HALCON

1.?語(yǔ)法范式?Syntax?Style?

1.1.?基本格式

1.1.1.?算子格式

算子（輸入圖像參數(shù)：輸出圖像參數(shù)：輸入控制參數(shù)：輸出控制參數(shù)）

其中四個(gè)參數(shù)任意一個(gè)可以為空

e.g.1.threshold(Image?:?Region?:?MinGray,?MaxGray?:?)?

**?threshold算子,1?Image?Para?input?:?Image?;?2?Image?Para?output?:Region?;?

**3?Control?Para?input?:?MinGray?,??MaxGray?4?Control?Para?output?:無(wú)

2.get_image_pointer1(Image?:?:?:?Pointer,?Type,?Width,?Height)?

**?threshold算子,1?Image?Para?input?:?Image?;?2?Image?Para?output?:無(wú);?

**??3?Control?Para?input?:?無(wú)?4?Control?Para?output?:?Pointer,?Type,?Width,?Height

1.1.2.?程序結(jié)構(gòu)

HDEV即HALCON?Develop，相當(dāng)于VC中sln，solution。dev下面有很多窗口。

l?dev_update_pc

Switches?the?update?of?the?PC?during?program?execution?on?or?off.

l?dev_update_time

Switch?time?measurement?for?operators?on?or?off.

l?dev_update_var

Switches?the?update?of?the?variable?window?during?program?execution?on?or?off.

l?dev_update_window

Switches?the?automatic?output?of?iconic?output?objects?into?the?graphics?window?during?program?execution?on?or?off.?

1.1.3.?符號(hào)

這里主要列出一些和C/C++含義不同的符號(hào)，以及HALCON中一些重要符號(hào)。

編號(hào)	符號(hào)	符號(hào)含義
1	*	注釋符號(hào)
2	:=	賦值符號(hào)，和C中不同
3	=	邏輯符號(hào)，判斷相等，相對(duì)于C中的’==’
4	\	轉(zhuǎn)義符號(hào)，至少可以在用于換行的轉(zhuǎn)義，’\+Enter’就可以續(xù)行了
5	$	變量指示符號(hào)，e.g.?+Distance$'.3'表示將變量Distance寫(xiě)成3個(gè)字長(zhǎng)的字符串形式
6	F1	Help文檔，直接看算子
7	F2	回滾到程序頭
8	F3/F4	激活/注銷(xiāo)此行代碼
9	F5	運(yùn)行程序
10	F6	單步執(zhí)行
11	F10	設(shè)置斷點(diǎn)

1.2.?讀寫(xiě)文件I/O

1.2.1.??控制變量的I/O

HACLON的輸入，輸出寫(xiě)法相當(dāng)靈活。下面三個(gè)列子分別是常量字符串，格式化的浮點(diǎn)數(shù)，和一個(gè)tuple的輸出

*字符串和單個(gè)浮點(diǎn)數(shù)的輸出，甚至不需要fnew_line來(lái)寫(xiě)下一行，直接用\n，在一般的文本編輯器里就能有比較好的格式。?注意不用寫(xiě)百分號(hào)'%d''d','?3d'表示始終為3位輸出，'10.3f'表示始終為10位輸出，其中小數(shù)位占3位

fwrite_string(FileHandle,'\tR1\tx1\ty1\tR2\tx2\ty2\td1\td2\td3\n')

fwrite_string(FileHandle,?'\n'+i$'d'+'?'+R1$'10.3f'+x1$'10.3f'+y1$'10.3f'+\

???????????????????R2$'10.3f'+x2$'10.3f'+y2$'10.3f'+\

??????????????????d1$'10.3f'+d2$'10.3f'+d3$'10.3f')

*在同一行中輸出按'7.3f'的格式輸出UpRows的所有元素，元素之間有個(gè)空格

fnew_line(FileHandle)

fwrite_string(FileHandle,UpRows$'7.3f'+'?')?/

1.2.2.??圖像變量的I/O

Path:=?'I:/Work/ritz/Piece/data/data_0528/'

read_image?(Image,?Path+'hgtest1__'+i$'d')

dump_window?(WindowHandle,?'png',?'C:/Documents?and?Settings/Administrator/桌面/sadaharu2_gray.png')

write_image?(Amp,?'png',?0?,?'C:/Documents?and?Settings/Administrator/桌面/sadaharu2_canny2.png')

write_region(Margin,'C:/Documents?and?Settings/Administrator/桌面/sadaharu2_canny3.tif')?

