mount 掛載
格式：mount -t 文件系統 -o 選項 設備名 掛載點
eg:掛載磁盤
mount /dev/hda5 /disk5
mount -t ext3 /dev/sda5 /new_disk
分區格式：FAT32 NTFS 文件系統格式
掛載光盤
mount /dev/cdrom /cd_rom
mount -t iso9660 /dev/cdrom /cdrom

掛載ISO
mount -t iso9660 -o loop /soft/centos.iso /mnt/

掛載NFS的網絡共享
查看共享? showmount -e 192.168.1.10
掛載 ??? ? mount 192.168.1.10:/soft/rhel55 /mnt?? 掛載遠程文件

掛載U盤(同硬盤一樣)
mount -t 文件系統 /dev/sdxx /mnt

那么，是不是每次重啟都需要自動掛載，不需要，可以在/etc/fstab中設置自動
設備名??? ??? ??? 掛載點??? ??? ??? 文件類型? 選項??? ??? 是否備份?????? 是否開機檢測
LABEL=/???????????????? /?????????????????????? ext4??? defaults??????? 1 ??? ???? 1
LABEL=/share??????????? /share????????????????? ext3??? defaults??????? 1??? ??? 2
LABEL=/u01????????????? /u01??????????????????? ext3??? defaults??????? 1 ??? ??? 2
LABEL=/doc????????????? /doc??????????????????? ext3??? defaults??????? 1 ??? ??? 2
LABEL=/soft???????????? /soft?????????????????? ext3??? defaults??????? 1 ??? ??? 2
LABEL=/vmdk???????????? /vmdk?????????????????? ext3??? defaults??????? 1 ??? ??? 2
LABEL=/boot???????????? /boot?????????????????? ext3??? defaults??????? 1 ??? ??? 2
tmpfs????????????????? /dev/shm??????????????? tmpfs?? defaults??????? 0 ??? ??? 0???
devpts????????????????? /dev/pts??????????????? devpts? gid=5,mode=620? 0 ??? ??? 0
sysfs?????????????????? /sys??????????????????? sysfs?? defaults??????? 0 ??? ??? 0
proc??????????????????? /proc?????????????????? proc??? defaults??????? 0 ??? ??? 0
LABEL=SWAP-hdb9???????? swap??????????????????? swap??? defaults??????? 0 ??? ??? 0
其中
tmps:虛擬內存分配空間
devpts:虛擬設備
sysfs:
proc:

如果要實現網絡掛載，則需要?????????????????????
192.168.1.10:/soft/rhel55??????? /rhel55 ??? nfs ??? ??? defaults??? 0 0

如何實現開機掛載192.168.1.10:/soft/rhel55和本機的iso
/soft/rhel55.iso???????????????? /media??????? iso9660????? ??? loop ??? ??? 0 0??? ??? ??? ???
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
swap分區的生成和添加
1)添加swap分區
2)格式化swap分區? mkswap /dev/sda?
3)啟用swap分區
??? 查看? free
??? 啟用? swapon /dev/sda???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
4)設置/etc/fstab自動 啟用

開機自動掛載的方法
vim /etc/rc.local
swapon /dev/sda?

方案二：在現有分區的情況下，創建一個swap文件
1)dd if=/dev/zero of=/tmp/swap bs=1M count=2048
2)將產生的文件格式話為swap?
mkswap /tmp/swap
3)啟用swap 文件
swapon /dev/sda?
4)自動掛載? /etc/rc.local 文件修改，不能在/etc/fstab中更改

查看SWAP狀況
free
swapon -s
cat /proc/swaps
k
磁盤配額
應用場景：
??? web服務器? 郵件服務器 ftp服務器
quota的使用限制
1 它只對分區進行限額，不能對目錄
2 需要內核支持
3 掛載磁盤時，要指定usrquota grpquota選項
4 限額只針對普通用戶，對root無效
5 有些文件系統類型(fat32)不支持quota

限額類型
1 基于空間的限制? block
2? 基于文件數的限制? inode

限額方式
軟限制：達到軟限制之后，在寬限期內還能使用(會警告)，寬限期到后就不能再使用
硬限制：立馬不能使用

配置方法
1 創建一個分區(也可現有分區)，然后usrquota grpquota 掛載
mount -t ext3 -o usrquota,grpquota /dev/sda10 /disk_10/?? 記得修改/etc/fstab
，加入相關參數
2 生成相關配置文件
quotacheck -cavug
3 設置寬限時間
edquota -t
4 設置用戶限額
edquota -u user? eg :edquota -u tom

5 啟用限額
quotaon /dev/sda10

如果需要開機自動啟用，需要修改/etc/rc.local 或者對/etc/fstab進行修改

6 測試

7 報告 repquota -a

8 取消? quotaoff /dev/sda10
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
軟件的安裝
1 rpm包的安裝
???? rpm: Red Hat Management
?命名規則：包名－發布的版本－支持平臺－類型后綴

