the “Model Parliament” (模范議會)in this way for taxex
Model Parliament is the earliest form of modern English Parliament and model for all parliaments in the world
16, 面對黑死病 農民發動了什么? Great Peasants` Upring 起義
意義:The Uprising failed,but English serfdom was soon demolished
農奴制被廢除
同時因為勞動力缺失 地主也發起了運動 Enclosure Movement (圈地運動)
意義: Enclosure Movement formed the earliest English capitalism (形成英國早期資產階級)
English feudalism received its death blow (封建制度受到致命打擊)
18, Henry VIII`s 亨利八世 建立了 Church of England (英國國教會)
19, Elizabeth I 伊麗莎白一世(英國成為歐洲第一大國)
主要成就:
In 1587,Britain defeated Spanish Armada (打敗了西班牙)
Britain began oversea colonization (向外殖民)
Under her rule , English Renaissance reached its peak(英國文藝復興達到鼎盛)
20, Enlish Civil War was also called
Bourgeoisie Revolution
Puritan Revolution (清教徒革命戰) 要知道支持者支持哪個陣營
Supporters of Charles I were landlords and nobles ,mostly Catholics.
Supporters of Parliament were ordinary people and capitalists , mostly Puritans
查理一世被送往斷頭臺后 由 Cromwell 成為領導人(護國公)
Glorious Revolution 光榮革命
維多利亞女王時期的盛世
Industrial Revolution (工業革命)
Critical Realism (批判文學)
Second Peak in British history
英國政治的兩個特色是什么?
Constitutional Monarchy (君主立憲制)
Parliamentary Democracy (議會民主制)
現在伊麗莎白二世 所處的王朝 叫 House of Windsor (溫莎王朝)
Queents Powers :
The Queen reigns but does not rule (統而不治)
女王的兩個行政權是 (Executive Power )
Appoint prime minister on the advice of Parliament
Appoint ministers and officials on advice of Prime minister
立法權:
summon and dissolve Parliament
give Royal Assent to bills
女王的角色 Political roles (要知道)
1,Head of state (國家元首)
2,Head of executive (行政部門的首腦)
3,Integral part of the legislature (立法部門的組成部分)
4,Head of judiciary (司法部門的首腦)
5,Commander in Chief of the armed (武裝力量總司令)
6,Head of Church of England (英國國教領袖)
會寫 Buckingham Palace (白金漢宮)
26, 議會 上議院: Lord Spirtual 上議院神職議員 和Lord Temporal 上議院世俗議員 上議院領導者——Lord Speaker(上議院院長)
27,議會的四個權力:Functions of parliament
(1),Passing laws (立法)
(2),Voting for taxation (征稅)
(3),Scrutinizing government (監督政府)
(4),Debate on major political issues (討論)
28,最有權力的部門: 下議院 House of Commons 領導叫 Speaker of House of Commons 下議院議長
29, 英國的(也是世界)第一部憲法 —— Unwritten Constitution 不成文憲法
30,內閣的領導人 Prime Minister (首相)
總結
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