1.3.?圖像或形狀的生成與顯示

這條主要是為了區(qū)分三個(gè)系列的函數(shù)，gen_?,?draw_?和?disp_

l?gen_??gen系列跨度很大，一般屬于Creation范疇，生成的可以是圖像image，匹配模板model，區(qū)域region，輪廓Contour，亞像素級(jí)輪廓Contour?XLD，濾波器filter，HALCON內(nèi)部描述文件descr(如標(biāo)定板的表述caltab10mm.descr)等。下面展示的是一些容易混淆的gen_circle等，都是生成區(qū)域，屬于Table?of?Contents/Regions/Creation：

gen_circle

Create?a?circle.

gen_ellipse

Create?an?ellipse.

gen_rectangle2

Create?a?rectangle?of?any?orientation.

以畫(huà)圓為例，含有Row，Col，R，且這些都是輸入量：

gen_circle(?:?Circle?:?Row,?Column,?Radius?:?)?

l?draw_?屬于Table?of?Contents/Graphics/Drawing和我們平常理解的不同，這里的draw是指交互式地在窗口上畫(huà)圖，而不是直接按參數(shù)畫(huà)圖

draw_circle

Interactive?drawing?of?a?circle.

draw_ellipse

Interactive?drawing?of?an?ellipse.

draw_line

Draw?a?line.

以畫(huà)圓為例，雖然也有Row，Col，R，但這些都是輸出量：

draw_circle(?:?:?WindowHandle?:?Row,?Column,?Radius)?

l?disp_?屬于Table?of?Contents/Graphics/Output

disp_arc

Displays?circular?arcs?in?a?window.輸出顯示一段弧

disp_arrow

Displays?arrows?in?a?window.輸出顯示一個(gè)箭頭

disp_circle

Displays?circles?in?a?window.

disp_cross

Displays?crosses?in?a?window.

以畫(huà)弧為例，雖然也有CRow，CCol，而且這些都是輸入的控制參數(shù)：

disp_arc(?:?:?WindowHandle,?CenterRow,?CenterCol,?Angle,?BeginRow,?BeginCol?:?)?

2.?數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)?Data?Structure

2.1.?Tuple元組

HALCON中的元組是一個(gè)涵蓋范圍很廣的數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)，可以表示各種整形浮點(diǎn)，也可以表示字符串。

2.1.1.?tuple的函數(shù)

①　Tuple的長(zhǎng)度

tuple_length(?:?:?Tuple?:?Length)?

e.g.tuple_length(?RowsEdges,?LengthEdge)，還有一種更簡(jiǎn)單的方法，

②　Tuple按index取元素

tuple_select(?:?:?Tuple,?Index?:?Selected)?

e.g.tuple_select(?RowsEdges,?0,RowSelectedPoint)

tuple_select_range(?:?:?Tuple,?Leftindex,?Rightindex?:?Selected)?

?Select?several?elements?of?a?tuple?between?the?left?index?and?the?right?index.

③　Tuple的初始化，包含分配內(nèi)存需要的長(zhǎng)度以及初始值

tuple_gen_const

gen_tuple_const(NumHoles,0)

2.1.2.?tuple的操作符

tuple的操作除了調(diào)用函數(shù)，還可以直接訪問(wèn)元素，或者使用操作符

①　Tuple的長(zhǎng)度

Length:=?|Tuple|

e.g.LengthEdge1?:=?|RowsEdges|?

②　Tuple按index取元素

e.g.RowSelectedPoint?:=?RowsEdges[0]

2.2.?常見(jiàn)圖像變量數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)及相互轉(zhuǎn)換：

Image，Region,?Contour?,XLD,幾何圖形

2.2.1.?Image??Region

①　Image??Region

?threshold(Image?:?Region?:?MinGray,?MaxGray?:?)

Bin_threshold,char_threshold,dual_threshold,dyn_threshold,fast_threshold,hysteresis_threshold,threshold_sub_pix

var_threshold?Threshold?an?image?by?local?mean?and?standard?deviation?analysis

watersheds_threshold—?Extract?watershed?basins?from?an?image?using?a?threshold.

②　Image??Region

reduce_domain(Image,?Region?:?ImageReduced?:?:?)?