在所有軟件中，此類安裝最簡單
rpm 參數? 包名
??? -i??? 安裝
??? -v??? 顯示安裝的附加信息
??? -h??? 在安裝過程中，以#輸出


??? -q???? 查詢
????? a??? 查詢所有安裝的軟件包
????? pl?? 查詢所有軟件包文件
????? pi?? 查詢軟件的概要信息
????? f??? 查詢某個文件屬于哪個包?
?????? rpm -qf 包路徑(可以用which查詢)
??????? [root@localhost ~]# which vim
??? ??? ??? ??? /usr/bin/vim
??
??? [root@localhost ~]# rpm -qf /usr/bin/vim
?????????????????????????? vim-enhanced-7.0.109-7.el5
???? --force??? 強制安裝
???? --replacefiles:有些文件存在時直接覆蓋
???? --nodeps:不檢查依賴關系(不建議使用)???
???? -e???????? 卸載
?
缺點：
???? 依賴關系很麻煩，某些方面解決比較復雜
解決方法
???? 使用yum安裝，? 配置/etc/yum.repos.d/rhel.debuginfo.repo進行修改
[root@localhost Desktop]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel-debuginfo.repo
[rhel-debuginfo]
name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux $releasever - $basearch - Debug
baseurl=ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/redhat/linux/enterprise/$releasever/en/os/$basearch/Debuginfo/
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

[rhel-debuginfo-beta]
name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux $releasever Beta - $basearch - Debug
baseurl=ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/redhat/linux/beta/$releasever/en/os/$basearch/Debuginfo/
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-beta,file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

這個是文件的默認配置，我們對這個文件先進行保存，然后再進行修改，可以刪除所有的內容，自定義一個
格式為
[Server]
name=Server
baseurl=file:///mnt/Server?? 本地文件路徑
enabled=1???? 是否開啟? 1：開啟? 0:關閉
gpgcheck=0??? 是否校驗??????????????????????????????????????????????????????

yum的過程
1 創建軟件的安裝原，將已經解決好依賴關系到軟件，復制到本地，或放在某個服務器上，
2 編輯配置文件，告訴安裝程序 某個組 某個目錄 叫什么名字，軟件包在×××
3 安裝? yum install
???? 相關命令：yum clean all?? 清除舊的yum源信息
?????????????? yum list??????? 列出軟件信息
注：安裝時可以看看是否需要安裝
?????????????? yum erase xxx?? 卸載

手動創建yum安裝源的方法
創建軟件目錄，并且將相關軟件復制到其中
??? mkdir /soft/yumtest
??????? cp /soft/AdobeReader_chs-8.1.7-1.i486.rpm linuxqq-v1.0.2-beta1.i386.rpm /soft/yumtest


安裝createrepo 包
[root@localhost soft]# yum install createrepo*
Loaded plugins: rhnplugin, security
This system is not registered with RHN.
RHN support will be disabled.
server?????????????????????????????????????????????????? | 1.3 kB???? 00:00????
Setting up Install Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package createrepo.noarch 0:0.4.11-3.el5 set to be updated
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

================================================================================
?Package??????????? Arch?????????? Version???????????????? Repository????? Size
================================================================================
Installing:
?createrepo???????? noarch???????? 0.4.11-3.el5??????????? server????????? 59 k

Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install?????? 1 Package(s)
Upgrade?????? 0 Package(s)

Total download size: 59 k
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Finished Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
? Installing???? : createrepo?????????????????????????????????????????????? 1/1

Installed:
? createrepo.noarch 0:0.4.11-3.el5?????????????????????????????????????????????

Complete!
[root@localhost soft]#

創建軟件源的依賴關系
[root@localhost soft]# createrepo /soft/yumtest/
2/2 - AdobeReader_chs-8.1.7-1.i486.rpm?????????????????????????????????????????
Saving Primary metadata
Saving file lists metadata
Saving other metadata
[root@localhost soft]#
[root@localhost yumtest]# ls
AdobeReader_chs-8.1.7-1.i486.rpm? linuxqq-v1.0.2-beta1.i386.rpm? repodata


配置yum的配置文件
[root@localhost soft]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel-debuginfo.repo
寫入相關信息
[server]
name=server
baseurl=file:///media/Server
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0




[Test]
name=TEST
baseurl=file:///soft/yumtest
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0

測試安裝

[root@localhost /]# yum list |grep linuxqq
This system is not registered with RHN.
RHN support will be disabled.
linuxqq.i386?????????????????????????????? v1.0.2-beta1??????????????? Test????
[root@localhost /]# yum install linuxqq*
Loaded plugins: rhnplugin, security
This system is not registered with RHN.
RHN support will be disabled.
Setting up Install Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package linuxqq.i386 0:v1.0.2-beta1 set to be updated
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

================================================================================
?Package?????????? Arch?????????? Version????????????????? Repository????? Size
================================================================================
Installing:
?linuxqq?????????? i386?????????? v1.0.2-beta1???????????? Test?????????? 4.8 M

Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install?????? 1 Package(s)
Upgrade?????? 0 Package(s)

Total download size: 4.8 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Finished Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
? Installing???? : linuxqq????????????????????????????????????????????????? 1/1

Installed:
? linuxqq.i386 0:v1.0.2-beta1??????????????????????????????????????????????????

Complete!
[root@localhost /]#

???????????????????????????
??? ??????????????????????????????
~??????????????????????????????????????????????????

~??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?

轉載于:https://blog.51cto.com/jackicy/570808

總結

以上是生活随笔為你收集整理的磁盘配额 挂载 和yum源的配置的全部內容，希望文章能夠幫你解決所遇到的問題。

如果覺得生活随笔網站內容還不錯，歡迎將生活随笔推薦給好友。