Reduce?the?domain?of?an?image.提取ROI中的圖像部分

region_to_bin(Region?:?BinImage?:?ForegroundGray,?BackgroundGray,?Width,?Height?:?)?

Convert?a?region?into?a?binary?byte-image。將區(qū)域轉(zhuǎn)化為二值圖

region_to_label(Region?:?ImageLabel?:?Type,?Width,?Height?:?)?Convert?regions?to?a?label?image.

region_to_mean(Regions,?Image?:?ImageMean?:?:?)?

?Paint?regions?with?their?average?gray?value.??結(jié)合原圖Image將區(qū)域內(nèi)所有像素點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)換為它的中值。

2.2.2.?Region??Contour?

①　Region??Contour?

?

gen_circle_contour_xld

Create?XLD?contours?corresponding?to?circles?or?circular?arcs.

gen_contour_nurbs_xld

Transforms?a?NURBS?curve?into?an?XLD?contour.

gen_contour_polygon_rounded_xld

Generate?a?XLD?contour?with?rounded?corners?from?a?polygon?(given?as?tuples).

gen_contour_polygon_xld

Generate?an?XLD?contour?from?a?polygon?(given?as?tuples).

gen_contour_region_xld

Generate?XLD?contours?from?regions.

gen_contours_skeleton_xld

Convert?a?skeleton?into?XLD?contours.

gen_cross_contour_xld

Generate?one?XLD?contour?in?the?shape?of?a?cross?for?each?input?point.

gen_ellipse_contour_xld

Creation?of?an?XLD?contour?corresponding?to?an?elliptic?arc.

gen_nurbs_interp

Create?control?data?of?a?NURBS?curve?that?interpolates?given?points.

gen_parallels_xld

Extract?parallel?XLD?polygons.

gen_polygons_xld

Approximate?XLD?contours?by?polygons.

gen_rectangle2_contour_xld

Create?an?XLD?contour?in?the?shape?of?a?rectangle.

mod_parallels_xld

Extract?parallel?XLD?polygons?enclosing?a?homogeneous?area.

?

3.?函數(shù)理解?Understanding?the?Basic?but?Essential?Functions

3.1.?edges_sub_pix

edges_sub_pix?(Image,?Edges,?'canny',?0.9,?20,?40)

edges_sub_pix(Image?:?Edges?:?Filter,?Alpha,?Low,?High?:?)?

主要介紹Canny邊緣檢測(cè)，同hysteresis_threshold，Canny邊緣檢測(cè)時(shí)不是單個(gè)閾值，而是有個(gè)“遲滯效應(yīng)”設(shè)置了雙閾值。

hysteresis_threshold?performs?a?hysteresis?threshold?operation?(introduced?by?Canny)?on?an?image.?All?points?in?the?input?image?Image?having?a?gray?value?larger?than?or?equal?to?High?are?immediately?accepted?(“secure”?points).?Conversely,?all?points?with?gray?values?less?than?Low?are?immediately?rejected.?“Potential”?points?with?gray?values?between?both?thresholds?are?accepted?if?they?are?connected?to?“secure”?points?by?a?path?of?“potential”?points?having?a?length?of?at?most?MaxLength?points.?This?means?that?“secure”?points?influence?their?surroundings?(hysteresis).

4.?經(jīng)驗(yàn)談?Special?Tips

4.1.?多使用help?文檔中的Content?Table：有問(wèn)題何不往上翻一級(jí)

“不是路上真面目，只緣身在此山中”。解決一個(gè)問(wèn)題，就和了解一個(gè)山峰所有真正的登山路一樣，當(dāng)我們?cè)谏窖袝r(shí)，自然是很難了解這條路是否能直通山頂?shù)?#xff0c;而當(dāng)我們處在一個(gè)比這座峰更高的一個(gè)位置時(shí)，很自然就可以觀察或者自己構(gòu)造出一條比較好的登山路。這就是看往上一級(jí)，才看Content?Table的作用，在這樣一個(gè)更高的視野我們就可以找到在這個(gè)范圍內(nèi)的其他的路，也許剛好可以登上這座峰。如：

Table?of?Contents/Filter/smooth_image,

eliminate_min_max?:?Smooth?an?image?in?the?spatial?domain?to?suppress?noise.

?

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來(lái)自為知筆記(Wiz)

轉(zhuǎn)載于:https://www.cnblogs.com/ouxiaogu/p/3319600.html

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